3

下面添加的其他问题,2011 年 4 月 11 日

我正在开发一组跨平台的共享库 DLL/Sos 和 C++ 中的测试程序,尽管我必须能够支持 C。这些库将仅作为目标代码发布,但测试程序将与源代码一起发布我们的客户可以有示例代码。出于这个原因,我正在设计要在运行时加载的库,即使用 dlopen()/LoadLibraryA() 进行动态链接。

我在 Umbutu 10.04 上使用 g++ 4.4.3-4,在 Vista/64 上使用 VC++ 2008(在 32 位模式下)。

一切似乎都在 Windows 上运行良好(现在)。但是,当我在 Linux 上编译时,我遇到了一些我无法弄清楚的错误。

测试器和库有几个类,用几个 .cpp 和 .h 编码。除了主要入口点之外,库中的类和大部分内容都位于命名空间 DISCOVER_NS 中。

这是该项目的简要草图:

首先,承认,我已经缩短了一堆名字,所以代码更具可读性。

发现.cpp

  • 创建一个类对象,其指针指向它,称为 DiscoverObject 类型的 MainObject。

  • 有一个 extern "C" 函数,它将 MainObject 作为 void* 返回给调用者程序。

  • DiscoverObject 有几个方法并实例化在单独的 cpp 和 .h 中找到的其他类。一种特殊的方法名为 Hello(),它可以满足您的期望,它会打印一条“hello”测试消息。


测试器.cpp

  • 获取库的句柄

  • 获取指向返回 MainObject 的函数的函数指针。

  • 执行函数(指针)并将返回的地址从 void* 转换为 DISCOVER_NS::DiscoverObject* aDiscoverObject。

  • 运行发现对象->Hello()。


我编译:

抄送=@g++

gflags = -g3

cflags = -fPIC -Wall -pedantic

lib_linkflags := -shared -fPIC -lstdc++ -lrt -lpthread -rdynamic

tester_linkflags := -ldl -lpthread

定义 = -D_ linux _ -D_DEBUG -D_IPC_ARCH_INTEL=1 -D_THREAD_SAFE


现在,当我编译时出现以下错误: *Tester.cpp:142: undefined reference to `Discover_NS::DiscoverObject::hello()'*

我还从 discover.so 中得到了一堆其他未定义的引用错误,例如: *discover.so: undefined reference to `Discover_NS::DeviceList::~DeviceList()*


我已经尝试在 SO extern "C" 中制作几乎所有内容。没有不同。

我尝试将语句放入 find.cpp,如下所示: extern void Discover_NS::OtherClass::method( args ); 但这给了我关于“类外声明不是定义”错误的错误。


我知道查看代码会有所帮助,但我需要时间来敲出一些小东西来发布。

任何人都可以提供解决这个烂摊子的想法吗?

谢谢,

韦斯

Dmitry 的解决方案并不是解决方案的全部,而是解决方案中的一个必要元素。在检查我的 makefile 后,我发现了一些无意中重复的行,我删除了它们,以及两个“错别字”,我将 -o 的路径错误地编码到了编译步骤中。破碎的步骤编译了logger.cpp和RemException.cpp:

./common/logger.o : ./common/logger.cpp
    $(CC) $(gflags)  $(cflags) -c  $(defines)  -I ./common  
        -I ./EdgeIO  -I ./Discover   
        -o ./common/Debug/logger.o   <+++++++++ path to .o was wrong
        ./common/logger.cpp   2>&1  | tee ./RemKonTester/logger.ERR

然后我发现了真正的错误。我完全错过了我没有在 Discover 目录中编译所有 .cpp 的事实!。删除所有 nit-pics 花了好一个小时,但现在她从 makefile 中编译出来就好了。

原始问题的新版本:现在我知道它将通过 makefile 工作,我如何让 Eclipse 做与 makefile 相同的事情?

谢谢德米特里。

韦斯

好吧,我的问题还在这里。

我的代码已根据 Dmitry (@Dmitry) 的建议进行编译。只是,它们似乎导致了一个单独的问题。我希望我的库在运行时动态链接到他的主测试程序。将-l Discover -l EdgeIO添加到链接可以编译所有内容,但它给了我静态链接。

仅供参考,未使用的“pi”是所以 SO 在其中有一个浮点数,因此将使用浮点支持进行编译。如果调用者想要使用浮点数,则需要。有人有更好的方法来强制 g++ 编译包含浮点数吗?

