正如我从“Erlang and OTP in action”一书中了解到的那样，行为一词是指：
- 行为接口，它是一组函数；
- 行为实现，它是特定于应用程序的代码（回调模块）；
- 行为容器，它是一个过程。
问题：
Erlang/OTP 初学者应该了解哪些行为？是否可以概括地描述和理解 OTP 行为的概念？
在 Elang/OTP 的上下文中，“回调函数”实际上意味着什么？
我们可以将行为实现中的回调视为 Java 中重写的方法吗？
这本书说，以下代码中库函数“gen_server:start_link/4”的关联回调函数是“Module:init/1”。
这是否意味着使用 init/1 我们调用 gen_server:start_link/4 库函数？或者这意味着什么？
-module(tr_server).
-behaviour(gen_server).
-include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl").
%% API
-export([
start_link/1,
start_link/0,
get_count/0,
stop/0
]).
%% gen_server callbacks
-export([init/1, handle_call/3, handle_cast/2, handle_info/2,
terminate/2, code_change/3]).
-define(SERVER, ?MODULE).
-define(DEFAULT_PORT, 1055).
-record(state, {port, lsock, request_count = 0}).
%%%===================================================================
%%% API
%%%===================================================================
%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%% @doc Starts the server.
%%
%% @spec start_link(Port::integer()) -> {ok, Pid}
%% where
%% Pid = pid()
%% @end
%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
start_link(Port) ->
gen_server:start_link({local, ?SERVER}, ?MODULE, [Port], []).
%% @spec start_link() -> {ok, Pid}
%% @doc Calls `start_link(Port)' using the default port.
s tart_link() ->
start_link(?DEFAULT_PORT).
%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%% @doc Fetches the number of requests made to this server.
%% @spec get_count() -> {ok, Count}
%% where
%% Count = integer()
%% @end
%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
get_count() ->
gen_server:call(?SERVER, get_count).
%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%% @doc Stops the server.
%% @spec stop() -> ok
%% @end
%%--------------------------------------------------------------------
stop() ->
gen_server:cast(?SERVER, stop).
%%%===================================================================
%%% gen_server callbacks
%%%===================================================================
init([Port]) ->
{ok, LSock} = gen_tcp:listen(Port, [{active, true}]),
{ok, #state{port = Port, lsock = LSock}, 0}.
handle_call(get_count, _From, State) ->
{reply, {ok, State#state.request_count}, State}.
handle_cast(stop, State) ->
{stop, normal, State}.
handle_info({tcp, Socket, RawData}, State) ->
do_rpc(Socket, RawData),
RequestCount = State#state.request_count,
{noreply, State#state{request_count = RequestCount + 1}};
handle_info(timeout, #state{lsock = LSock} = State) ->
{ok, _Sock} = gen_tcp:accept(LSock),
{noreply, State}.
terminate(_Reason, _State) ->
ok.
code_change(_OldVsn, State, _Extra) ->
{ok, State}.
%%%===================================================================
%%% Internal functions
%%%===================================================================
do_rpc(Socket, RawData) ->
try
{M, F, A} = split_out_mfa(RawData),
Result = apply(M, F, A),
gen_tcp:send(Socket, io_lib:fwrite("~p~n", [Result]))
catch
_Class:Err ->
gen_tcp:send(Socket, io_lib:fwrite("~p~n", [Err]))
end.
split_out_mfa(RawData) ->
MFA = re:replace(RawData, "\r\n$", "", [{return, list}]),
{match, [M, F, A]} =
re:run(MFA,
"(.*):(.*)\s*\\((.*)\s*\\)\s*.\s*$",
[{capture, [1,2,3], list}, ungreedy]),
{list_to_atom(M), list_to_atom(F), args_to_terms(A)}.
args_to_terms(RawArgs) ->
{ok, Toks, _Line} = erl_scan:string("[" ++ RawArgs ++ "]. ", 1),
{ok, Args} = erl_parse:parse_term(Toks),
Args.
%% test
start_test() ->
{ok, _} = tr_server:start_link(1055).