c - 使用 cmake 链接外部 cblas 存档库

Question

我在我的 Linux Fedora 环境中下载并构建（似乎正确）相关的 BLAS 和 CBLAS 库（来自 netlib.org/blas）。结果是blas_LINUX.a我重命名libblas.a并复制到\usr\local\lib的文件，以及复制到的cblas.h文件\usr\include。我随后尝试CMakeList.txt在 CLion 项目的文件中引用它。该文件如下：

project(test C)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)

set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)

include_directories(include)

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} src/main.c)

find_library(blas libblas.a /usr/local/lib)
MESSAGE(STATUS "CBLAS location is: " ${blas})

target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${blas})

根据重新加载时 cmake 产生的消息，cblas 库似乎很好。但是，当我尝试运行我的应用程序时，我收到以下链接器错误消息：

undefined reference to `cblas_dgemm`

以下是我的main.c文件的内容

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <cblas.h>

int main(int arg, char *args[]) {

  .
  .
  .

    printf("Processing cblas_dgemm matrix multiplication.\n");
    cblas_dgemm(CblasRowMajor, CblasNoTrans, CblasNoTrans, N, N, N, alpha, A[0], N, B[0], N, beta, C[0], N);

  .
  .
  .
    return 0;
}

我不完全确定我在哪里出错了。我是使用 cmake 的新手，我在网上搜索时绕着圈子试图找出问题所在。任何朝着正确方向的指针都会受到极大的欢迎和赞赏。

修正（CMakeOutput.txt如下）

The system is: Linux - 5.4.8-200.fc31.x86_64 - x86_64
Compiling the C compiler identification source file "CMakeCCompilerId.c" succeeded.
Compiler: /usr/bin/cc 
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
0


Compilation of the C compiler identification source "CMakeCCompilerId.c" produced "a.out"

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    arg [-plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc] ==> ignore
    arg [-plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s] ==> ignore
    arg [--build-id] ==> ignore
    arg [--no-add-needed] ==> ignore
    arg [--eh-frame-hdr] ==> ignore
    arg [--hash-style=gnu] ==> ignore
    arg [-m] ==> ignore
    arg [elf_x86_64] ==> ignore
    arg [-export-dynamic] ==> ignore
    arg [-dynamic-linker] ==> ignore
    arg [/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2] ==> ignore
    arg [-o] ==> ignore
    arg [cmTC_8e81c] ==> ignore
    arg [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/../../../../lib64/crt1.o] ==> ignore
    arg [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/../../../../lib64/crti.o] ==> ignore
    arg [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/crtbegin.o] ==> ignore
    arg [-L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9] ==> dir [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9]
    arg [-L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/../../../../lib64] ==> dir [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/../../../../lib64]
    arg [-L/lib/../lib64] ==> dir [/lib/../lib64]
    arg [-L/usr/lib/../lib64] ==> dir [/usr/lib/../lib64]
    arg [-L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/../../..] ==> dir [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/../../..]
    arg [CMakeFiles/cmTC_8e81c.dir/CMakeCCompilerABI.c.o] ==> ignore
    arg [-lgcc] ==> lib [gcc]
    arg [--push-state] ==> ignore
    arg [--as-needed] ==> ignore
    arg [-lgcc_s] ==> lib [gcc_s]
    arg [--pop-state] ==> ignore
    arg [-lc] ==> lib [c]
    arg [-lgcc] ==> lib [gcc]
    arg [--push-state] ==> ignore
    arg [--as-needed] ==> ignore
    arg [-lgcc_s] ==> lib [gcc_s]
    arg [--pop-state] ==> ignore
    arg [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/crtend.o] ==> ignore
    arg [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/../../../../lib64/crtn.o] ==> ignore
  collapse library dir [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9] ==> [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9]
  collapse library dir [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/../../../../lib64] ==> [/usr/lib64]
  collapse library dir [/lib/../lib64] ==> [/lib64]
  collapse library dir [/usr/lib/../lib64] ==> [/usr/lib64]
  collapse library dir [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/../../..] ==> [/usr/lib]
  implicit libs: [gcc;gcc_s;c;gcc;gcc_s]
  implicit dirs: [/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9;/usr/lib64;/lib64;/usr/lib]
  implicit fwks: []

score 0 · Accepted Answer

这里有很多可能出错的地方，但为了简化：

将 libblas.a 复制到与您的程序相同的目录中
在 makefile 中明确引用它。
检查以查看输出中 CBLAS 的位置（未显示）
验证 libblas.a 的权限，并查看使用的符号nm
强制 CMake 静态链接所有内容（例如这里的静态链接问题

您的症状表明您在编译时选择了其他一些 blas 库，而不是在运行时。

score 0 · Accepted Answer

我不知道你究竟是如何生成你的libblas.a，但你可以看看FindBLASCMake 指令。（注意有关 C/C++ 的注释）

https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.14/module/FindBLAS.html

score 0 · Accepted Answer

按照建议，您的 CMakeLists.txt 应该具有如下所示的内容FindBLAS：

include(FindBLAS)

if (BLAS_FOUND)
    target_compile_options(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${BLAS_LINKER_FLAGS})
    target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${BLAS_LIBRARIES})
endif ()

score 0 · Accepted Answer

看起来动态链接器找不到共享库。

您可以使用 ldd 检查动态依赖项

查看 /bin/ls 的依赖关系的示例

ldd /bin/ls
             linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffcc3563000)
             libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007f87e5459000)
             libcap.so.2 => /lib64/libcap.so.2 (0x00007f87e5254000)
             libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f87e4e92000)
             libpcre.so.1 => /lib64/libpcre.so.1 (0x00007f87e4c22000)
             libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f87e4a1e000)
             /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00005574bf12e000)
             libattr.so.1 => /lib64/libattr.so.1 (0x00007f87e4817000)
             libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f87e45fa000)

确保 .so 文件存在于指定的路径中。

ldd 手册页

c - 使用 cmake 链接外部 cblas 存档库

4 回答 4

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