有人可以举例说明如何使用NSCache
缓存字符串吗?或者任何人都有一个很好的解释的链接?好像找不到啊。。
5 回答
您使用它的方式与使用NSMutableDictionary
. 不同之处在于,当NSCache
检测到内存压力过大(即缓存太多值)时,它将释放其中一些值以腾出空间。
如果您可以在运行时重新创建这些值(通过从 Internet 下载、进行计算等),那么NSCache
可能会满足您的需求。如果无法重新创建数据(例如,它是用户输入、时间敏感等),那么您不应该将其存储在 an 中,NSCache
因为它将在那里被销毁。
例如,不考虑线程安全:
// Your cache should have a lifetime beyond the method or handful of methods
// that use it. For example, you could make it a field of your application
// delegate, or of your view controller, or something like that. Up to you.
NSCache *myCache = ...;
NSAssert(myCache != nil, @"cache object is missing");
// Try to get the existing object out of the cache, if it's there.
Widget *myWidget = [myCache objectForKey: @"Important Widget"];
if (!myWidget) {
// It's not in the cache yet, or has been removed. We have to
// create it. Presumably, creation is an expensive operation,
// which is why we cache the results. If creation is cheap, we
// probably don't need to bother caching it. That's a design
// decision you'll have to make yourself.
myWidget = [[[Widget alloc] initExpensively] autorelease];
// Put it in the cache. It will stay there as long as the OS
// has room for it. It may be removed at any time, however,
// at which point we'll have to create it again on next use.
[myCache setObject: myWidget forKey: @"Important Widget"];
}
// myWidget should exist now either way. Use it here.
if (myWidget) {
[myWidget runOrWhatever];
}
@implementation ViewController
{
NSCache *imagesCache;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
imagesCache = [[NSCache alloc] init];
}
// How to save and retrieve NSData into NSCache
NSData *imageData = [imagesCache objectForKey:@"KEY"];
[imagesCache setObject:imageData forKey:@"KEY"];
在 Swift 中使用 NSCache 缓存字符串的示例代码:
var cache = NSCache()
cache.setObject("String for key 1", forKey: "Key1")
var result = cache.objectForKey("Key1") as String
println(result) // Prints "String for key 1"
要创建单个应用程序范围的 NSCache 实例(单例),您可以轻松扩展 NSCache 以添加 sharedInstance 属性。只需将以下代码放入名为 NSCache+Singleton.swift 之类的文件中:
import Foundation
extension NSCache {
class var sharedInstance : NSCache {
struct Static {
static let instance : NSCache = NSCache()
}
return Static.instance
}
}
然后,您可以在应用程序的任何位置使用缓存:
NSCache.sharedInstance.setObject("String for key 2", forKey: "Key2")
var result2 = NSCache.sharedInstance.objectForKey("Key2") as String
println(result2) // Prints "String for key 2"
示例项目将示例项目 中的 CacheController.h 和 .m 文件添加到您的项目中。在要缓存数据的类中,输入以下代码。
[[CacheController storeInstance] setCache:@"object" forKey:@"objectforkey" ];
您可以使用此设置任何对象
[[CacheController storeInstance] getCacheForKey:@"objectforkey" ];
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重要提示: NSCache 类包含各种自动删除策略。如果您想永久缓存数据,或者您想在特定时间删除缓存的数据, 请参阅此答案。
缓存的对象不应该实现 NSDiscardableContent 协议吗?
来自 NSCache 类参考:存储在 NSCache 对象中的常见数据类型是实现 NSDiscardableContent 协议的对象。将这种类型的对象存储在缓存中是有好处的,因为它的内容可以在不再需要时丢弃,从而节省内存。默认情况下,如果缓存中的 NSDiscardableContent 对象的内容被丢弃,则会自动从缓存中删除,尽管可以更改此自动删除策略。如果一个 NSDiscardableContent 对象被放入缓存,缓存会在它被移除时调用discardContentIfPossible。