我在编写匹配有效 IPv6 地址的正则表达式时遇到问题，包括压缩形式的地址（::每个字节对中省略或前导零）。
有人可以建议一个可以满足要求的正则表达式吗？
我正在考虑扩展每个字节对并将结果与更简单的正则表达式匹配。
Tim
问问题
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30 回答
290
我无法获得@Factor Mystic 使用 POSIX 正则表达式的答案，所以我写了一个使用 POSIX 正则表达式和 PERL 正则表达式的答案。
它应该匹配：
- IPv6 地址
- 零压缩 IPv6 地址（rfc5952 的第 2.2 节）
- 具有区域索引的链接本地 IPv6 地址（rfc4007 的第 11 节）
- IPv4 嵌入式 IPv6 地址（rfc6052 的第 2 节）
- IPv4 映射的 IPv6 地址（rfc2765 的第 2.1 节）
- IPv4 转换地址（rfc2765 的第 2.1 节）
IPv6 正则表达式：
(([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}|[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})|:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)|fe80:(:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}|::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9]))
为便于阅读，以下是上述正则表达式在主要 OR 点处拆分为单独的行：
# IPv6 RegEx
(
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}| # 1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:| # 1:: 1:2:3:4:5:6:7::
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}| # 1::8 1:2:3:4:5:6::8 1:2:3:4:5:6::8
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}| # 1::7:8 1:2:3:4:5::7:8 1:2:3:4:5::8
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}| # 1::6:7:8 1:2:3:4::6:7:8 1:2:3:4::8
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}| # 1::5:6:7:8 1:2:3::5:6:7:8 1:2:3::8
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}| # 1::4:5:6:7:8 1:2::4:5:6:7:8 1:2::8
[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})| # 1::3:4:5:6:7:8 1::3:4:5:6:7:8 1::8
:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)| # ::2:3:4:5:6:7:8 ::2:3:4:5:6:7:8 ::8 ::
fe80:(:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}| # fe80::7:8%eth0 fe80::7:8%1 (link-local IPv6 addresses with zone index)
::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}
((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}
(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])| # ::255.255.255.255 ::ffff:255.255.255.255 ::ffff:0:255.255.255.255 (IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses and IPv4-translated addresses)
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:
((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}
(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9]) # 2001:db8:3:4::192.0.2.33 64:ff9b::192.0.2.33 (IPv4-Embedded IPv6 Address)
)
# IPv4 RegEx
((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])
为了使上述内容更容易理解，以下“伪”代码复制了上述内容：
IPV4SEG = (25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])
IPV4ADDR = (IPV4SEG\.){3,3}IPV4SEG
IPV6SEG = [0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}
IPV6ADDR = (
(IPV6SEG:){7,7}IPV6SEG| # 1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8
(IPV6SEG:){1,7}:| # 1:: 1:2:3:4:5:6:7::
(IPV6SEG:){1,6}:IPV6SEG| # 1::8 1:2:3:4:5:6::8 1:2:3:4:5:6::8
(IPV6SEG:){1,5}(:IPV6SEG){1,2}| # 1::7:8 1:2:3:4:5::7:8 1:2:3:4:5::8
(IPV6SEG:){1,4}(:IPV6SEG){1,3}| # 1::6:7:8 1:2:3:4::6:7:8 1:2:3:4::8
(IPV6SEG:){1,3}(:IPV6SEG){1,4}| # 1::5:6:7:8 1:2:3::5:6:7:8 1:2:3::8
(IPV6SEG:){1,2}(:IPV6SEG){1,5}| # 1::4:5:6:7:8 1:2::4:5:6:7:8 1:2::8
IPV6SEG:((:IPV6SEG){1,6})| # 1::3:4:5:6:7:8 1::3:4:5:6:7:8 1::8
:((:IPV6SEG){1,7}|:)| # ::2:3:4:5:6:7:8 ::2:3:4:5:6:7:8 ::8 ::
fe80:(:IPV6SEG){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}| # fe80::7:8%eth0 fe80::7:8%1 (link-local IPv6 addresses with zone index)
::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}IPV4ADDR| # ::255.255.255.255 ::ffff:255.255.255.255 ::ffff:0:255.255.255.255 (IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses and IPv4-translated addresses)
(IPV6SEG:){1,4}:IPV4ADDR # 2001:db8:3:4::192.0.2.33 64:ff9b::192.0.2.33 (IPv4-Embedded IPv6 Address)
)
我在 GitHub 上发布了一个测试正则表达式的脚本：https ://gist.github.com/syzdek/6086792
于 2013-07-26T02:06:23.153 回答
54
以下将验证 IPv4、IPv6（完整和压缩）和 IPv6v4（完整和压缩）地址：
