由于这个问题使用列表,我想使用 DCG 解决它。在这个过程中,我意识到可以使用半上下文。( DCG 入门)
最初的问题是返回列表中项目的计数,但如果两个相同的项目彼此相邻,则不要增加计数。
虽然我的代码适用于某些测试用例,但它不适用于其他测试用例。这只是一个失败的条款。在使用调试器查看代码时,似乎第二个状态变量,即返回的列表,在我认为它应该未绑定时,在调用该子句时被绑定。编辑在下面解决了这部分问题。
我正在使用 SWI-Prolog 8.0。
导致问题的子句:
count_dcg(N0,N),[C2] -->
[C1,C2],
{ N is N0 + 1 }.
注意:C1 被标记为Singleton variables: [C1]
通常我会更改C1
为,_
但在这种情况下,我需要指出当前正在处理的第一个和第二个项目是不同的。换句话说,它是在以统一的失败作为保护。
使用 Listing/1 查看 DCG 会发现_
可能是问题但不确定的用途。
count_dcg(C, B, A, E) :-
A=[_, F|D],
B is C+1,
G=D,
E=[F|G].
使用 DCG 解决问题的正确方法是什么?
请参阅后续问题。
当前源代码
% empty list
% No semicontext (push back) needed because last item in list.
count_dcg(N,N) --> [].
% single item in list
% No semicontext (push back) needed because only one item removed from list.
count_dcg(N0,N) -->
[_],
\+ [_],
{ N is N0 + 1 }.
% Semicontext (push back) needed because two items removed from list.
% Need second item to stay on list.
count_dcg(N,N),[C] -->
[C,C].
% Semicontext (push back) needed because two items removed from list.
% Need second item to stay on list.
count_dcg(N0,N),[C2] -->
[C1,C2],
{ N is N0 + 1 }.
count(L,N) :-
DCG = count_dcg(0,N),
phrase(DCG,L).
测试用例
:- begin_tests(count).
test(1,[nondet]) :-
count([],N),
assertion( N == 0 ).
test(2,[nondet]) :-
count([a],N),
assertion( N == 1 ).
test(3,[nondet]) :-
count([a,a],N),
assertion( N == 1 ).
test(4,[nondet]) :-
count([a,b],N),
assertion( N == 2 ).
test(5,[nondet]) :-
count([b,a],N),
assertion( N == 2 ).
test(6,[nondet]) :-
count([a,a,b],N),
assertion( N == 2 ).
test(7,[nondet]) :-
count([a,b,a],N),
assertion( N == 3 ).
test(8,[nondet]) :-
count([b,a,a],N),
assertion( N == 2 ).
:- end_tests(count).
运行测试
?- run_tests.
% PL-Unit: count ..
ERROR: c:/question_110.pl:80:
test 3: failed
ERROR: c:/question_110.pl:84:
test 4: failed
ERROR: c:/question_110.pl:88:
test 5: failed
ERROR: c:/question_110.pl:92:
test 6: failed
ERROR: c:/question_110.pl:96:
test 7: failed
ERROR: c:/question_110.pl:100:
test 8: failed
done
% 6 tests failed
% 2 tests passed
false.
编辑 1
意识到需要对两个谓词进行尾调用
% Semicontext (push back) needed because two items removed from list.
% Need second item to stay on list.
count_dcg(N0,N),[C] -->
[C,C],
count_dcg(N0,N).
% Semicontext (push back) needed because two items removed from list.
% Need second item to stay on list.
count_dcg(N0,N),[C2] -->
[C1,C2],
{
C1 \== C2,
N1 is N0 + 1
},
count_dcg(N1,N).
代码仍然无法正常工作,但这解释了为什么状态变量在我期望它未绑定时被绑定。
编辑 2
虽然没有像我希望的那样使用 DCG 半上下文,但使用半上下文的变体作为前瞻,代码可以工作。不将此作为答案发布,因为我希望答案要么显示 DCG 代码与子句标题上的半上下文一起使用,要么解释为什么这是错误的。
lookahead(C),[C] -->
[C].
% empty list
% No lookahead needed because last item in list.
count_3_dcg(N,N) --> [].
% single item in list
% No lookahead needed because only one in list.
count_3_dcg(N0,N) -->
[_],
\+ [_],
{ N is N0 + 1 }.
% Lookahead needed because two items in list and
% only want to remove first item.
count_3_dcg(N0,N) -->
[C1],
lookahead(C2),
{ C1 == C2 },
count_3_dcg(N0,N).
% Lookahead needed because two items in list and
% only want to remove first item.
count_3_dcg(N0,N) -->
[C1],
lookahead(C2),
{
C1 \== C2,
N1 is N0 + 1
},
count_3_dcg(N1,N).
count(L,N) :-
DCG = count_3_dcg(0,N),
phrase(DCG,L).
运行测试
?- run_tests.
% PL-Unit: count ........ done
% All 8 tests passed
true.