我开始使用 Django,我有点卡在多模型领域,AKA Generic Relation (Content Type)
我有一个通用的内容类型“student_solution”,它可以属于:
- 一个
Org
模型 - 一个
Institution
模型 - 一个
Campus
模型
因此,在这 3 个模型中的每一个模型中,我都有如下相反的关系models.py
:
# Reverse generic relation - XXX See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/contenttypes/#reverse-generic-relations
student_solutions = GenericRelation('student_solution.StudentSolution')
我不确定这是否是正确的方法,我认为是这样,但欢迎确认:)
它现在工作正常,但它在 Django 管理 UI 中不是用户友好的,查看它在 django admin 上的显示方式,创建学生解决方案时(我希望选择框显示一个label
字段,而不是输入内容类型手动识别):
创建 Org、Institution 或 Campus 时,该字段根本不会显示在 Django Admin 中(所以我可能配置错误)
我尝试了如何在管理内联中用带有实际对象的字段替换 content_type 和 object_id 字段?通过允许使用对象的标签选择正确的内容类型和“对象”来改进 UI。但此时它不起作用。
student_solution/models.py
:
from django.contrib.contenttypes import fields
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.db import models
from django.db.models import Q
from jsonfield import JSONField
from tfp_backoffice.apps.institution.models import Institution
CONTENT_TYPE_CHOICES = (
Q(app_label='org', model='org') |
Q(app_label='institution', model='institution') |
Q(app_label='campus', model='campus')
)
class StudentSolution(models.Model):
# Dynamic relationship to either Org, Institution or Campus entities
# XXX https://simpleisbetterthancomplex.com/tutorial/2016/10/13/how-to-use-generic-relations.html
content_type = models.ForeignKey(
ContentType,
on_delete=models.CASCADE, # TODO check if good thing
limit_choices_to=CONTENT_TYPE_CHOICES,
)
object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
content_object = fields.GenericForeignKey(
'content_type',
'object_id'
)
student_solution/admin.py
:
from django.contrib import admin
from modeltranslation.admin import TranslationAdmin
from tfp_backoffice.apps.org.models import Org
from tfp_backoffice.apps.student_solution.forms import StudentSolutionAdminForm, GenericStudentSolutionOwnerChoicesFieldForm
from tfp_backoffice.apps.student_solution.models import StudentSolution
class StudentSolutionInlineAdmin(admin.TabularInline):
form = GenericStudentSolutionOwnerChoicesFieldForm
model = Org # TODO not sure at all about that, should be either of 3 related ContentTypes (Org | Institution | Campus)
# This throw error "<class 'tfp_backoffice.apps.student_solution.admin.StudentSolutionInlineAdmin'>: (admin.E202) 'org.Org' has no ForeignKey to 'student_solution.StudentSolution'."
class StudentSolutionAdmin(TranslationAdmin):
form = StudentSolutionAdminForm
inlines = [
StudentSolutionInlineAdmin,
]
admin.site.register(StudentSolution, StudentSolutionAdmin)
student_solution/forms.py
:
from django import forms
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from tfp_backoffice.apps.org.models import Org
from tfp_backoffice.apps.student_solution.models import CONTENT_TYPE_CHOICES, StudentSolution
class StudentSolutionAdminForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = StudentSolution
fields = '__all__' # Keep all fields
class GenericStudentSolutionOwnerChoicesFieldForm(forms.ModelForm):
ct_place_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Org) # TODO not sure at all about that, should be either of 3 related ContentTypes (Org | Institution | Campus)
object_id = forms.ModelChoiceField(
Org.objects.all(),
limit_choices_to=CONTENT_TYPE_CHOICES,
label='Student solution'
)
content_type = forms.ModelChoiceField(
ContentType.objects.all(),
initial=ct_place_type,
limit_choices_to=CONTENT_TYPE_CHOICES, # should I use this here?
widget=forms.HiddenInput()
)
def clean_object_id(self):
return self.cleaned_data['object_id'].pk
def clean_content_type(self):
return self.ct_place_type
但是此代码不起作用并在启动服务器时引发此错误
django.core.management.base.SystemCheckError: SystemCheckError: 系统检查发现了一些问题:
<class 'tfp_backoffice.apps.student_solution.admin.StudentSolutionInlineAdmin'>: (admin.E202) 'org.Org' has no ForeignKey to 'student_solution.StudentSolution'.