'/^(?>(?>([a-f0-9]{1,4})(?>:(?1)){7}|(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9](?>:|$)){8,})((?1)(?>:(?1)){0,6})?::(?2)?)|(?>(?>(?1)(?>:(?1)){5}:|(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9]:){6,})(?3)?::(?>((?1)(?>:(?1)){0,4}):)?)?(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|[1-9]?[0-9])(?>\.(?4)){3}))$/iD'
于 2009-12-20T00:15:29.300 回答
26
听起来您可能正在使用 Python。如果是这样，你可以使用这样的东西：
import socket
def check_ipv6(n):
try:
socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, n)
return True
except socket.error:
return False
print check_ipv6('::1') # True
print check_ipv6('foo') # False
print check_ipv6(5) # TypeError exception
print check_ipv6(None) # TypeError exception
我认为您不必将 IPv6 编译到 Python 中即可 get inet_pton，如果您socket.AF_INET作为第一个参数传入，它也可以解析 IPv4 地址。注意：这可能不适用于非 Unix 系统。
于 2008-09-17T10:39:49.647 回答
26
从“ IPv6 正则表达式”：
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,1}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,6}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,5}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,4}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,3}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,2}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,6}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,1}\Z)|
(\A(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,7}|:):\Z)|
(\A:(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,7}\Z)|
(\A((([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6})(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3})\Z)|
(\A(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}[0-9a-f]{1,4}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3})\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,1}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,4}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,3}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,2}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,1}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)|
(\A(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,5}|:):(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)|
(\A:(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,5}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)
于 2008-09-10T06:01:10.763 回答
15
这也捕获了 loopback(::1) 和 ipv6 地址。将 {} 更改为 + 并将 : 放在第一个方括号内。
([a-f0-9:]+:+)+[a-f0-9]+
使用 ifconfig -a output http://regexr.com/进行测试
Unix 或 Mac OSx 终端 o 选项仅返回匹配的输出 (ipv6)，包括 ::1
ifconfig -a | egrep -o '([a-f0-9:]+:+)+[a-f0-9]+'
获取所有 IP 地址（IPv4 或 IPv6）并在 unix OSx 术语上打印匹配项
ifconfig -a | egrep -o '([0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}) | (([a-f0-9:]+:+)+[a-f0-9]+)'
于 2016-05-20T20:31:41.570 回答
11
I'd have to strongly second the answer from Frank Krueger.
Whilst you say you need a regular expression to match an IPv6 address, I'm assuming what you really need is to be able to check if a given string is a valid IPv6 address. There is a subtle but important distinction here.
There is more than one way to check if a given string is a valid IPv6 address and regular expression matching is only one solution.
Use an existing library if you can. The library will have fewer bugs and its use will result in less code for you to maintain.
The regular expression suggested by Factor Mystic is long and complex. It most likely works, but you should also consider how you'd cope if it unexpectedly fails. The point I'm trying to make here is that if you can't form a required regular expression yourself you won't be able to easily debug it.
If you have no suitable library it may be better to write your own IPv6 validation routine that doesn't depend on regular expressions. If you write it you understand it and if you understand it you can add comments to explain it so that others can also understand and subsequently maintain it.
Act with caution when using a regular expression whose functionality you can't explain to someone else.
