在使用 Java 12 开发基于 SSL（非 HTTP）的服务器时，我遇到了让服务器和客户端一起交谈的意外困难。连接总是因 handshake_failure 错误而中断。经过大量努力（最初我是在证明我的证书有罪），我能够隔离问题，这要归功于套接字级别的 HelloWorld SSL 客户端/服务器对：握手失败是由启用的协议中存在 TLSv1.3 引起的默认情况下在 JDK 中。
到目前为止，我避免握手错误的解决方案是完全禁用 TLSv1.3（服务器端），但我对这个解决方案并不满意。我想了解发生了什么（假设它不是 JDK 或系统中的错误，而是我的应用程序或环境中的错误）。
我在下面提供了一些代码。谁能检查并告诉我我做错了什么？谢谢和最好的问候。
这是我的配置：OSX 10.14 (Mojave) 我已经使用以下 Java 版本进行了测试：
编辑：我在测试中添加了 Java 11，这个版本也出现了问题
- Java 8 (oracle64-1.8.0.181)：没有握手失败
- Java 10 (oracle64-10.0.2 2018-07-17)：没有握手失败
- Java 11（openjdk 版本“11.0.4”2019-07-16）：握手失败
- Java 12 (oracle64-12.0.1 2019-04-16)：握手失败
- Java 12（openjdk 12.0.2 2019-07-16）：握手失败
// HelloSSLServer.java
import java.net.*;
import javax.net.*;
import javax.net.ssl.*;
import java.io.*;
public class HelloSSLServer {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
int port = 1234;
boolean needClientAuth = false;
ServerSocketFactory factory = SSLServerSocketFactory.getDefault();
try (ServerSocket ss = factory.createServerSocket(port)) {
SSLServerSocket ssl = (SSLServerSocket) ss;
ssl.setNeedClientAuth(needClientAuth);
ssl.setEnabledProtocols(new String[] { "TLSv1.2" }); // fails with TLSv1.3 (or with the default, i.e. no call)
while (true) {
try (Socket socket = ss.accept()) {
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
out.println("Hello World!");
}
}
}
}
}
// HelloSSLClient.java
import java.net.*;
import javax.net.*;
import javax.net.ssl.*;
import java.io.*;
public class HelloSSLClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
String host = "localhost";
int port = 1234;
SocketFactory factory = SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();
try (Socket connection = factory.createSocket(host, port)) {
SSLSocket ssl = (SSLSocket) connection;
SSLParameters sslParams = new SSLParameters();
sslParams.setEndpointIdentificationAlgorithm("HTTPS");
ssl.setSSLParameters(sslParams);
BufferedReader input =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
String message = input.readLine();
System.out.println("Got the message: " + message);
}
}
}
（在服务器的密钥库和客户端的信任库中也需要服务器的证书来测试任何 SSL 应用程序）
这是结果（发生错误时）：
$ java -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=serverkeystore.ks -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=xxxxxxx HelloSSLServer
$ java -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=clienttruststore.ks -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=xxxxxx HelloSSLClient
Exception in thread "main" javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.Alert.createSSLException(Alert.java:131)
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.Alert.createSSLException(Alert.java:117)
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.TransportContext.fatal(TransportContext.java:307)
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.Alert$AlertConsumer.consume(Alert.java:285)
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.TransportContext.dispatch(TransportContext.java:180)
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.SSLTransport.decode(SSLTransport.java:164)
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.decode(SSLSocketImpl.java:1180)
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readHandshakeRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:1091)
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:402)
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.ensureNegotiated(SSLSocketImpl.java:721)
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl$AppInputStream.read(SSLSocketImpl.java:804)
at java.base/sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:284)
at java.base/sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:326)
at java.base/sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
at java.base/java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:185)
at java.base/java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
at java.base/java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:326)
at java.base/java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:392)
at HelloSSLClient.main(HelloSSLClient.java:21)
正如@SvetlinZarev 和@user207421 所建议的，这里有一些启用了-Djavax.net.debug=ssl:handshake 的输出片段。由于代码在强制使用 TLSv1.2 协议时有效，因此更有趣的是看看当一个人简单地使用默认值时发生了什么（对 ssl.setEnabledProtocols 的调用已注释掉）：
注意：该项目是个人的和实验性的，服务器的证书是假的，自签名的，并添加到客户端的信任库（密钥库和信任库也是虚拟的），无论如何都会公开，所以我不害怕发布任何敏感的信息
从客户端：
java -Djavax.net.debug=ssl:handshake -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=clienttruststore.ks -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=xxxxxxxxx HelloSSLClient
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.229 CEST|SSLCipher.java:463|jdk.tls.keyLimits: entry = AES/GCM/NoPadding KeyUpdate 2^37. AES/GCM/NOPADDING:KEYUPDATE = 137438953472
javax.net.ssl|WARNING|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.451 CEST|ServerNameExtension.java:261|Unable to indicate server name
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.451 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:257|Ignore, context unavailable extension: server_name
javax.net.ssl|WARNING|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.455 CEST|SignatureScheme.java:282|Signature algorithm, ed25519, is not supported by the underlying providers
javax.net.ssl|WARNING|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.455 CEST|SignatureScheme.java:282|Signature algorithm, ed448, is not supported by the underlying providers
javax.net.ssl|INFO|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.459 CEST|AlpnExtension.java:161|No available application protocols
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.460 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:257|Ignore, context unavailable extension: application_layer_protocol_negotiation
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.460 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:257|Ignore, context unavailable extension: cookie
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.477 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:257|Ignore, context unavailable extension: renegotiation_info
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.477 CEST|PreSharedKeyExtension.java:633|No session to resume.
