6

我正在将数据从一个数据库模式迁移到另一个。旧模式有一个基于邻接列表的分类系统，带有 id、category 和 parent_id。如果一个类别低于第二个类别，则该类别将第二个的 id 作为其父 id。例如：

+-------------+----------------------+--------+
| category_id | name                 | parent |
+-------------+----------------------+--------+
|           1 | ELECTRONICS          |   NULL |
|           2 | TELEVISIONS          |      1 |
|           3 | TUBE                 |      2 |
|           4 | LCD                  |      2 |
|           5 | PLASMA               |      2 |
|           6 | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS |      1 |
|           7 | MP3 PLAYERS          |      6 |
|           8 | FLASH                |      7 |
|           9 | CD PLAYERS           |      6 |
|          10 | 2 WAY RADIOS         |      6 |
+-------------+----------------------+--------+

新模式具有修改后的前序树遍历算法：

+-------------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| category_id | name                 | lft | rgt |
+-------------+----------------------+-----+-----+
|           1 | ELECTRONICS          |   1 |  20 |
|           2 | TELEVISIONS          |   2 |   9 |
|           3 | TUBE                 |   3 |   4 |
|           4 | LCD                  |   5 |   6 |
|           5 | PLASMA               |   7 |   8 |
|           6 | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS |  10 |  19 |
|           7 | MP3 PLAYERS          |  11 |  14 |
|           8 | FLASH                |  12 |  13 |
|           9 | CD PLAYERS           |  15 |  16 |
|          10 | 2 WAY RADIOS         |  17 |  18 |
+-------------+----------------------+-----+-----+

示例取自文章在 MySQL 中管理分层数据。

无论如何，我有能力或编写一个带有递归函数的 php 脚本，它将邻接列表迁移到预排序树结构。基本上对于每一行，它都会插入一个空白的“rgt”值，查找子项，递归地将函数应用于它们，跟踪计数器，然后更新“rgt”值。

但我想在纯 SQL 中做到这一点。但是，我知道的不够多，无法立足。对于初学者，我不知道您是否可以使用递归查询来做到这一点，或者是否有其他方法可以做到这一点。

4

1 回答 1

6

这就是我所拥有的；这是一个示例，可以根据您的情况进行推广或调整。

首先，我将建立一个邻接列表（来自维基百科的语系数据）：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `language_family_adj_list` (
  `language_id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `language` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  `parent_id` int(11) default NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`language_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=41 ;


INSERT INTO `language_family_adj_list` (`language_id`, `language`, `parent_id`) VALUES
(1, 'Finno-Ugric', NULL),
(2, 'Hungarian', 1),
(3, 'Khanty', 1),
(4, 'Mansi', 1),
(5, 'Permic', 1),
(6, 'Mari', 1),
(7, 'Mordvinic', 1),
(8, 'Sami', 1),
(9, 'Baltic-Finnic', 1),
(10, 'Komi', 5),
(11, 'Komi-Permyak', 5),
(12, 'Udmurt', 5),
(13, 'Erzya', 7),
(14, 'Moksha', 7),
(15, 'Western Sami', 8),
(16, 'Eastern Sami', 8),
(17, 'Southern Sami', 15),
(18, 'Umi Sami', 15),
(19, 'Lule Sami', 15),
(20, 'Pite Sami', 15),
(22, 'Northern Sami', 15),
(23, 'Kemi Sami', 16),
(24, 'Inari Sami', 16),
(25, 'Akkala Sami', 16),
(26, 'Kildin Sami', 16),
(27, 'Skolt Sami', 16),
(28, 'Ter Sami', 16),
(29, 'Estonian', 9),
(30, 'Finnish', 9),
(31, 'Ingrian', 9),
(32, 'Karelian', 9),
(33, 'Livonian', 9),
(34, 'Veps', 9),
(35, 'Votic', 9),
(36, 'South Estonian', 29),
(37, 'Voro', 36),
(38, 'Karelian Proper', 32),
(39, 'Lude', 32),
(40, 'Olonets Karelian', 32);