于 2008-09-10T07:55:04.767 回答
8
此正则表达式将根据使用 REGULAR EXTENDED 模式的正则表达式的 GNU C++ 实现匹配有效的 IPv6 和 IPv4 地址：
"^\s*((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3}))|:)))(%.+)?\s*$"
于 2011-04-06T14:23:38.570 回答
8
我不是 Ipv6 专家，但我认为使用这个可以更轻松地获得相当不错的结果：
^([0-9A-Fa-f]{0,4}:){2,7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}$|((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)(\.|$)){4})$
回答“是有效的 ipv6”对我来说似乎没问题。把它分成几部分……算了。我省略了未指定的（::)，因为在我的数据库中没有“未指定的地址”。
开头：
^([0-9A-Fa-f]{0,4}:){2,7}<--匹配可压缩部分，我们可以将其翻译为：2到7个冒号之间可能有十六进制数。
后跟：
[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}$<-- 十六进制数（省略前导 0）或
((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)(\.|$)){4}<-- Ipv4 地址
于 2013-02-19T15:18:27.693 回答
5
如果你使用 Perl 试试Net::IPv6Addr
use Net::IPv6Addr;
if( defined Net::IPv6Addr::is_ipv6($ip_address) ){
print "Looks like an ipv6 address\n";
}
use NetAddr::IP;
my $obj = NetAddr::IP->new6($ip_address);
use Validate::IP qw'is_ipv6';
if( is_ipv6($ip_address) ){
print "Looks like an ipv6 address\n";
}
于 2008-09-13T22:30:21.890 回答
5
一个简单的正则表达式将匹配，但我不建议进行任何类型的验证是这样的：
([A-Fa-f0-9]{1,4}::?){1,7}[A-Fa-f0-9]{1,4}
请注意，这匹配地址中任何位置的压缩，尽管它不会匹配环回地址 ::1。为了保持正则表达式的简单，我发现这是一个合理的折衷方案。
我在 iTerm2智能选择规则中成功使用它来四击 IPv6 地址。
于 2013-04-13T13:23:20.990 回答
5
谨防！在Java中，使用InetAddress和相关类（Inet4Address、Inet6Address、URL）可能会涉及到网络流量！例如 DNS 解析（URL.equals，来自字符串的 InetAddress！）。此调用可能需要很长时间并且正在阻塞！
对于 IPv6，我有类似的东西。这当然不能处理 IPv6 的非常微妙的细节，例如区域索引只允许在某些类型的 IPv6 地址上。而且这个正则表达式不是为组捕获而编写的，它只是一种“匹配”的正则表达式。
S- IPv6 段 =[0-9a-f]{1,4}
I- IPv4 =(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9]{1,2})\.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9]{1,2})
示意图（第一部分匹配带有 IPv4 后缀的 IPv6 地址，第二部分匹配 IPv6 地址，最后部分是区域索引）：
(
(
::(S:){0,5}|
S::(S:){0,4}|
(S:){2}:(S:){0,3}|
(S:){3}:(S:){0,2}|
(S:){4}:(S:)?|
(S:){5}:|
(S:){6}
)
I
|
:(:|(:S){1,7})|
S:(:|(:S){1,6})|
(S:){2}(:|(:S){1,5})|
(S:){3}(:|(:S){1,4})|
(S:){4}(:|(:S){1,3})|
(S:){5}(:|(:S){1,2})|
(S:){6}(:|(:S))|
(S:){7}:|
(S:){7}S
)
(?:%[0-9a-z]+)?
这里是可能的正则表达式（不区分大小写，围绕需要的内容，如行首/行尾等）：
(?:
(?:
::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,5}|
[0-9a-f]{1,4}::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,4}|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){2}:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,3}|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){3}:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,2}|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){4}:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:)?|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}:|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6}
)
(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9]{1,2})\.){3}
(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9]{1,2})|
:(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,7})|
[0-9a-f]{1,4}:(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,6})|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){2}(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,5})|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){3}(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,4})|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){4}(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,3})|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,2})|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6}(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}))|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){7}:|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){7}[0-9a-f]{1,4}
)
(?:%[0-9a-z]+)?
