emacs - emacs 中有哪些好的自定义键绑定？

Question

Emacs 似乎已经将所有可能的键盘组合随机分布在它的命令中。:p

如果我要定义新的键盘快捷键，我应该把它们放在哪里？我应该使用哪些前缀？

例如：我想为以下功能定义快捷方式：

• 缩进缓冲区（抄送我，在我得到答案后）
• 注释或取消注释区域 (Cc C)
• rdebug（红宝石调试器）（抄送 R）
• rsense-complete（ruby 自动完成）（抄送）

你会把这些放在哪里？为什么？

Answer 1

Emacs 实际上对其绑定有一个非常明确的模式，这个答案显示了一些。

至于你应该在哪里定义键，如果你看一下约定的文档，你会看到C-c a（在哪里a是任何小写或大写字符）是为用户保留的。

另外，如果您要定义一个仅在特定模式下才有意义的键，那么您应该在该键映射中定义它。

例如，M-/is bound to dabbrev-expand，这是一种自动完成您正在输入的单词的便捷方式。改用它可能很有意义rsense-complete，但仅当您使用 ruby​​ 时。在这种情况下，您可以这样做：

(add-hook 'ruby-mode-hook
     (lambda () (define-key ruby-mode-map (kbd "M-/") 'rsense-complete)))

这将M-/仅在您处于 时覆盖绑定ruby-mode，并在其余模式下保持不变（或可用）。

Answer 2

我对此有一种非常规的方法，我强烈推荐。我已将 Cl ('ell') 键重新定义为前缀键，并使用它为我最喜欢的命令添加前缀。这个键很容易输入，它绑定到一个不常用的函数（'recenter）。

好吧，我不经常使用 'recenter，但即使你这样做了，它也可以分配给几乎一样容易键入的 Cl，并且为 Ctrl-L-map 打开的可能性付出很小的代价. （实际上我更喜欢 'redraw-display 到 'recenter，所以我给了它的荣誉。）

我不记得我从哪里得到使它起作用的魔法咒语：

(global-unset-key "\C-l")
(defvar ctl-l-map (make-keymap)
     "Keymap for local bindings and functions, prefixed by (^L)")
(define-key global-map "\C-l" 'Control-L-prefix)
(fset 'Control-L-prefix ctl-l-map)

然后，您可以定义您心中内容的关键。Cl 是为您自己的命令以及未绑定到键或绑定到您不记得或难以键入的键的函数绑定的好地方。以下是标准函数的一些示例绑定：

(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-l"  'redraw-display)
(define-key ctl-l-map "l"  'recenter)

(define-key ctl-l-map "g"  'goto-line)
(define-key ctl-l-map "r"  'replace-string)
(define-key ctl-l-map "R"  'replace-regexp)
(define-key ctl-l-map "q"  'query-replace)
(define-key ctl-l-map "Q"  'query-replace-regexp)
(define-key ctl-l-map "o"  'overwrite-mode)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-w"  'kill-rectangle)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-y"  'yank-rectangle)
(define-key ctl-l-map "h"  'command-history)
(define-key ctl-l-map "w"  'write-region)
(define-key ctl-l-map "r" 'electric-replace-string)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\er" 'replace-string)
(define-key ctl-l-map "T"  'delete-trailing-whitespace)
(define-key ctl-l-map "C"  'describe-char)
(define-key ctl-l-map "W"  'ediff-regions-wordwise)
(define-key ctl-l-map "L"  'ediff-regions-linewise)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-f" 'facemenu-remove-all)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-c" 'calendar)
(define-key ctl-l-map "m"  'not-modified)   ;; already at M-~
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-q" 'fill-region)
(define-key ctl-l-map "u" 'set-buffer-file-coding-system)
(define-key ctl-l-map [?\C-2] 'transient-mark-mode)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-@"  'transient-mark-mode)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-n"  'linum-mode)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-s" 'isearch-forward-regexp)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-r" 'isearch-backward-regexp)a
(define-key ctl-l-map "U" 'browse-url)
(define-key ctl-l-map "F" 'browse-url-of-file)
(define-key ctl-l-map "\C-u" 'undo-only)

Answer 3

默认情况下，C-x h标记整个缓冲区并C-M-\运行indent-region，因此一个接一个地执行这两个将缩进整个缓冲区。

comment-dwim默认情况下已经绑定到M-;，并且可能比comment-or-uncomment-region. （“DWIM”代表“做我的意思”）

为了完成，我建议设置auto-complete-mode，它与 rsense 互操作。自动完成具有所有完成的标准键绑定。

至于 rdebug，我可能只是将它贴在其中一个 F 键上，或者以 为前缀的东西上C-c，因为那是一种指定的“自定义”前缀。也许C-c d是为了“调试”。要确保该键尚未绑定，请转到 ruby​​ 缓冲区并按C-h k，然后按您的组合键，并确保 Emacs 告诉您未定义。

Answer 4

我通常将全局键绑定放在一个单独的文件（我的配置的一部分）中，并将特定于模式的配置放在特定于模式的配置文件中。这样一来，一切都变得精简、紧凑且易于找到。您提到的某些内容（例如注释/取消注释）已经附加了键绑定。我已经使用绑定到标准 CM-\ 缩进键的函数 indent-buffer-or-region（EDT 的一部分）实现了 indent-buffer。对于用户应该为他们的自定义键绑定使用哪些键，有正式的规则，当然也有常识。没有什么是一成不变的。

以下是Emacs Prelude中的一些示例：

;; You know, like Readline.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-M-h") 'backward-kill-word)

;; Align your code in a pretty way.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x \\") 'align-regexp)

;; Perform general cleanup.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c n") 'cleanup-buffer)

;; Font size
(define-key global-map (kbd "C-+") 'text-scale-increase)
(define-key global-map (kbd "C--") 'text-scale-decrease)