在修复了 Dmitry 帮助我找到的许多错误之后,我现在得到了以下输出:

make
./Discover/dllmain.cpp: In function ‘void InitalizeLibraryServices()’:
./Discover/dllmain.cpp:175: warning: unused variable ‘pi’


./EdgeIO/dllMain.cpp: In function ‘void InitalizeLibraryServices()’:
./EdgeIO/dllMain.cpp:158: warning: unused variable ‘pi’


linking RemKonTester
    gflags = -g3
    tstlinkflags = -ldl  -lpthread 
    defines =  -D__linux__   -D_DEBUG   -D_IPC_ARCH_INTEL=1   -D_THREAD_SAFE

./RemKonTester/Debug/RemKonTester.o: In function `main':
/home/wmiller/Projects/Eclipse/./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.cpp:81: undefined 
    reference to `RemKon_EdgeIO::EdgeIoObject::hello()'
/home/wmiller/Projects/Eclipse/./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.cpp:111: undefined 
    reference to `RemKon_Discover::DiscoverObject::hello()'
/home/wmiller/Projects/Eclipse/./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.cpp:116: undefined 
    reference to `RemKon_Discover::DiscoverObject::SetLogLevel(unsigned int)'
/home/wmiller/Projects/Eclipse/./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.cpp:117: undefined 
    reference to `RemKon_Discover::DiscoverObject::hello()'
/home/wmiller/Projects/Eclipse/./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.cpp:118: undefined 
    reference to `RemKon_Discover::DiscoverObject::LocalIpAddress(int)'
/home/wmiller/Projects/Eclipse/./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.cpp:122: undefined 
    reference to `RemKon_Discover::DiscoverObject::RegisterCallback(bool(*)
    (void*), void*)'
/home/wmiller/Projects/Eclipse/./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.cpp:123: undefined 
    reference to `RemKon_Discover::DiscoverObject::Search()'

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

我从 Eclipse 获得了相同的错误消息集。

RemKonTester.cpp 包括声明这些项目的所有 .h。我已经尝试使用声明 extern "C" 而不是它们。

希望得到帮助,

韦斯

4

2 回答 2

5

您的问题似乎是-l<library>

$(CC)  $(gflags)  $(tstlinkflags) $(defines)      -L ./Debug    -ldiscover   
        -ledgeio -o ./Debug/RemKonTester  ./RemKonTester/Debug/RemKonTester.o  
        ./RemKonTester/Debug/logger.o  ./RemKonTester/Debug/libraryClass.o   
        2>&1  | tee ./RemKonTester/make.ERR

它们应该在目标文件之后,因为链接器会在它们在命令行遇到它们并搜索未定义的符号时加载它们。

有关更多信息,请参见man ld(特别是-l选项):

-l 名称规范

...

链接器只会在命令行中指定的位置搜索存档一次。如果存档定义了在命令行上出现在存档之前的某个对象中未定义的符号,则链接器将包含存档中的适当文件。但是,稍后在命令行上出现的对象中的未定义符号不会导致链接器再次搜索存档。

这应该适合你:

$(CC) $(gflags) $(tstlinkflags) $(defines) -L ./Debug -o ./Debug/RemKonTester ./RemKonTester/Debug/RemKonTester.o ./RemKonTester/Debug/logger.o ./RemKonTester/调试/libraryClass.o -ldiscover -ledgeio 2>&1 | 三通 ./RemKonTester/make.ERR

PS 请注意,在 StackOverflow 中有一个用于编辑您的问题的选项,发布附加信息作为答案不是一个好习惯。

于 2011-04-06T19:03:58.763 回答
0

编辑:终于找到了“编辑器”。让它更漂亮。wjm

抱歉耽搁了。昨晚我不得不把一棵倒下的树从我的前院弄出来。

注意:我更改了原始注释中的一些名称以使其更短。这个答案已经说明了一切。


g++ 输出...

