2

我正在尝试根据这个 SO answer在 Python 中实现IVirtualDesktopManager 接口（希望之后是 IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal） ，但我被卡住了。

编辑：我想要一个 Python 中的工作示例，它至少会引导我实现 IsWindowOnCurrentVirtualDesktop 方法 - 当 hwnd 传递给它时，它应该返回一个布尔值。

使用 pywin32 我可以在这个过程中达到某个点，但我不确定我是否可以在纯 Python 中做到这一点，也不知道如何继续：

# bypythoncom.py
import pythoncom
import pywintypes

"""IServiceProvider* pServiceProvider = NULL;
HRESULT hr = ::CoCreateInstance(
    CLSID_ImmersiveShell, NULL, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
    __uuidof(IServiceProvider), (PVOID*)&pServiceProvider);"""

CLSID_ImmersiveShell = pywintypes.IID("{C2F03A33-21F5-47FA-B4BB-156362A2F239}")

provider = pythoncom.CoCreateInstance(
    CLSID_ImmersiveShell,
    None,
    pythoncom.CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
    pythoncom.IID_IServiceProvider,
)
print(provider)

"""if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
    IVirtualDesktopManager *pDesktopManager = NULL;
    hr = pServiceProvider->QueryService(__uuidof(IVirtualDesktopManager), &pDesktopManager);

    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        BOOL bIsOnCurrentDesktop = FALSE;
        hr = pDesktopManager->IsWindowOnCurrentVirtualDesktop(hWnd, &bIsOnCurrentDesktop);

        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            // use bIsOnCurrentDesktop as needed...
        }

        pDesktopManager->Release();
    }

    pServiceProvider->Release();
}
"""

manager = provider.QueryService(
    pywintypes.IID("{a5cd92ff-29be-454c-8d04-d82879fb3f1b}"),
    pythoncom.IID_IUnknown,
)
print(manager)

# C:\dev\examples\desktops>python bypythoncom.py
# <PyIServiceProvider at 0x002A7170 with obj at 0x001C256C>
# <PyIUnknown at 0x002A7188 with obj at 0x002AB2F4>

使用 comtypes 我不知道用什么作为interfaceQueryService 的参数：

# bycomtypes.py
import comtypes
import comtypes.client
from comtypes.GUID import GUID

clsid = GUID("{C2F03A33-21F5-47FA-B4BB-156362A2F239}")  # CLSID_ImmersiveShell

service_provider = comtypes.client.CreateObject(clsid, interface=comtypes.IServiceProvider)
print(service_provider)

iid = GUID("{A5CD92FF-29BE-454C-8D04-D82879FB3F1B}") # IID_IVirtualDesktopManager

manager = service_provider.QueryService(
    iid, interface
)

# C:\dev\examples\desktops>python bycomtypes.py
# <POINTER(IServiceProvider) ptr=0xbd8d04 at 30c8e90>

我不太确定在获得提供者后我应该做什么，IUnknown只QueryInterface暴露了方法，这是另一个 ctypes 和 comtypes 尝试：

import ctypes
from comtypes import IUnknown, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER
from comtypes.GUID import GUID

ole32 = ctypes.windll.ole32
# ole32.CoInitialize(None)

CLSID_ImmersiveShell = GUID("{C2F03A33-21F5-47FA-B4BB-156362A2F239}")
IID_IServiceProvider = GUID("{6D5140C1-7436-11CE-8034-00AA006009FA}")

provider = ctypes.POINTER(IUnknown)()
ole32.CoCreateInstance(
    ctypes.byref(CLSID_ImmersiveShell),
    None,
    CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
    ctypes.byref(IID_IServiceProvider),
    ctypes.byref(provider),
)
print(provider)

IID_IVirtualDesktopManager = GUID("{A5CD92FF-29BE-454C-8D04-D82879FB3F1B}")
instance = provider.QueryInterface(IUnknown, IID_IVirtualDesktopManager)