于 2013-07-27T07:57:01.423 回答
5
以下正则表达式仅适用于 IPv6。组 1 与 IP 匹配。
(([0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}:){1,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4})
于 2018-05-17T07:12:18.257 回答
3
当您考虑具有嵌入式 ipv4 的地址和压缩的地址时，ipv6 的正则表达式可能会变得非常棘手，正如您从其中一些答案中看到的那样。
开源 IPAddress Java 库将验证 IPv6 和 IPv4 的所有标准表示，并且还支持前缀长度（以及此类验证）。免责声明：我是那个图书馆的项目经理。
代码示例：
try {
IPAddressString str = new IPAddressString("::1");
IPAddress addr = str.toAddress();
if(addr.isIPv6() || addr.isIPv6Convertible()) {
IPv6Address ipv6Addr = addr.toIPv6();
}
//use address
} catch(AddressStringException e) {
//e.getMessage has validation error
}
于 2017-12-18T02:06:01.823 回答
2
查看其他答案中包含的模式，可以通过引用组和利用前瞻来改进许多好的模式。这是一个自引用模式的示例，如果我必须在 PHP 中使用它：
^(?<hgroup>(?<hex>[[:xdigit:]]{0,4}) # grab a sequence of up to 4 hex digits
# and name this pattern for usage later
(?<!:::):{1,2}) # match 1 or 2 ':' characters
# as long as we can't match 3
(?&hgroup){1,6} # match our hex group 1 to 6 more times
(?:(?:
# match an ipv4 address or
(?<dgroup>2[0-5]|(?:2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3}(?&dgroup)
# match our hex group one last time
|(?&hex))$
注意： PHP 有一个内置过滤器，这将是比这种模式更好的解决方案。
于 2014-03-11T15:10:36.910 回答
2
我使用 python 生成了以下内容并使用 re 模块。前瞻断言确保地址中出现正确数量的点或冒号。它不支持 IPv6 表示法中的 IPv4。
pattern = '^(?=\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}$)(?:(?:25[0-5]|[12][0-4][0-9]|1[5-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])\.?){4}$|(?=^(?:[0-9a-f]{0,4}:){2,7}[0-9a-f]{0,4}$)(?![^:]*::.+::[^:]*$)(?:(?=.*::.*)|(?=\w+:\w+:\w+:\w+:\w+:\w+:\w+:\w+))(?:(?:^|:)(?:[0-9a-f]{4}|[1-9a-f][0-9a-f]{0,3})){0,8}(?:::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?:$|:)){0,6})?$'
result = re.match(pattern, ip)
if result: result.group(0)
于 2016-10-03T22:20:52.727 回答
2
根据您的需要，近似值如下：
[0-9a-f:]+
可能就足够了（例如，与简单的日志文件 grepping 一样。）
于 2016-08-30T21:42:54.147 回答
2
在Scala中使用众所周知的 Apache Commons 验证器。
http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-validator/commons-validator/1.4.1
libraryDependencies += "commons-validator" % "commons-validator" % "1.4.1"
import org.apache.commons.validator.routines._
/**
* Validates if the passed ip is a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address.
*
* @param ip The IP address to validate.
* @return True if the passed IP address is valid, false otherwise.