$ make
./EdgeIO/dllMain.cpp: In function ‘void InitalizeLibraryServices()’:
./EdgeIO/dllMain.cpp:158: warning: unused variable ‘pi’
./Discover/dllmain.cpp: In function ‘void InitalizeLibraryServices()’:
./Discover/dllmain.cpp:174: warning: unused variable ‘pi’
./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’:
./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.cpp:130: warning: ISO C++ forbids casting between     
pointer-to-function and pointer-to-object
./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.cpp:152: warning: unused variable ‘searchResp’
./RemKonTester/libraryClass.cpp: In member function ‘int 
library::AttachLibrary()’:
./RemKonTester/libraryClass.cpp:132: warning: ISO C++ forbids casting between 
pointer-to-function and pointer-to-object
./RemKonTester/libraryClass.cpp:154: warning: ISO C++ forbids casting between 
pointer-to-function and pointer-to-object
./RemKonTester/Debug/RemKonTester.o: In function `main': 
/home/wmiller/Projects/Eclipse/
./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.cpp:142: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::DiscoverObject::hello()'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
gflags = -g3
tstlinkflags = -ldl  -lpthread
defines =  -D__linux__   -D_DEBUG   -D_IPC_ARCH_INTEL=1   -D_THREAD_SAFE
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to     
`RemKon_Discover::RemKonDeviceList::~RemKonDeviceList()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::ClientPort(unsigned short)'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::PayloadSize(unsigned int)'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::Socket() const'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemKonDeviceList::Count() const'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemException::~RemException()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::UDPbinder()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::ListenTimeOut(int)'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::ServerPort(unsigned short)'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemKonDeviceList::Next()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to `RemKon_Discover::Log(char 
const*, ...)'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::UDPlisten(unsigned char*, int*, sockaddr_in*, int*)'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemException::RemException()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to `RemKon_Discover::VerboseLogging()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::RegisterCallbackFunction(void (*)(void*, unsigned 
char*, int), void*)'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemKonDeviceList::First()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::TestData(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned char*, 
unsigned int)'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to `RemKon_Discover::Logging()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::MessageLength(int)'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::LocalIpAddress(int)'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::UDPsend()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::DiscoverObject::LocalIpAddress() const'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::SetBroadcastMode()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::MakeMacAddressString(unsigned char*, char*)'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemKonDeviceList::RemKonDeviceList()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemKonDeviceList::New()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::ActivateLogging(unsigned int)'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::RemSocket()'
./Debug/libdiscover.so: undefined reference to 
`RemKon_Discover::RemSocket::Payload(unsigned int)'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

这是makefile。抱歉,我说的 make 不太好,所以 makefile 是功能性的,而不是漂亮的。

CC = @g++
gflags = -g3
cflags = -fPIC -Wall -pedantic
liblinkflags := -shared -fPIC -lstdc++ -lrt -lpthread -rdynamic
tstlinkflags := -ldl  -lpthread
defines = -D__linux__   -D_DEBUG   -D_IPC_ARCH_INTEL=1   -D_THREAD_SAFE


all : clean edgeio discover tester


############################################

edgeio : ./EdgeIO/dllMain.o ./EdgeIO/EdgeIO.o
$(CC) $(gflags)  $(liblinkflags) $(defines)    -Wl,-soname,./Debug
    /libedgeio.so.1  -o ./Debug/libedgeio.so.1.0 ./EdgeIO/Debug/edgeio.o  
    ./EdgeIO/Debug/dllmain.o    2>&1  | tee ./EdgeIO/make.ERR
            @cd ./Debug; ln -sf libedgeio.so.1.0    libedgeio.so
        @cd ./Debug; ln -sf libedgeio.so.1.0    libedgeio.so.1

./EdgeIO/dllMain.o : ./EdgeIO/dllMain.cpp
        $(CC) $(gflags)  $(cflags) -c $(defines)   -I ./common  -I ./EdgeIO  
    -I ./Discover   -o./EdgeIO/Debug/dllmain.o  ./EdgeIO/dllMain.cpp   2>&1  
    | tee ./EdgeIO/dllmain.ERR

./EdgeIO/EdgeIO.o : ./EdgeIO/EdgeIO.cpp
    $(CC) $(gflags)  $(cflags) -c $(defines)   -I ./common  -I ./EdgeIO  
    -I ./Discover   -o./EdgeIO/Debug/edgeio.o  ./EdgeIO/EdgeIO.cpp     2>&1  | 
    tee ./EdgeIO/EdgeIO.ERR

############################################

discover : ./Discover/Discover.o ./Discover/dllmain.o
    $(CC) $(gflags)  $(liblinkflags) $(defines)    -Wl,-soname,./Debug
        /libdiscover.so.1  -o ./Debug/libdiscover.so.1.0          ./Discover/Debug
        /Discover.o  ./Discover/Debug/dllmain.o    2>&1  | tee ./Discover/make.ERR
    @cd ./Debug; ln -sf libdiscover.so.1.0  libdiscover.so
    @cd ./Debug; ln -sf libdiscover.so.1.0  libdiscover.so.1

