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我被一个问题困住了,我真的很迷茫,不知道该怎么办。我使用查询缓存+二级缓存,我想将结果正确缓存10秒。所以这是我的

ehcache.xml

<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd">
    <diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir"/>

    <cache name = "TestEntity"
           maxElementsInMemory="100"
           eternal="false"
           timeToLiveSeconds="11"
           memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
    </cache>

    <cache name="org.hibernate.cache.internal.StandardQueryCache"
           maxElementsInMemory="100"
           eternal="false"
           timeToLiveSeconds="10"
           memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
    </cache>

    <defaultCache
            maxElementsInMemory="10000"
            eternal="false"
            timeToLiveSeconds="120"
            maxElementsOnDisk="100"
            diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
        <persistence strategy="localTempSwap"/>
    </defaultCache>
</ehcache>

首先,我使用insert()方法填充我的数据库。然后,我第一次调用我的select()方法来获取数据。一切正常 - 查询和实体被缓存,如果我在 2 秒后调用select()方法,我将在没有对数据库的任何请求的情况下获取数据。然后我等待 12 秒(以使缓存完全过期),调用select()并在再次调用select()后 2 秒。这就是我得到 n+1 选择的地方:

2019-02-13 18:52:17,101 [DEBUG] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:92) 选择 testentity0_.id 作为 id1_0_0_,testentity0_.value 作为 value2_0_0_ 来自 test testentity0_ where testentity0_ .id=? 2019-02-13 18:52:17,107 [DEBUG] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:92) 选择 testentity0_.id 作为 id1_0_0_,testentity0_.value 作为 value2_0_0_ 从 test testentity0_ 哪里 testentity0_ .id=? 2019-02-13 18:52:17,108 [DEBUG] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:92) 选择 testentity0_.id 作为 id1_0_0_, testentity0_.value 作为 value2_0_0_ 从 test testentity0_ where testentity0_ .id=? 2019-02-13 18:52:17,108 [调试] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger. java:92) 选择 testentity0_.id 作为 id1_0_0_, testentity0_.value 作为 value2_0_0_ 从 test testentity0_ where testentity0_.id=? 2019-02-13 18:52:17,109 [DEBUG] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:92) 选择 testentity0_.id 作为 id1_0_0_,testentity0_.value 作为 value2_0_0_ 从 test testentity0_ where testentity0_ .id=?

我知道发出这些请求是因为查询缓存仅缓存 id,而且二级缓存中似乎缺少这些 id 的实体。但为什么他们失踪了?当我启用完整日志记录时,我看到在第三次调用select()之后有日志条目,例如

将实体添加到二级缓存:[TestEntity#1]

因此,如果实体被添加到二级缓存并且它们应该只在 11 秒后过期,为什么它们会在 2 秒后丢失?

我的pom.xml的一部分:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.194</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.7.Final</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.7.Final</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.7.Final</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

持久性.xml

<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
             version="2.0">
    <persistence-unit name="main">
        <class>TestEntity</class>

        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>

        <properties>
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop"/>
            <property name="hibernate.use_sql_comments" value="true"/>
            <property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache" value="true"/>
            <property name="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class" value="org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory"/>
            <property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache" value="true"/>
            <property name="net.sf.ehcache.configurationResourceName" value="ehcache.xml"/>
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

测试实体.java

import org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy;

import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 * User: Kirill Smirnov (k.smirnov@sirena2000.ru)
 * Date: 18.12.18
 * Time: 19:20
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "test")
@Cacheable
@org.hibernate.annotations.Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_ONLY)
public class TestEntity {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(generator = "test_seq")
    @SequenceGenerator(name = "test_seq", sequenceName="TEST_SEQ")
    @Column(name = "id")
    private int id;

    @Column(name = "value", nullable = false)
    private String value;

    public TestEntity() {
    }

    public TestEntity(String value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    public void setValue(String value) {
        this.value = value;
    }
}

主.java

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
import javax.persistence.TypedQuery;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * User: Kirill Smirnov (k.smirnov@sirena2000.ru)
 * Date: 14.11.14
 * Time: 15:55
 */
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Properties entityManagerFactoryProperties = new Properties();

        entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("javax.persistence.jdbc.driver", "org.h2.Driver");
        entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("javax.persistence.jdbc.url", "jdbc:h2:mem:");
        entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("javax.persistence.jdbc.user", "sa");
        entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("javax.persistence.jdbc.password", "");
        entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("hibernate.c3p0.min_size", "" + 1);
        entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("hibernate.c3p0.max_size", "" + 1);
        entityManagerFactoryProperties.setProperty("hibernate.c3p0.timeout", "" + 5000);

        EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("main", entityManagerFactoryProperties);

        insert(entityManagerFactory);

        select(entityManagerFactory);
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        select(entityManagerFactory);

        Thread.sleep(12000);

        select(entityManagerFactory);
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        select(entityManagerFactory);

        entityManagerFactory.close();
    }

    private static void insert(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
        EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();

        entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
        try {
            entityManager.persist(new TestEntity("1"));
            entityManager.persist(new TestEntity("2"));
            entityManager.persist(new TestEntity("3"));
            entityManager.persist(new TestEntity("4"));
            entityManager.persist(new TestEntity("5"));
            entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            entityManager.getTransaction().rollback();
            throw e;
        } finally {
            entityManager.close();
        }
    }

    private static void select(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
        EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();

        entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
        try {
            String queryText = "FROM TestEntity";

            TypedQuery<TestEntity> query = entityManager.createQuery(queryText, TestEntity.class).setHint("org.hibernate.cacheable", true);
            query.getResultList();
            entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            entityManager.getTransaction().rollback();
            throw e;
        } finally {
            entityManager.close();
        }
    }
}

PS我猜这个问题的原因是Hibernate中的一个错误。如果我从 5.2 升级到 5.4,问题就会消失。但是我接受弗拉德的回答,因为它通常包含有用的信息。

4

1 回答 1

2

这就是臭名昭著的N+1 Query Cache issue

您必须确保实体缓存区域的 TTL(生存时间)高于查询缓存或集合缓存的 TTL。

否则,Hibernate 将在查询缓存或集合缓存中找到实体标识符,并假定实体已经存储在实体缓存区域中。但是如果实体在实体缓存中没有找到,那么它们只能从数据库中获取,因此会触发 N+1 查询问题。

现在,回到您的设置。这是您为实体缓存区域设置的内容:

<cache name = "TestEntity"
       maxElementsInMemory="100"
       eternal="false"
       timeToLiveSeconds="10"
       memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
</cache>

请注意,timeToLiveSeconds仅设置为10秒。

QueryCache 设置如下:

<cache name="org.hibernate.cache.internal.StandardQueryCache"
       maxElementsInMemory="100"
       eternal="false"
       timeToLiveSeconds="10"
       memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
</cache>

因此,timeToLiveSeconds也将其设置为10秒,并确保实体查询缓存未设置为比查询缓存和关联的集合缓存更早过期。

接下来,提高timeToLiveSecondstoTestEntity60seconds 120。或者制作它eternal = true并禁用 ,TTL因为实体正在使用CacheConcurrencyStartegy.READ_ONLY.

<cache name = "TestEntity"
       maxElementsInMemory="100"
       eternal="false"
       timeToLiveSeconds="60"
       memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
</cache>
于 2019-02-14T09:28:20.320 回答