;; Jump to a definition in the current file. (This is awesome.)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-i") 'ido-imenu)

;; File finding
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x M-f") 'ido-find-file-other-window)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-M-f") 'find-file-in-project)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x f") 'recentf-ido-find-file)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c r") 'bury-buffer)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-`") 'file-cache-minibuffer-complete)

;; Window switching. (C-x o goes to the next window)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x O") (lambda ()
                                (interactive)
                                (other-window -1))) ;; back one

;; Indentation help
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x ^") 'join-line)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-M-\\") 'indent-region-or-buffer)

;; Start proced in a similar manner to dired
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x p") 'proced)

;; Start eshell or switch to it if it's active.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x m") 'eshell)

;; Start a new eshell even if one is active.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x M") (lambda () (interactive) (eshell t)))

;; Start a regular shell if you prefer that.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x M-m") 'shell)

;; If you want to be able to M-x without meta
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-m") 'execute-extended-command)

;; Fetch the contents at a URL, display it raw.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-h") 'view-url)

;; Help should search more than just commands
(global-set-key (kbd "C-h a") 'apropos)

;; Should be able to eval-and-replace anywhere.
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c e") 'eval-and-replace)

;; Magit rules!
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x g") 'magit-status)

;; Activate occur easily inside isearch
(define-key isearch-mode-map (kbd "C-o")
  (lambda () (interactive)
    (let ((case-fold-search isearch-case-fold-search))
      (occur (if isearch-regexp
                 isearch-string
               (regexp-quote isearch-string))))))

;; cycle through buffers
(global-set-key (kbd "<C-tab>") 'bury-buffer)

;; use hippie-expand instead of dabbrev
(global-set-key (kbd "M-/") 'hippie-expand)

;; spell check Bulgarian text
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c B")
                (lambda()(interactive)
                  (ispell-change-dictionary "bulgarian")
                  (flyspell-buffer)))

;; replace buffer-menu with ibuffer
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-b") 'ibuffer)

;; interactive text replacement
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c C-r") 'iedit-mode)

;; swap windows
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c s") 'swap-windows)

;; duplicate the current line or region
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c d") 'duplicate-current-line-or-region)

;; rename buffer & visited file
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c r") 'rename-file-and-buffer)

;; open an ansi-term buffer
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x t") 'visit-term-buffer)

;; toggle input method
(global-set-key (kbd "C-\\") 'toggle-bulgarian-input-method)

;; search with google
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c g") 'google)

;; toggle menu-bar visibility
(global-set-key (kbd "<f12>") (lambda () (interactive) (menu-bar-mode)))

Answer 5

这是我的。

注意我重新映射了移动键。这是因为我使用的是 MS NS4K，这使得那些特定的键移动非常容易。

;;;;;;;; remapping of keys ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

(global-set-key "\C-cg" 'goto-line)
;C-c u untabifies...yuck!
(global-set-key "\C-cu" 'untabify)
;Regex replace
(global-set-key "\C-x%" `query-replace-regexp)
;;Backward-kill-line is defined later on in this file.
(global-set-key "\M-k" `backward-kill-line)

(global-set-key "\C-x\C-j" 'eval-print-last-sexp)
;;M-up/down -> start/end of buffer. Yay!
(global-set-key (kbd "M-<up>") 'beginning-of-buffer)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-<down>") 'end-of-buffer)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-[") 'beginning-of-buffer)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-]") 'end-of-buffer)

;;remap movement keys to get rid of emacs pinky
;Jump back and forth by 5.
(global-set-key "\C-n" '(lambda () (interactive) (forward-line 5)))
(global-set-key "\C-p" '(lambda () (interactive) (forward-line -5)))
(global-set-key "\M-a" 'move-beginning-of-line)
(global-set-key "\M-e" 'move-end-of-line)
(global-set-key "\M-n" 'next-line)
(global-set-key "\M-p" 'previous-line)

;bookmark
(global-set-key (kbd "<M-f2>") 'bm-toggle)
(global-set-key (kbd "<f2>")   'bm-next)
(global-set-key (kbd "<f3>") 'bm-previous)
(setq bm-cycle-all-buffers t)

(global-set-key (kbd "<f5>") 'revert-buffer)
(global-set-key (kbd "<f12>") 'delete-trailing-whitespace)
(global-set-key (kbd "<f11>") 'comment-or-uncomment-region)

(global-set-key (kbd "M-RET") 'newline-and-indent)
(global-set-key "\C-m" 'newline-and-indent)

;;Jump "backwards"
(global-set-key "\C-xp" '(lambda () (interactive) (other-window -1)))

;;copy
(global-set-key "\M-y" 'yank)

;;insert line
(global-set-key "\M-o" '(lambda () (interactive) (open-line 1)))

;zap to char backwards
(global-set-key "\C-z" 'minimize)
;;suspend-emacs is the send-to-background command on linux

;simplify register usage
(global-set-key "\M-s" 'copy-to-register)
(global-set-key "\M-i" 'insert-register)

;;autocomplete hacks
(global-set-key [?\M-/] 'hippie-expand)
(global-set-key [?\C-/] 'dabbrev-expand)


(global-set-key [?\C-.] 'find-tag)
;(global-set-key "\C-.\C-s" 'find-tag)
(global-unset-key [?\M-.])

;;this lets us have long lines go off the side of the screen instead of hosing up the ascii art
(global-set-key "\C-t" 'toggle-truncate-lines)

;comment/uncomment region
(global-set-key "\C-c\C-c" 'comment-or-uncomment-region)

;;Buffer-move
(global-set-key (kbd "<C-S-left>")   'buf-move-left)
(global-set-key (kbd "<C-S-right>")  'buf-move-right)