./Discover/Discover.o : ./Discover/Discover.cpp
    $(CC) $(gflags)  $(cflags) -c $(defines)   -I ./common  -I ./EdgeIO  
    -I ./Discover   -o./Discover/Debug/Discover.o  ./Discover/Discover.cpp  
     2>&1  | tee ./Discover/Discover.ERR

./Discover/dllmain.o : ./Discover/dllmain.cpp
        $(CC) $(gflags)  $(cflags) -c  $(defines)  -I ./common  -I ./EdgeIO  
        -I ./Discover   -o./Discover/Debug/dllmain.o  ./Discover/dllmain.cpp   
        2>&1  | tee ./Discover/dllmain.ERR

############################################

tester : ./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.o ./common/logger.o  ./RemKonTester
        /libraryClass.o    ./common/RemException.o
    $(CC)  $(gflags)  $(tstlinkflags) $(defines)       
        -L ./Debug -o ./Debug/RemKonTester  ./RemKonTester/Debug
        /RemKonTester.o  ./RemKonTester/Debug/logger.o  ./RemKonTester/Debug
        /libraryClass.o   2>&1  | tee ./RemKonTester/make.ERR

    @echo "gflags = $(gflags)"   2>&1  | tee ./RemKonTester/make.ERR
    @echo "tstlinkflags = $(tstlinkflags)"   2>&1  | tee ./RemKonTester/make.ERR
    @echo "defines =  $(defines)"   2>&1  | tee ./RemKonTester/make.ERR

    $(CC)  $(gflags)  $(tstlinkflags) $(defines)      -L ./Debug    -ldiscover   
        -ledgeio -o ./Debug/RemKonTester  ./RemKonTester/Debug/RemKonTester.o  
        ./RemKonTester/Debug/logger.o  ./RemKonTester/Debug/libraryClass.o   
        2>&1  | tee ./RemKonTester/make.ERR

./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.o : ./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.cpp
    $(CC) $(gflags)  $(cflags) -c $(defines)   -I ./common  -I ./EdgeIO  
        -I ./Discover   -o ./RemKonTester/Debug/RemKonTester.o   ./RemKonTester
        /RemKonTester.cpp   2>&1  | tee ./RemKonTester/RemKonTester.ERR

./common/logger.o : ./common/logger.cpp
    $(CC) $(gflags)  $(cflags) -c  $(defines)  -I ./common  -I ./EdgeIO  
        -I ./Discover    -o ./RemKonTester/Debug/logger.o  ./common/logger.cpp
        2>&1  | tee ./RemKonTester/logger.ERR

./RemKonTester/libraryClass.o : ./RemKonTester/libraryClass.cpp
    $(CC) $(gflags)  $(cflags) -c  $(defines)  -I ./common  -I ./EdgeIO  
        -I ./Discover    -o ./RemKonTester/Debug/libraryClass.o 
        ./RemKonTester/libraryClass.cpp   2>&1  | tee ./RemKonTester
        /libraryClass.ERR

./common/RemException.o : ./common/RemException.cpp
    $(CC) $(gflags)  $(cflags) -c  $(defines)  -I ./common  -I ./EdgeIO  
        -I ./Discover    -o ./RemKonTester/Debug/RemException.o ./common
        /RemException.cpp   2>&1  | tee ./RemKonTester/RemException.ERR


############################################

clean :
    @rm -f *.ERR
    @rm -f ./common/*.ERR
    @rm -f ./EdgeIO/*.ERR
    @rm -f ./Discover/*.ERR
    @rm -f ./RemKonTester/*.ERR

    @rm -f QEMACRO*
    @rm -f ./common/EdgeIO/QEMACRO*
    @rm -f ./EdgeIO/QEMACRO*
    @rm -f ./Discover/QEMACRO*
    @rm -f ./RemKonTester/QEMACRO*

    @rm -f ./Debug/*.o
    @rm -f ./common/Debug/*.o
    @rm -f ./EdgeIO/Debug/*.o
    @rm -f ./Discover/Debug/*.o
    @rm -f ./RemKonTester/Debug/*.o

    @rm -f ./Debug/*.log
    @rm -f ./common/Debug/*.log
    @rm -f ./EdgeIO/Debug/*.log
    @rm -f ./Discover/Debug/*.log
    @rm -f ./RemKonTester/Debug/*.log

    @rm -f ./Debug/*.so*

############################################

谢谢,

韦斯

于 2011-04-06T14:33:52.683 回答