在 SQL Server 中将字符串中每个单词的首字母大写的最佳方法是什么。
18 回答
来自http://www.sql-server-helper.com/functions/initcap.aspx
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[InitCap] ( @InputString varchar(4000) )
RETURNS VARCHAR(4000)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @Index INT
DECLARE @Char CHAR(1)
DECLARE @PrevChar CHAR(1)
DECLARE @OutputString VARCHAR(255)
SET @OutputString = LOWER(@InputString)
SET @Index = 1
WHILE @Index <= LEN(@InputString)
BEGIN
SET @Char = SUBSTRING(@InputString, @Index, 1)
SET @PrevChar = CASE WHEN @Index = 1 THEN ' '
ELSE SUBSTRING(@InputString, @Index - 1, 1)
END
IF @PrevChar IN (' ', ';', ':', '!', '?', ',', '.', '_', '-', '/', '&', '''', '(')
BEGIN
IF @PrevChar != '''' OR UPPER(@Char) != 'S'
SET @OutputString = STUFF(@OutputString, @Index, 1, UPPER(@Char))
END
SET @Index = @Index + 1
END
RETURN @OutputString
END
GO
这里有一个更简单/更小的一个(但如果任何行没有空格,“无效的长度参数传递给 RIGHT 函数。”):
作为表值函数:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.InitCap(@v AS VARCHAR(MAX))
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN
WITH a AS (
SELECT (
SELECT UPPER(LEFT(value, 1)) + LOWER(SUBSTRING(value, 2, LEN(value))) AS 'data()'
FROM string_split(@v, ' ')
ORDER BY CHARINDEX(value,@v)
FOR XML PATH (''), TYPE) ret)
SELECT CAST(a.ret AS varchar(MAX)) ret from a
GO
请注意,string_split
需要COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL
130。
如果您正在 Oracle/PLSQL 中寻找相同问题的答案,那么您可以使用函数 INITCAP。下面是一个来自表部门的属性dname的示例,它具有值('sales'、'management'、'production'、'development')。
SQL> select INITCAP(dname) from department;
INITCAP(DNAME)
--------------------------------------------------
Sales
Management
Production
Development
我已经使用了很长时间的一个变体是:
CREATE FUNCTION [widget].[properCase](@string varchar(8000)) RETURNS varchar(8000) AS
BEGIN
SET @string = LOWER(@string)
DECLARE @i INT
SET @i = ASCII('a')
WHILE @i <= ASCII('z')
BEGIN
SET @string = REPLACE( @string, ' ' + CHAR(@i), ' ' + CHAR(@i-32))
SET @i = @i + 1
END
SET @string = CHAR(ASCII(LEFT(@string, 1))-32) + RIGHT(@string, LEN(@string)-1)
RETURN @string
END
如果您愿意,您可以轻松修改以处理除空格以外的项目之后的字符。
不使用循环的另一种解决方案 - 具有递归 CTE 的纯基于集合的方法
create function [dbo].InitCap (@value varchar(max))
returns varchar(max) as
begin
declare
@separator char(1) = ' ',
@result varchar(max) = '';
with r as (
select value, cast(null as varchar(max)) [x], cast('' as varchar(max)) [char], 0 [no] from (select rtrim(cast(@value as varchar(max))) [value]) as j
union all
select right(value, len(value)-case charindex(@separator, value) when 0 then len(value) else charindex(@separator, value) end) [value]
, left(r.[value], case charindex(@separator, r.value) when 0 then len(r.value) else abs(charindex(@separator, r.[value])-1) end ) [x]
, left(r.[value], 1)
, [no] + 1 [no]
from r where value > '')
select @result = @result +
case
when ascii([char]) between 97 and 122
then stuff(x, 1, 1, char(ascii([char])-32))
else x
end + @separator
from r where x is not null;
set @result = rtrim(@result);
return @result;
end
这是最简单的一行代码。
select
LEFT(column, 1)+ lower(RIGHT(column, len(column)-1) )