# C:\dev\examples\desktops>python byctypes.py
# <POINTER(IUnknown) ptr=0x8b294 at 8a26c0>
# Traceback (most recent call last):
#   File "another.py", line 22, in <module>
#     instance = provider.QueryInterface(IUnknown, IID_IVirtualDesktopManager)
#   File "C:\dev\venvs\project\lib\site-packages\comtypes\__init__.py", line 1158, in QueryInterface
#     self.__com_QueryInterface(byref(iid), byref(p))
# _ctypes.COMError: (-2147467262, 'No such interface supported', (None, None, None, 0, None))

Edit2：我更改了最后一个示例，因此它揭示了@Baget 所指的内容。comtypes.IUnknown 的 QueryInterface 在 Python 中的实际实现的摘录是：

def QueryInterface(self, interface, iid=None):
    "QueryInterface(interface) -> instance"
    p = POINTER(interface)()
    if iid is None:
        iid = interface._iid_

如果有人提示如何执行此操作或链接我可能遵循的一些实现来完成这项工作，我将不胜感激。

4

2 回答 2

4

您可以从下面的代码中获取灵感来编写自己的代码

https://github.com/DanEdens/Virtual_Desktops_Plugin/上的原作者的所有学分

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# This file is a plugin for EventGhost.
# Copyright © 2005-2019 EventGhost Project <http://www.eventghost.net/>
#
# EventGhost is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
# the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# EventGhost is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
# more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with EventGhost. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

u"""
    Name: VirtualDesktops
    Author: Kgschlosser
    Version: 0.1
    Description: Creates events based on Virtual desktop interactions.
    GUID: {5DFFBD61-7582-4D6F-8EA9-9CB36284C9CF}
    URL: http://eventghost.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=10&p=53389#p53389
"""
import eg

eg.RegisterPlugin(
    name = "Virtual Desktops",
    author = "Kgschlosser",
    version = "0.0.004",
    guid = "{C2F03A33-21F5-47FA-B4BB-156362A2F239}",
    canMultiLoad = False,
    url = "http://eventghost.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=10&p=53389#p53389",
    description = "Creates events based on Virtual desktop interactions.",

)


from ctypes.wintypes import HRESULT, HWND, BOOL, POINTER, DWORD, INT, UINT, LPVOID, ULONG

import comtypes
import ctypes
from comtypes import helpstring, COMMETHOD
from comtypes.GUID import GUID

REFGUID = POINTER(GUID)
REFIID = REFGUID
ENUM = INT
IID = GUID
INT32 = ctypes.c_int32
INT64 = ctypes.c_int64

CLSID_ImmersiveShell = GUID(
    '{C2F03A33-21F5-47FA-B4BB-156362A2F239}'
)

CLSID_IVirtualNotificationService = GUID(
    '{A501FDEC-4A09-464C-AE4E-1B9C21B84918}'
)


class HSTRING__(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ('unused', INT),
    ]


HSTRING = POINTER(HSTRING__)


class EventRegistrationToken(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ('value', INT64)
    ]


class AdjacentDesktop(ENUM):
    LeftDirection = 3
    RightDirection = 4


class ApplicationViewOrientation(ENUM):
    ApplicationViewOrientation_Landscape = 0
    ApplicationViewOrientation_Portrait = 1


class TrustLevel(ENUM):
    BaseTrust = 0
    PartialTrust = BaseTrust + 1
    FullTrust = PartialTrust + 1


IID_IInspectable = GUID(
    '{AF86E2E0-B12D-4C6A-9C5A-D7AA65101E90}'
)


class IInspectable(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _idlflags_ = []
    _iid_ = IID_IInspectable
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetIids')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetIids',
            (['out'], POINTER(ULONG), 'iidCount'),
            (['out'], POINTER(POINTER(IID)), 'iids'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetRuntimeClassName')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetRuntimeClassName',
            (['out'], POINTER(HSTRING), 'className'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetTrustLevel')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetTrustLevel',
            (['out'], POINTER(TrustLevel), 'trustLevel'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IApplicationViewConsolidatedEventArgs = GUID(
    '{514449EC-7EA2-4DE7-A6A6-7DFBAAEBB6FB}'
)


class IApplicationViewConsolidatedEventArgs(IInspectable):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IApplicationViewConsolidatedEventArgs
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_IsUserInitiated')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_IsUserInitiated',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'value'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IApplicationView = GUID(
    '{D222D519-4361-451E-96C4-60F4F9742DB0}'
)