*/
def ip(ip: String) = InetAddressValidator.getInstance().isValid(ip)
按照方法的测试ip(ip: String)：
"The `ip` validator" should {
"return false if the IPv4 is invalid" in {
ip("123") must beFalse
ip("255.255.255.256") must beFalse
ip("127.1") must beFalse
ip("30.168.1.255.1") must beFalse
ip("-1.2.3.4") must beFalse
}
"return true if the IPv4 is valid" in {
ip("255.255.255.255") must beTrue
ip("127.0.0.1") must beTrue
ip("0.0.0.0") must beTrue
}
//IPv6
//@see: http://www.ronnutter.com/ipv6-cheatsheet-on-identifying-valid-ipv6-addresses/
"return false if the IPv6 is invalid" in {
ip("1200::AB00:1234::2552:7777:1313") must beFalse
}
"return true if the IPv6 is valid" in {
ip("1200:0000:AB00:1234:0000:2552:7777:1313") must beTrue
ip("21DA:D3:0:2F3B:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A") must beTrue
}
}
于 2015-10-06T12:51:57.233 回答
1
在 Java 中，您可以使用库类sun.net.util.IPAddressUtil：
IPAddressUtil.isIPv6LiteralAddress(iPaddress);
于 2010-10-01T08:06:15.053 回答
1
It is difficult to find a regular expression which works for all IPv6 cases. They are usually hard to maintain, not easily readable and may cause performance problems. Hence, I want to share an alternative solution which I have developed: Regular Expression (RegEx) for IPv6 Separate from IPv4
Now you may ask that "This method only finds IPv6, how can I find IPv6 in a text or file?" Here are methods for this issue too.
Note: If you do not want to use IPAddress class in .NET, you can also replace it with my method. It also covers mapped IPv4 and special cases too, while IPAddress does not cover.
class IPv6
{
public List<string> FindIPv6InFile(string filePath)
{
Char ch;
StringBuilder sbIPv6 = new StringBuilder();
List<string> listIPv6 = new List<string>();
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(filePath);
do
{
bool hasColon = false;
int length = 0;
do
{
ch = (char)reader.Read();
if (IsEscapeChar(ch))
break;
//Check the first 5 chars, if it has colon, then continue appending to stringbuilder
if (!hasColon && length < 5)
{
if (ch == ':')
{
hasColon = true;
}
sbIPv6.Append(ch.ToString());
}
else if (hasColon) //if no colon in first 5 chars, then dont append to stringbuilder
{
sbIPv6.Append(ch.ToString());
}
length++;
} while (!reader.EndOfStream);
if (hasColon && !listIPv6.Contains(sbIPv6.ToString()) && IsIPv6(sbIPv6.ToString()))
{
listIPv6.Add(sbIPv6.ToString());
}
sbIPv6.Clear();
} while (!reader.EndOfStream);
reader.Close();
reader.Dispose();
return listIPv6;
}
public List<string> FindIPv6InText(string text)
{
StringBuilder sbIPv6 = new StringBuilder();
List<string> listIPv6 = new List<string>();
for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
{
bool hasColon = false;
int length = 0;
do
{
if (IsEscapeChar(text[length + i]))
break;
//Check the first 5 chars, if it has colon, then continue appending to stringbuilder
if (!hasColon && length < 5)
{
if (text[length + i] == ':')
{
hasColon = true;
}
sbIPv6.Append(text[length + i].ToString());
}
else if (hasColon) //if no colon in first 5 chars, then dont append to stringbuilder
{
sbIPv6.Append(text[length + i].ToString());
}
length++;
} while (i + length != text.Length);
if (hasColon && !listIPv6.Contains(sbIPv6.ToString()) && IsIPv6(sbIPv6.ToString()))
{
listIPv6.Add(sbIPv6.ToString());
}
i += length;
sbIPv6.Clear();
}
return listIPv6;
}
bool IsEscapeChar(char ch)
{
if (ch != ' ' && ch != '\r' && ch != '\n' && ch!='\t')
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool IsIPv6(string maybeIPv6)
{
IPAddress ip;
if (IPAddress.TryParse(maybeIPv6, out ip))
{
return ip.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
于 2015-02-03T00:38:13.930 回答
1
使用红宝石？尝试这个：
/^(((?=.*(::))(?!.*\3.+\3))\3?|[\dA-F]{1,4}:)([\dA-F]{1,4}(\3|:\b)|\2){5}(([\dA-F]{1,4}(\3|:\b|$)|\2){2}|(((2[0-4]|1\d|[1-9])?\d|25[0-5])\.?\b){4})\z/i
于 2013-01-16T18:15:59.767 回答
1
InetAddressUtils定义了所有模式。我最终直接使用了他们的模式，并将其粘贴在这里以供参考：
private static final String IPV4_BASIC_PATTERN_STRING =
"(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\\.){3}" + // initial 3 fields, 0-255 followed by .