from [tablename]
;WITH StudentList(Name) AS (
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(50), 'Carl-VAN')
UNION SELECT 'Dean o''brian'
UNION SELECT 'Andrew-le-Smith'
UNION SELECT 'Eddy thompson'
UNION SELECT 'BOBs-your-Uncle'
), Student AS (
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(50), UPPER(LEFT(Name, 1)) + LOWER(SUBSTRING(Name, 2, LEN(Name)))) Name,
pos = PATINDEX('%[-'' ]%', Name)
FROM StudentList
UNION ALL
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(50), LEFT(Name, pos) + UPPER(SUBSTRING(Name, pos + 1, 1)) + SUBSTRING(Name, pos + 2, LEN(Name))) Name,
pos = CASE WHEN PATINDEX('%[-'' ]%', RIGHT(Name, LEN(Name) - pos)) = 0 THEN 0 ELSE pos + PATINDEX('%[-'' ]%', RIGHT(Name, LEN(Name) - pos)) END
FROM Student
WHERE pos > 0
)
SELECT Name
FROM Student
WHERE pos = 0
ORDER BY Name
这将导致:
- 安德鲁-勒-史密斯
- Bobs-Your-Uncle
- 卡尔-范
- 迪恩·奥布莱恩
- 艾迪汤普森
使用基于递归 CTE 集的查询应该胜过执行过程式 while 循环查询。在这里,对于更高级的示例,我还将我的单独设置为 3 个不同的字符 [-' ] 而不是 1。像我所做的那样使用 PATINDEX 可以让我查找许多字符。您也可以在单个字符上使用 CHARINDEX,并且此函数除了第三个参数 StartFromPosition,因此我可以进一步简单地将 pos 公式的第二部分递归到(假设一个空格): pos = CHARINDEX(' ', Name, pos + 1)。
BEGIN
DECLARE @string varchar(100) = 'asdsadsd asdad asd'
DECLARE @ResultString varchar(200) = ''
DECLARE @index int = 1
DECLARE @flag bit = 0
DECLARE @temp varchar(2) = ''
WHILE (@Index <LEN(@string)+1)
BEGIN
SET @temp = SUBSTRING(@string, @Index-1, 1)
--select @temp
IF @temp = ' ' OR @index = 1
BEGIN
SET @ResultString = @ResultString + UPPER(SUBSTRING(@string, @Index, 1))
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET @ResultString = @ResultString + LOWER(SUBSTRING(@string, @Index, 1))
END
SET @Index = @Index+ 1--increase the index
END
SELECT @ResultString
结尾
仅限英文数据。
从性能的角度来看超级非高效,但从生产力的角度来看是高效的。将其用作一次性转换器:
SELECT
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
UPPER(LEFT(City,1))+LOWER(SUBSTRING(City,2,LEN(City)))
,' a', ' A')
,' b', ' B')
,' c', ' C')
,' d', ' D')
,' e', ' E')
,' f', ' F')
,' g', ' G')
,' h', ' H')
,' i', ' I')
,' j', ' J')
,' k', ' K')
,' l', ' L')
,' m', ' M')
,' n', ' N')
,' o', ' O')
,' p', ' P')
,' q', ' Q')
,' r', ' R')
,' s', ' S')
,' t', ' T')
,' u', ' U')
,' v', ' V')
,' w', ' W')
,' x', ' X')
,' y', ' Y')
,' z', ' Z')
FROM [Dictionaries].[dbo].[Cities]
WHERE Country = 'US' AND City like '% %'
ORDER BY City
我正在寻找最好的大写方式,我重新创建了简单的 sql 脚本
如何使用 SELECT dbo.Capitalyze('这是一个有多个空格的测试')
结果“这是一个包含多个空格的测试”
CREATE FUNCTION Capitalyze(@input varchar(100) ) 返回 varchar(100) 作为开始
declare @index int=0
declare @char as varchar(1)=' '
declare @prevCharIsSpace as bit=1
declare @Result as varchar(100)=''
set @input=UPPER(LEFT(@input,1))+LOWER(SUBSTRING(@input, 2, LEN(@input)))
set @index=PATINDEX('% _%',@input)
if @index=0
set @index=len(@input)
set @Result=substring(@input,0,@index+1)
WHILE (@index < len(@input))
BEGIN
SET @index = @index + 1
SET @char=substring(@input,@index,1)
if (@prevCharIsSpace=1)
begin
set @char=UPPER(@char)
if (@char=' ')
set @char=''
end
if (@char=' ')
set @prevCharIsSpace=1
else
set @prevCharIsSpace=0
set @Result=@Result+@char
--print @Result
