我是 stm 和 STM32CubeMX 世界的新手。到目前为止，我能够在温度传感器上成功实现 SPI 和 I2C。现在我尝试将数据写入 SD 卡，不幸的是到目前为止还没有成功。作为微控制器，我使用 STM32L073RZT6 和 Waveshare 的 SD 卡模块，它具有 SDIO 和 SPI 接口。我的问题是我还没有看到任何合理的文档告诉我如何正确地将 SD 卡连接到微控制器。在我之前的尝试中，我将微控制器连接到 SD 卡模块，如下所示：
- 3v3 <---> 3v3 (Pin1)
- 接地 <---> 接地（引脚 2）
- PB3 (SCK) <---> SCLK (pin 5)
- PB4 (MISO) <---> MISO (DO) (Pin 3)
- PB5 (MOSI) <---> MOSI (DI) (针脚 4)
- PA9 (GPIO 输出) <---> CS (Pin6)
Pin_configuration sd_card_back
我是否将 SD 卡正确连接到微控制器？什么是 CMD 和 CD？D0 到 D3 服务什么？SDIO 看起来如何从微控制器到 SD 卡的配置和物理连接？起初我使用 HAL_SPI_Transmit () 进行了尝试，最后使用了https://blog.domski.pl/using-fatfs-with-hal/中描述的以下代码。函数 f_open () 返回值 FR_NOT_READY。
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* This notice applies to any and all portions of this file
* that are not between comment pairs USER CODE BEGIN and
* USER CODE END. Other portions of this file, whether
* inserted by the user or by software development tools
* are owned by their respective copyright owners.
*
* Copyright (c) 2019 STMicroelectronics International N.V.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted, provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistribution of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of other
* contributors to this software may be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific written permission.
* 4. This software, including modifications and/or derivative works of this
* software, must execute solely and exclusively on microcontroller or
* microprocessor devices manufactured by or for STMicroelectronics.
* 5. Redistribution and use of this software other than as permitted under
* this license is void and will automatically terminate your rights under
* this license.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY STMICROELECTRONICS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
* PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
* RIGHTS ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. IN NO EVENT
* SHALL STMICROELECTRONICS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA,
* OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
* EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32l0xx_hal.h"
#include "fatfs.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
SPI_HandleTypeDef hspi1;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
FATFS fs;
FATFS *pfs;
FIL fil;
FRESULT fres;
DWORD fre_clust;
uint32_t total, free;
char buffer[100];
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_SPI1_Init(void);
static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
*
* @retval None
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_SPI1_Init();
MX_USART2_UART_Init();
MX_FATFS_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
//https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Micro_SD_Storage_Board
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_9,GPIO_PIN_SET); //set CS on high
HAL_Delay(1000);
//http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html
/* Mount SD Card */
if(f_mount(&fs, "", 0) == FR_OK) {
//HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
}
/* Open file to write */
if(f_open(&fil, "first.txt", FA_OPEN_ALWAYS | FA_READ | FA_WRITE) == FR_NOT_READY) {
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
}
/* Check free space */
//if(f_getfree("", &fre_clust, &pfs) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
//total = (uint32_t)((pfs->n_fatent - 2) * pfs->csize * 0.5);
//free = (uint32_t)(fre_clust * pfs->csize * 0.5);
/* Free space is less than 1kb */
//if(free < 1) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
/* Writing text */
// f_puts("STM32 SD Card I/O Example via SPI\n", &fil);
//f_puts("Save the world!!!", &fil);
/* Close file */
//if(f_close(&fil) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
/* Open file to read */
// if(f_open(&fil, "first.txt", FA_READ) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
//while(f_gets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), &fil))
//{
//printf("%s", buffer);
//}
/* Close file */
//if(f_close(&fil) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
/* Unmount SDCARD */
//if(f_mount(NULL, "", 1) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;
RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit;
/**Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
*/
__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = 0;
RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_5;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_MSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART2;
PeriphClkInit.Usart2ClockSelection = RCC_USART2CLKSOURCE_PCLK1;
if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Configure the Systick interrupt time
*/
HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq()/1000);
/**Configure the Systick
*/
HAL_SYSTICK_CLKSourceConfig(SYSTICK_CLKSOURCE_HCLK);
/* SysTick_IRQn interrupt configuration */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, 0, 0);
}
/* SPI1 init function */
static void MX_SPI1_Init(void)
{
/* SPI1 parameter configuration*/
hspi1.Instance = SPI1;
hspi1.Init.Mode = SPI_MODE_MASTER;
hspi1.Init.Direction = SPI_DIRECTION_2LINES;
hspi1.Init.DataSize = SPI_DATASIZE_8BIT;
hspi1.Init.CLKPolarity = SPI_POLARITY_HIGH;
hspi1.Init.CLKPhase = SPI_PHASE_1EDGE;
hspi1.Init.NSS = SPI_NSS_SOFT;
hspi1.Init.BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BAUDRATEPRESCALER_32;
hspi1.Init.FirstBit = SPI_FIRSTBIT_MSB;
hspi1.Init.TIMode = SPI_TIMODE_DISABLE;
hspi1.Init.CRCCalculation = SPI_CRCCALCULATION_DISABLE;
hspi1.Init.CRCPolynomial = 7;
if (HAL_SPI_Init(&hspi1) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
}
/* USART2 init function */
static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void)
{
huart2.Instance = USART2;
huart2.Init.BaudRate = 9600;
huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
huart2.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
huart2.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart2) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
}
/** Configure pins as
* Analog
* Input
* Output
* EVENT_OUT
* EXTI
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_9, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
/*Configure GPIO pins : PA5 PA9 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_9;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @param file: The file name as string.
* @param line: The line in file as a number.
* @retval None
*/
void _Error_Handler(char *file, int line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
while(1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
/**
* @}
*/
/**
* @}
*/
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
我知道有 stm32 系列的项目示例，这对我没有帮助。