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.478 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:257|Ignore, context unavailable extension: pre_shared_key
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.482 CEST|ClientHello.java:653|Produced ClientHello handshake message (
"ClientHello": {
"client version" : "TLSv1.2",
"random" : "8D 95 FA BE D8 F4 BC AC E6 15 36 FE FE A2 57 C4 DD EF F6 53 B8 54 1D 4A ED AE C6 0A CD 92 E0 A4",
"session id" : "CC EE 0F 29 F8 9A 3B 72 61 61 99 46 AA 69 CF 23 4F E9 05 13 2A 52 B8 1D 34 18 FA DF 26 1B 46 87",
"cipher suites" : "[TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256(0x1301), TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384(0x1302), TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256(0x1303), TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384(0xC02C), TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256(0xC02B), TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256(0xCCA9), TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256(0x0040),
[...]
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA(0xC00E), TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA(0x0033), TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA(0x0032), TLS_EMPTY_RENEGOTIATION_INFO_SCSV(0x00FF)]",
[...]
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.528 CEST|ServerHello.java:871|Consuming ServerHello handshake message (
"ServerHello": {
"server version" : "TLSv1.2",
"random" : "B5 27 FE 28 29 85 AC 1A C4 62 57 28 45 12 63 BA 4D CC 4B E0 02 A4 A9 7A ED 9F A3 8D A6 98 85 BE",
"session id" : "CC EE 0F 29 F8 9A 3B 72 61 61 99 46 AA 69 CF 23 4F E9 05 13 2A 52 B8 1D 34 18 FA DF 26 1B 46 87",
"cipher suite" : "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256(0x1301)",
"compression methods" : "00",
"extensions" : [
"supported_versions (43)": {
"selected version": [TLSv1.3]
},
"key_share (51)": {
"server_share": {
[...]
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.528 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:189|Consumed extension: supported_versions
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.529 CEST|ServerHello.java:967|Negotiated protocol version: TLSv1.3
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.530 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:160|Ignore unsupported extension: server_name
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.530 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:160|Ignore unsupported extension: max_fragment_length
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.530 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:160|Ignore unsupported extension: status_request
[...]
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.582 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:170|Ignore unavailable extension: server_name
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.582 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:170|Ignore unavailable extension: max_fragment_length
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.583 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:189|Consumed extension: supported_groups
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.583 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:204|Ignore unavailable extension: server_name
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.583 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:204|Ignore unavailable extension: max_fragment_length
javax.net.ssl|WARNING|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.583 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:212|Ignore impact of unsupported extension: supported_groups
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.583 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:204|Ignore unavailable extension: application_layer_protocol_negotiation
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.585 CEST|Alert.java:238|Received alert message (
"Alert": {
"level" : "fatal",
"description": "handshake_failure"
}
)
javax.net.ssl|ERROR|01|main|2019-08-22 09:54:22.586 CEST|TransportContext.java:312|Fatal (HANDSHAKE_FAILURE): Received fatal alert: handshake_failure (
"throwable" : {
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.Alert.createSSLException(Alert.java:131)
这是服务器端：
java -Djavax.net.debug=ssl,handshake -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=serverkeystore.ks -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=xxxxxxxxx HelloSSLServer
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:55.869 CEST|SSLCipher.java:463|jdk.tls.keyLimits: entry = AES/GCM/NoPadding KeyUpdate 2^37. AES/GCM/NOPADDING:KEYUPDATE = 137438953472
javax.net.ssl|WARNING|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.697 CEST|SignatureScheme.java:282|Signature algorithm, ed25519, is not supported by the underlying providers
javax.net.ssl|WARNING|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.698 CEST|SignatureScheme.java:282|Signature algorithm, ed448, is not supported by the underlying providers
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.704 CEST|ClientHello.java:809|Consuming ClientHello handshake message (
"ClientHello": {
"client version" : "TLSv1.2",
"random" : "0D E6 53 8A B0 E4 E7 9A 80 93 49 84 AD 88 0A 5F D5 7F 29 37 C3 86 A7 28 A7 D9 C6 7D EB DF 6A 3D",
"session id" : "5B 9A 18 25 31 65 8C 8F E8 E6 93 DA F5 AA 50 45 A8 C9 20 D1 9D 67 35 9B 7B D3 46 D5 CA C0 FC 85",
"cipher suites" : "[TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256(0x1301), TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384(0x1302), TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256(0x1303), TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384(0xC02C), TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256(0xC02B),
[...]