这是一个用于演示的查询：

mysql> SELECT t1.language AS lev1, t2.language as lev2, t3.language as lev3, t4.language as lev4, t5.language AS lev5
    -> FROM language_family_adj_list AS t1
    -> LEFT JOIN language_family_adj_list AS t2 ON t2.parent_id = t1.language_id
    -> LEFT JOIN language_family_adj_list AS t3 ON t3.parent_id = t2.language_id
    -> LEFT JOIN language_family_adj_list AS t4 ON t4.parent_id = t3.language_id
    -> LEFT JOIN language_family_adj_list AS t5 ON t5.parent_id = t4.language_id
    -> WHERE t1.parent_id IS NULL
    -> ORDER BY t1.language, t2.language, t3.language, t4.language, t5.language;
+-------------+---------------+--------------+------------------+------+
| lev1        | lev2          | lev3         | lev4             | lev5 |
+-------------+---------------+--------------+------------------+------+
| Finno-Ugric | Baltic-Finnic | Estonian     | South Estonian   | Voro | 
| Finno-Ugric | Baltic-Finnic | Finnish      | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Baltic-Finnic | Ingrian      | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Baltic-Finnic | Karelian     | Karelian Proper  | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Baltic-Finnic | Karelian     | Lude             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Baltic-Finnic | Karelian     | Olonets Karelian | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Baltic-Finnic | Livonian     | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Baltic-Finnic | Veps         | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Baltic-Finnic | Votic        | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Hungarian     | NULL         | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Khanty        | NULL         | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Mansi         | NULL         | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Mari          | NULL         | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Mordvinic     | Erzya        | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Mordvinic     | Moksha       | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Permic        | Komi         | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Permic        | Komi-Permyak | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Permic        | Udmurt       | NULL             | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Sami          | Eastern Sami | Akkala Sami      | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Sami          | Eastern Sami | Inari Sami       | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Sami          | Eastern Sami | Kemi Sami        | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Sami          | Eastern Sami | Kildin Sami      | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Sami          | Eastern Sami | Skolt Sami       | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Sami          | Eastern Sami | Ter Sami         | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Sami          | Western Sami | Lule Sami        | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Sami          | Western Sami | Northern Sami    | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Sami          | Western Sami | Pite Sami        | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Sami          | Western Sami | Southern Sami    | NULL | 
| Finno-Ugric | Sami          | Western Sami | Umi Sami         | NULL | 
+-------------+---------------+--------------+------------------+------+
29 rows in set (0.00 sec)

所以这是修改后的前序遍历树表模式：

CREATE TABLE language_family_mptt (
 language VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
 lft INT NOT NULL,
 rgt INT NOT NULL
) COLLATE utf8;

然后是迁移数据的递归存储过程：

TRUNCATE TABLE language_family_mptt;
SET max_sp_recursion_depth = 255;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS insert_branches;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS start_tree;
DELIMITER ~~

CREATE PROCEDURE start_tree()
BEGIN
    DECLARE language_field VARCHAR(100);
    DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
    DECLARE insert_id INT;
    DECLARE source_id INT;

    DECLARE cursor1 CURSOR FOR SELECT language, language_id FROM language_family_adj_list WHERE parent_id IS NULL ORDER BY language;

    DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;

    OPEN cursor1;
    read_loop: LOOP

        SET @my_left = 1;

        FETCH cursor1 INTO language_field, source_id;
        INSERT INTO language_family_mptt ( language, lft ) VALUES ( language_field, 1 );

        CALL insert_branches( source_id );

        UPDATE language_family_mptt SET rgt = @my_left + 1 WHERE lft = 1 AND rgt = 0;

        IF done THEN
            LEAVE read_loop;
        END IF;

    END LOOP;
    CLOSE cursor1;

END; ~~

CREATE PROCEDURE insert_branches( IN source_parent_id INT )
BEGIN
    DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
    DECLARE next_source_parent_id INT DEFAULT NULL;
    DECLARE orig_left INT DEFAULT NULL;
    DECLARE language_field VARCHAR(100);    
    DECLARE cursor1 CURSOR FOR SELECT language_id, language FROM language_family_adj_list WHERE parent_id = source_parent_id ORDER BY language;
    DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;

    OPEN cursor1;

    read_loop: LOOP

        FETCH cursor1 INTO next_source_parent_id, language_field;

        IF done THEN
            LEAVE read_loop;
        END IF;

        SET @my_left = @my_left + 1;

        INSERT INTO language_family_mptt ( language, lft ) VALUES ( language_field, @my_left ); 

        SET orig_left = @my_left;

        CALL insert_branches( next_source_parent_id );

        UPDATE language_family_mptt SET rgt = @my_left + 1 WHERE lft = orig_left AND rgt = 0 ;

        SET @my_left = @my_left + 1;

    END LOOP;
    CLOSE cursor1;
END; ~~

DELIMITER ;

结果如下：

mysql> SELECT CONCAT( REPEAT( ' ', (COUNT(parent.language) - 1) ), node.language) AS name FROM language_family_mptt AS node, language_family_mptt AS parent WHERE node.lft BETWEEN parent.lft AND parent.rgt GROUP BY node.language ORDER BY node.lft;
+---------------------------------+
| name                            |
+---------------------------------+
|    Finno-Ugric                  | 
|        Baltic-Finnic            | 
|            Estonian             | 
|                South Estonian   | 
|                    Voro         | 
|            Finnish              | 
|            Ingrian              | 
|            Karelian             | 
|                Karelian Proper  | 
|                Lude             | 
|                Olonets Karelian | 
|            Livonian             | 
|            Veps                 | 
|            Votic                | 
|        Hungarian                | 
|        Khanty                   | 
|        Mansi                    | 
|        Mari                     | 
|        Mordvinic                | 
|            Erzya                | 
|            Moksha               | 
|        Permic                   | 
|            Komi                 | 
|            Komi-Permyak         | 
|            Udmurt               | 
|        Sami                     | 
|            Eastern Sami         | 
|                Akkala Sami      | 
|                Inari Sami       | 
|                Kemi Sami        | 
|                Kildin Sami      | 
|                Skolt Sami       | 
|                Ter Sami         | 
|            Western Sami         | 
|                Lule Sami        | 
|                Northern Sami    | 
|                Pite Sami        | 
|                Southern Sami    | 
|                Umi Sami         | 
+---------------------------------+
39 rows in set (0.00 sec)

:D

于 2011-04-06T03:17:44.583 回答