class IApplicationView(IInspectable):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IApplicationView
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_Orientation')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_Orientation',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(ApplicationViewOrientation), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_AdjacentToLeftDisplayEdge')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_AdjacentToLeftDisplayEdge',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_AdjacentToRightDisplayEdge')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_AdjacentToRightDisplayEdge',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_IsFullScreen')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_IsFullScreen',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_IsOnLockScreen')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_IsOnLockScreen',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_IsScreenCaptureEnabled')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_IsScreenCaptureEnabled',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method put_IsScreenCaptureEnabled')],
            HRESULT,
            'put_IsScreenCaptureEnabled',
            (['in'], BOOL, 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method put_Title')],
            HRESULT,
            'put_Title',
            (['in'], HSTRING, 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_Title')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_Title',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(HSTRING), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_Id')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_Id',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(INT32), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method add_Consolidated')],
            HRESULT,
            'add_Consolidated',
            (['in'], POINTER(IApplicationViewConsolidatedEventArgs), 'handler'),
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(EventRegistrationToken), 'token'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method remove_Consolidated')],
            HRESULT,
            'remove_Consolidated',
            (['in', ], EventRegistrationToken, 'EventRegistrationToken'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IServiceProvider = GUID(
    '{6D5140C1-7436-11CE-8034-00AA006009FA}'
)


class IServiceProvider(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _idlflags_ = []
    _iid_ = IID_IServiceProvider
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method QueryService'), 'local', 'in'],
            HRESULT,
            'QueryService',
            (['in'], REFGUID, 'guidService'),
            (['in'], REFIID, 'riid'),
            (['out'], POINTER(LPVOID), 'ppvObject'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IObjectArray = GUID(
    "{92CA9DCD-5622-4BBA-A805-5E9F541BD8C9}"
)


class IObjectArray(comtypes.IUnknown):
    """
    Unknown Object Array
    """
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _idlflags_ = []
    _iid_ = None

    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetCount')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetCount',
            (['out'], POINTER(UINT), 'pcObjects'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetAt')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetAt',
            (['in'], UINT, 'uiIndex'),
            (['in'], REFIID, 'riid'),
            (['out', 'iid_is'], POINTER(LPVOID), 'ppv'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IVirtualDesktop = GUID(
    '{FF72FFDD-BE7E-43FC-9C03-AD81681E88E4}'
)


class IVirtualDesktop(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IVirtualDesktop
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method IsViewVisible')],
            HRESULT,
            'IsViewVisible',
            (['out'], POINTER(IApplicationView), 'pView'),
            (['out'], POINTER(INT), 'pfVisible'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetID')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetID',
            (['out'], POINTER(GUID), 'pGuid'),
        )
    ]


IID_IVirtualDesktopManager = GUID(
    '{A5CD92FF-29BE-454C-8D04-D82879FB3F1B}'
)


class IVirtualDesktopManager(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IVirtualDesktopManager
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method IsWindowOnCurrentVirtualDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'IsWindowOnCurrentVirtualDesktop',
            (['in'], HWND, 'topLevelWindow'),
            (['out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'onCurrentDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetWindowDesktopId')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetWindowDesktopId',
            (['in'], HWND, 'topLevelWindow'),
            (['out'], POINTER(GUID), 'desktopId'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method MoveWindowToDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'MoveWindowToDesktop',
            (['in'], HWND, 'topLevelWindow'),
            (['in'], REFGUID, 'desktopId'),
        ),
    ]


CLSID_VirtualDesktopManagerInternal = GUID(
    '{C5E0CDCA-7B6E-41B2-9FC4-D93975CC467B}'
)

IID_IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal = GUID(
    '{F31574D6-B682-4CDC-BD56-1827860ABEC6}'
)


# IID_IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal = GUID(
#     '{AF8DA486-95BB-4460-B3B7-6E7A6B2962B5}'
# )