"([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])"; // final field, 0-255
private static final Pattern IPV4_PATTERN =
Pattern.compile("^" + IPV4_BASIC_PATTERN_STRING + "$");
private static final Pattern IPV4_MAPPED_IPV6_PATTERN = // TODO does not allow for redundant leading zeros
Pattern.compile("^::[fF]{4}:" + IPV4_BASIC_PATTERN_STRING + "$");
private static final Pattern IPV6_STD_PATTERN =
Pattern.compile(
"^[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){7}$");
private static final Pattern IPV6_HEX_COMPRESSED_PATTERN =
Pattern.compile(
"^(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5})?)" + // 0-6 hex fields
"::" +
"(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5})?)$"); // 0-6 hex fields
于 2015-02-25T05:37:08.417 回答
0
对于 PHP 5.2+ 用户来说filter_var效果很好。
我知道这不能回答最初的问题（特别是正则表达式解决方案），但我发布这个是希望它可以在未来帮助其他人。
$is_ip4address = (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV4) !== FALSE);
$is_ip6address = (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV6) !== FALSE);
于 2013-11-18T22:50:47.850 回答
0
您可以使用我为此目的制作的 ipextract shell 工具。它们基于正则表达式和 grep。
用法：
$ ifconfig | ipextract6
fe80::1%lo0
::1
fe80::7ed1:c3ff:feec:dee1%en0
于 2014-02-22T23:33:46.133 回答
0
这是我想出的，使用了一些前瞻和命名组。这当然只是 IPv6，但如果您想添加 IPv4，它不应该干扰其他模式：
(?=([0-9a-f]+(:[0-9a-f])*)?(?P<wild>::)(?!([0-9a-f]+:)*:))(::)?([0-9a-f]{1,4}:{1,2}){0,6}(?(wild)[0-9a-f]{0,4}|[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4})
于 2014-09-29T17:14:12.420 回答
0
只需匹配来自包含方括号的来源的本地内容。我知道它没有那么全面，但是在 javascript 中，其他的很难追踪主要是不工作的问题，所以这似乎让我得到了我现在需要的东西。也不需要额外的大写字母AF。
^\[([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})(\:{1,2})([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})(\:{1,2})([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})(\:{1,2})([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})(\:{1,2})([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})\]
Jinnko 的版本是简化的，我看到的更好。
于 2017-04-09T13:33:38.677 回答
0
如上所述，获得 IPv6 文本表示验证解析器的另一种方法是使用编程。这是完全符合 RFC-4291 和 RFC-5952 的。我已经用 ANSI C 编写了这段代码（与 GCC 一起使用，在 Linux 上通过了测试 - 与 clang 一起使用，在 FreeBSD 上通过了测试）。因此，它只依赖于 ANSI C 标准库，所以它可以在任何地方编译（我在 FreeBSD 的内核模块中使用它来解析 IPv6）。
// IPv6 textual representation validating parser fully compliant with RFC-4291 and RFC-5952
// BSD-licensed / Copyright 2015-2017 Alexandre Fenyo
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
typedef enum { false, true } bool;
static const char hexdigits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
static int digit2int(const char digit) {
return strchr(hexdigits, digit) - hexdigits;
}
// This IPv6 address parser handles any valid textual representation according to RFC-4291 and RFC-5952.
// Other representations will return -1.