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA(0x0032), TLS_EMPTY_RENEGOTIATION_INFO_SCSV(0x00FF)]",
"compression methods" : "00",
"extensions" : [
"status_request (5)": {
"certificate status type": ocsp
"OCSP status request": {
"responder_id": <empty>
"request extensions": {
<empty>
}
}
},
"supported_groups (10)": {
"versions": [secp256r1, secp384r1, secp521r1, sect283k1, sect283r1, sect409k1, sect409r1, sect571k1, sect571r1, secp256k1, ffdhe2048, ffdhe3072, ffdhe4096, ffdhe6144, ffdhe8192]
},
"ec_point_formats (11)": {
"formats": [uncompressed]
},
"signature_algorithms (13)": {
"signature schemes": [ecdsa_secp256r1_sha256, ecdsa_secp384r1_sha384, ecdsa_secp521r1_sha512, rsa_pss_rsae_sha256, rsa_pss_rsae_sha384, rsa_pss_rsae_sha512, rsa_pss_pss_sha256, rsa_pss_pss_sha384, rsa_pss_pss_sha512, rsa_pkcs1_sha256, rsa_pkcs1_sha384, rsa_pkcs1_sha512, dsa_sha256, ecdsa_sha224, rsa_sha224, dsa_sha224, ecdsa_sha1, rsa_pkcs1_sha1, dsa_sha1]
},
"signature_algorithms_cert (50)": {
"signature schemes": [ecdsa_secp256r1_sha256, ecdsa_secp384r1_sha384, ecdsa_secp521r1_sha512, rsa_pss_rsae_sha256, rsa_pss_rsae_sha384, rsa_pss_rsae_sha512, rsa_pss_pss_sha256, rsa_pss_pss_sha384, rsa_pss_pss_sha512, rsa_pkcs1_sha256, rsa_pkcs1_sha384, rsa_pkcs1_sha512, dsa_sha256, ecdsa_sha224, rsa_sha224, dsa_sha224, ecdsa_sha1, rsa_pkcs1_sha1, dsa_sha1]
},
[...]
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.704 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:189|Consumed extension: supported_versions
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.705 CEST|ClientHello.java:839|Negotiated protocol version: TLSv1.3
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.705 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:189|Consumed extension: psk_key_exchange_modes
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.706 CEST|PreSharedKeyExtension.java:805|Handling pre_shared_key absence.
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.706 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:170|Ignore unavailable extension: server_name
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.706 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:170|Ignore unavailable extension: max_fragment_length
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.706 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:189|Consumed extension: status_request
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.707 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:189|Consumed extension: supported_groups
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.707 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:160|Ignore unsupported extension: ec_point_formats
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.707 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:189|Consumed extension: signature_algorithms
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.707 CEST|SSLExtensions.java:189|Consumed extension: signature_algorithms_cert
[...]
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.739 CEST|ServerHello.java:576|Produced ServerHello handshake message (
"ServerHello": {
"server version" : "TLSv1.2",
"random" : "FD FD 39 0C 3A D8 F0 E8 38 F8 08 D8 19 94 7A FA 4A 68 71 F8 4C 32 EB 7A D0 53 96 E5 9F E8 0A 3B",
"session id" : "5B 9A 18 25 31 65 8C 8F E8 E6 93 DA F5 AA 50 45 A8 C9 20 D1 9D 67 35 9B 7B D3 46 D5 CA C0 FC 85",
"cipher suite" : "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256(0x1301)",
"compression methods" : "00",
"extensions" : [
"supported_versions (43)": {
"selected version": [TLSv1.3]
},
"key_share (51)": {
"server_share": {
[...]
javax.net.ssl|ALL|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.785 CEST|X509Authentication.java:243|No X.509 cert selected for EC
javax.net.ssl|WARNING|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.785 CEST|CertificateMessage.java:1055|Unavailable authentication scheme: ecdsa_sha1
javax.net.ssl|ALL|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.785 CEST|X509Authentication.java:243|No X.509 cert selected for RSA
javax.net.ssl|WARNING|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.785 CEST|CertificateMessage.java:1055|Unavailable authentication scheme: rsa_pkcs1_sha1
javax.net.ssl|WARNING|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.785 CEST|CertificateMessage.java:1065|No available authentication scheme
javax.net.ssl|ERROR|01|main|2019-08-22 12:23:59.788 CEST|TransportContext.java:312|Fatal (HANDSHAKE_FAILURE): No available authentication scheme (
"throwable" : {
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: No available authentication scheme
at java.base/sun.security.ssl.Alert.createSSLException(Alert.java:131)
[...]