END
--print @Result
return @Result
结尾
fname 是列名,如果 fname 值为 akhil,则 UPPER(left(fname,1)) 提供大写首字母 (A) 和子字符串函数 SUBSTRING(fname,2,LEN(fname)) 提供(khil) 使用 + 然后结果连接两者是(阿基尔)
select UPPER(left(fname,1))+SUBSTRING(fname,2,LEN(fname)) as fname
FROM [dbo].[akhil]
在SQL Server 2016+ 上使用 JSON 提供保证的单词顺序:
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[InitCap](@Text NVARCHAR(MAX))
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
RETURN STUFF((
SELECT ' ' + UPPER(LEFT(s.value,1)) + LOWER(SUBSTRING(s.value,2,LEN(s.value)))
FROM OPENJSON('["' + REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@Text,'\','\\'),'"','\"'),CHAR(9),'\t'),CHAR(10),'\n'),' ','","') + '"]') s
ORDER BY s.[key]
FOR XML PATH(''),TYPE).value('(./text())[1]','NVARCHAR(MAX)'),1,1,'');
END
GO
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[Capitalize](@text NVARCHAR(MAX)) RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @result NVARCHAR(MAX) = '';
DECLARE @c NVARCHAR(1);
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
DECLARE @isPrevSpace BIT = 1;
WHILE @i <= LEN(@text)
BEGIN
SET @c = SUBSTRING(@text, @i, 1);
SET @result += IIF(@isPrevSpace = 1, UPPER(@c), LOWER(@c));
SET @isPrevSpace = IIF(@c LIKE '[ -]', 1, 0);
SET @i += 1;
END
RETURN @result;
END
GO
DECLARE @sentence NVARCHAR(100) = N'i-thINK-this soLUTION-works-LiKe-a charm';
PRINT dbo.Capitalize(@sentence);
-- I-Think-This Solution-Works-Like-A Charm
SELECT dbo.ProperCase('Xyz 在 qrst 之后')
建议的功能可以正常工作,但是,如果您不想创建任何功能,我就是这样做的-
select ID,Name
,string_agg(concat(upper(substring(value,1,1)),lower(substring(value,2,len(value)-1))),' ') as ModifiedName
from Table_Customer
cross apply String_Split(replace(trim(Name),' ',' '),' ')
where Name is not null
group by ID,Name;
上面的查询用空格 (' ') 分割单词并创建每个具有一个子字符串的不同行,然后将每个子字符串的第一个字母转换为大写字母并保持保持为小写字母。最后一步是根据键进行字符串聚合。
希望你觉得它有用!
IF OBJECT_ID ('dbo.fnCapitalizeFirstLetterAndChangeDelimiter') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION dbo.fnCapitalizeFirstLetterAndChangeDelimiter
GO
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fnCapitalizeFirstLetterAndChangeDelimiter] (@string NVARCHAR(MAX), @delimiter NCHAR(1), @new_delimeter NCHAR(1))
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @result NVARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT @result = '';
IF (LEN(@string) > 0)
DECLARE @curr INT
DECLARE @next INT
BEGIN
SELECT @curr = 1
SELECT @next = CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @string)
WHILE (LEN(@string) > 0)
BEGIN
SELECT @result =
@result +
CASE WHEN LEN(@result) > 0 THEN @new_delimeter ELSE '' END +
UPPER(SUBSTRING(@string, @curr, 1)) +
CASE
WHEN @next <> 0
THEN LOWER(SUBSTRING(@string, @curr+1, @next-2))
ELSE LOWER(SUBSTRING(@string, @curr+1, LEN(@string)-@curr))
END
IF (@next > 0)
BEGIN
SELECT @string = SUBSTRING(@string, @next+1, LEN(@string)-@next)
SELECT @next = CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @string)
END
ELSE
SELECT @string = ''
END
END
RETURN @result
END
GO
你应该试试这个
Select INITCAP(column_name) from table_name;
这将大写提到的属性条目的第一个字母。