//
// note that str input parameter has been modified when the function call returns
//
// parse_ipv6(char *str, struct in6_addr *retaddr)
// parse textual representation of IPv6 addresses
// str: input arg
// retaddr: output arg
int parse_ipv6(char *str, struct in6_addr *retaddr) {
bool compressed_field_found = false;
unsigned char *_retaddr = (unsigned char *) retaddr;
char *_str = str;
char *delim;
bzero((void *) retaddr, sizeof(struct in6_addr));
if (!strlen(str) || strchr(str, ':') == NULL || (str[0] == ':' && str[1] != ':') ||
(strlen(str) >= 2 && str[strlen(str) - 1] == ':' && str[strlen(str) - 2] != ':')) return -1;
// convert transitional to standard textual representation
if (strchr(str, '.')) {
int ipv4bytes[4];
char *curp = strrchr(str, ':');
if (curp == NULL) return -1;
char *_curp = ++curp;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
char *nextsep = strchr(_curp, '.');
if (_curp[0] == '0' || (i < 3 && nextsep == NULL) || (i == 3 && nextsep != NULL)) return -1;
if (nextsep != NULL) *nextsep = 0;
int j;
for (j = 0; j < strlen(_curp); j++) if (_curp[j] < '0' || _curp[j] > '9') return -1;
if (strlen(_curp) > 3) return -1;
const long val = strtol(_curp, NULL, 10);
if (val < 0 || val > 255) return -1;
ipv4bytes[i] = val;
_curp = nextsep + 1;
}
sprintf(curp, "%x%02x:%x%02x", ipv4bytes[0], ipv4bytes[1], ipv4bytes[2], ipv4bytes[3]);
}
// parse standard textual representation
do {
if ((delim = strchr(_str, ':')) == _str || (delim == NULL && !strlen(_str))) {
if (delim == str) _str++;
else if (delim == NULL) return 0;
else {
if (compressed_field_found == true) return -1;
if (delim == str + strlen(str) - 1 && _retaddr != (unsigned char *) (retaddr + 1)) return 0;
compressed_field_found = true;
_str++;
int cnt = 0;
char *__str;
for (__str = _str; *__str; ) if (*(__str++) == ':') cnt++;
unsigned char *__retaddr = - 2 * ++cnt + (unsigned char *) (retaddr + 1);
if (__retaddr <= _retaddr) return -1;
_retaddr = __retaddr;
}
} else {
char hexnum[4] = "0000";
if (delim == NULL) delim = str + strlen(str);
if (delim - _str > 4) return -1;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < delim - _str; i++)
if (!isxdigit(_str[i])) return -1;
else hexnum[4 - (delim - _str) + i] = tolower(_str[i]);
_str = delim + 1;
*(_retaddr++) = (digit2int(hexnum[0]) << 4) + digit2int(hexnum[1]);
*(_retaddr++) = (digit2int(hexnum[2]) << 4) + digit2int(hexnum[3]);
}
} while (_str < str + strlen(str));
return 0;
}
于 2017-07-24T00:34:33.480 回答
-1
This will work for IPv4 and IPv6:
^(([0-9a-f]{0,4}:){1,7}[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3})$
于 2013-12-06T11:41:55.090 回答
-1
试试这个小的单线。它应该只匹配有效的未压缩/压缩 IPv6 地址（无 IPv4 混合）
/(?!.*::.*::)(?!.*:::.*)(?!:[a-f0-9])((([a-f0-9]{1,4})?[:](?!:)){7}|(?=(.*:[:a-f0-9]{1,4}::|^([:a-f0-9]{1,4})?::))(([a-f0-9]{1,4})?[:]{1,2}){1,6})[a-f0-9]{1,4}/
于 2016-06-19T02:10:50.500 回答
-2
正则表达式允许在 IPv4 部分中使用前导零。
一些 Unix 和 Mac 发行版将这些段转换为八进制。
我建议25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d用作 IPv4 段。
于 2009-10-15T15:01:11.440 回答
-2
如果你只想要普通的 IP-s（没有斜杠），这里：
^(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?:::)?){0,7}::[0-9a-f]+$
我将它用于主机文件编辑器应用程序中的语法荧光笔。作为魅力发挥作用。
于 2013-07-24T14:24:17.577 回答