# IID_IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal = GUID(
#     '{EF9F1A6C-D3CC-4358-B712-F84B635BEBE7}'
# )

class IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetCount')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetCount',
            (['out'], POINTER(UINT), 'pCount'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method MoveViewToDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'MoveViewToDesktop',
            (['out'], POINTER(IApplicationView), 'pView'),
            (['out'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method CanViewMoveDesktops')],
            HRESULT,
            'CanViewMoveDesktops',
            (['out'], POINTER(IApplicationView), 'pView'),
            (['out'], POINTER(INT), 'pfCanViewMoveDesktops'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetCurrentDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetCurrentDesktop',
            (['out'], POINTER(POINTER(IVirtualDesktop)), 'desktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetDesktops')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetDesktops',
            (['out'], POINTER(POINTER(IObjectArray)), 'ppDesktops'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetAdjacentDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetAdjacentDesktop',
            (['out'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopReference'),
            (['in'], AdjacentDesktop, 'uDirection'),
            (['out'], POINTER(POINTER(IVirtualDesktop)), 'ppAdjacentDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method SwitchDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'SwitchDesktop',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method CreateDesktopW')],
            HRESULT,
            'CreateDesktopW',
            (['out'], POINTER(POINTER(IVirtualDesktop)), 'ppNewDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method RemoveDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'RemoveDesktop',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pRemove'),
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pFallbackDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method FindDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'FindDesktop',
            (['in'], POINTER(GUID), 'desktopId'),
            (['out'], POINTER(POINTER(IVirtualDesktop)), 'ppDesktop'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IVirtualDesktopNotification = GUID(
    '{C179334C-4295-40D3-BEA1-C654D965605A}'
)


class IVirtualDesktopNotification(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IVirtualDesktopNotification
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method VirtualDesktopCreated')],
            HRESULT,
            'VirtualDesktopCreated',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method VirtualDesktopDestroyBegin')],
            HRESULT,
            'VirtualDesktopDestroyBegin',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopDestroyed'),
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopFallback'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method VirtualDesktopDestroyFailed')],
            HRESULT,
            'VirtualDesktopDestroyFailed',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopDestroyed'),
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopFallback'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method VirtualDesktopDestroyed')],
            HRESULT,
            'VirtualDesktopDestroyed',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopDestroyed'),
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopFallback'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method ViewVirtualDesktopChanged')],
            HRESULT,
            'ViewVirtualDesktopChanged',
            (['in'], POINTER(IApplicationView), 'pView'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method CurrentVirtualDesktopChanged')],
            HRESULT,
            'CurrentVirtualDesktopChanged',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopOld'),
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopNew'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IVirtualDesktopNotificationService = GUID('{0CD45E71-D927-4F15-8B0A-8FEF525337BF}')


class IVirtualDesktopNotificationService(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IVirtualDesktopNotificationService
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method Register')],
            HRESULT,
            'Register',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktopNotification), 'pNotification'),
            (['out'], POINTER(DWORD), 'pdwCookie'),
        ),

        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method Unregister')],
            HRESULT,
            'Unregister',
            (['in'], DWORD, 'dwCookie'),
        ),
    ]


comtypes.CoInitialize()

pServiceProvider = comtypes.CoCreateInstance(
    CLSID_ImmersiveShell,
    IServiceProvider,
    comtypes.CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
)

pDesktopManagerInternal = comtypes.cast(
    pServiceProvider.QueryService(
        CLSID_VirtualDesktopManagerInternal,
        IID_IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal
    ),
    ctypes.POINTER(IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal)
)

pObjectArray = POINTER(IObjectArray)()

pDesktopManagerInternal.GetDesktops(ctypes.byref(pObjectArray))

count = UINT()
pObjectArray.GetCount(ctypes.byref(count))

for i in range(count):
    pDesktop = POINTER(IVirtualDesktop)()
    pObjectArray.GetAt(i, IID_IVirtualDesktop, ctypes.byref(pDesktop))

    id = GUID()
    pDesktop.GetID(ctypes.byref(id))

    print(id)
于 2019-07-25T17:17:21.290 回答
0

QueryInterface是检查 COM 对象是否具有所需接口并将其“转换”到新接口的函数

从API中，您可以看到 QueryInterface 接收 GUID 并作为新对象指针的输出参数。

于 2019-07-25T07:35:23.033 回答