我对这种结构很陌生，我从中学习的书对我来说非常不直观。我对代码进行了三次检查，但我无法弄清楚为什么我无法弹出图像。背景是白色的，HUD 在那里，但立方体不会出现。当我试图让它变成彩色时也是一样。
#include <windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <d3d9.h>
#include <d3dx9.h>
#include <d3dx9core.h>
#pragma comment (lib, "d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3dx9.lib")
LPDIRECT3D9 d3d;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev;
//LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 quadTexture;
LPD3DXFONT m_font;
D3DCOLOR fontColor;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 v_buffer = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DINDEXBUFFER9 i_buffer = NULL;
struct ColorVertex{
D3DXVECTOR3 pos;
ColorVertex(FLOAT X, FLOAT Y, FLOAT Z):pos(X, Y, Z){}
static IDirect3DVertexDeclaration9* Decl;
};
IDirect3DVertexDeclaration9* ColorVertex::Decl = 0;
void initD3D(HWND hWnd);
void render_frame(void);
void cleanD3D(void);
void setVertices(void);
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow){
#define SCREEN_WIDTH GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN)
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN)
HWND hWnd;
WNDCLASSEX wc;
ZeroMemory(&wc, sizeof(WNDCLASSEX));
wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wc.lpszClassName = L"WindowClass";
RegisterClassEx(&wc);
hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,
L"WindowClass",
L"v2",
WS_EX_TOPMOST | WS_POPUP,
0, 0,
SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL);
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
initD3D(hWnd);
setVertices();
D3DXCreateFont( d3ddev, 20, 0, FW_BOLD, 0, FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY, DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("Arial"), &m_font );
D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 Elements[] = {
{0, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION, 0},
D3DDECL_END()
};
d3ddev->CreateVertexDeclaration(Elements, &ColorVertex::Decl);
MSG msg;
while(TRUE){
while(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)){
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
if(msg.message == WM_QUIT) break;
render_frame();
}
cleanD3D();
return msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){
switch(message){
case WM_DESTROY:{
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}break;
}
return DefWindowProc (hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
void initD3D(HWND hWnd){
d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));
d3dpp.Windowed = FALSE;
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;
d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH;
d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT;
d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
hWnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&d3dpp,
&d3ddev);
d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZENABLE, TRUE);
d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE);
d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_WIREFRAME);
}
void setVertices(void){
d3ddev->CreateVertexBuffer(8*sizeof(ColorVertex),
0,
0,
D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
&v_buffer,
NULL);
ColorVertex* cube = 0;
v_buffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&cube, 0);
cube[0] = ColorVertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
cube[1] = ColorVertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
cube[2] = ColorVertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
cube[3] = ColorVertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
cube[4] = ColorVertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
cube[5] = ColorVertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
cube[6] = ColorVertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
cube[7] = ColorVertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
v_buffer->Unlock();
d3ddev->CreateIndexBuffer(12*3*sizeof(WORD),
0,
D3DFMT_INDEX16,
D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
&i_buffer,
NULL);
WORD* k = 0;
i_buffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&k, 0);
k[0] = 0; k[1] = 1; k[2] = 2;
k[3] = 0; k[4] = 2; k[5] = 3;
// Back face.
k[6] = 4; k[7] = 6; k[8] = 5;
k[9] = 4; k[10] = 7; k[11] = 6;
// Left face.
k[12] = 4; k[13] = 5; k[14] = 1;
k[15] = 4; k[16] = 1; k[17] = 0;
// Right face.
k[18] = 3; k[19] = 2; k[20] = 6;
k[21] = 3; k[22] = 6; k[23] = 7;
// Top face.
k[24] = 1; k[25] = 5; k[26] = 6;
k[27] = 1; k[28] = 6; k[29] = 2;
// Bottom face.
k[30] = 4; k[31] = 0; k[32] = 3;
k[33] = 4; k[34] = 3; k[35] = 7;
i_buffer->Unlock();
}
void render_frame(void){
d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), 1.0f, 0);
d3ddev->BeginScene();
d3ddev->SetStreamSource(0, v_buffer, 0, sizeof(ColorVertex));
d3ddev->SetIndices(i_buffer);
D3DXMATRIX matView;
D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&matView,
&D3DXVECTOR3 (0.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f),// the camera position
&D3DXVECTOR3 (0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), // the look-at position
&D3DXVECTOR3 (0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));// the up direction
d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &matView);
D3DXMATRIX matProjection;
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&matProjection,
D3DXToRadian(90),
(FLOAT)SCREEN_WIDTH / (FLOAT)SCREEN_HEIGHT,
1.0f,// the near view-plane
5000.0f);// the far view-plane
d3ddev->SetVertexDeclaration(ColorVertex::Decl);
d3ddev->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, 8, 0, 12);
fontColor = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(255,0,0,255);
RECT rct;
rct.left=10;
rct.right=SCREEN_WIDTH-10;
rct.top=10;
rct.bottom=rct.top+20;
//WCHAR lookAtPos [32000];
//swprintf_s(lookAtPos, 32000, L"X=%f, Z=%f, Y=%f", camDirX, camDirZ, camDirY);
m_font->DrawText(NULL, L"Hello World", -1, &rct, 0, fontColor );
d3ddev->EndScene();
d3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}
void cleanD3D(void){
d3ddev->Release();
d3d->Release();
i_buffer->Release();
v_buffer->Release();
ColorVertex::Decl->Release();
}