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如何在后台的计时器上写入数据库。例如,检查邮件并将新信件添加到数据库中。在示例中,我在写入数据库之前简化了代码。

Microsoft 示例中的类名。录音类本身:

namespace EmailNews.Services
{

internal interface IScopedProcessingService
{
    void DoWork();
}

internal class ScopedProcessingService : IScopedProcessingService
{
    private readonly ApplicationDbContext _context;
    public ScopedProcessingService(ApplicationDbContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }

    public void DoWork()
    {
        Mail mail = new Mail();
        mail.Date = DateTime.Now;
        mail.Note = "lala";
        mail.Tema = "lala";
        mail.Email = "lala";
        _context.Add(mail);
        _context.SaveChangesAsync();
    }
}
}

定时器类:

namespace EmailNews.Services
{
#region snippet1
internal class TimedHostedService : IHostedService, IDisposable
{
    private readonly ILogger _logger;
    private Timer _timer;

    public TimedHostedService(IServiceProvider services, ILogger<TimedHostedService> logger)
    {
        Services = services;
        _logger = logger;
    }
    public IServiceProvider Services { get; }

    public Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        _logger.LogInformation("Timed Background Service is starting.");

        _timer = new Timer(DoWork, null, TimeSpan.Zero,
            TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));

        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }

    private void DoWork(object state)
    {
        using (var scope = Services.CreateScope())
        {
            var scopedProcessingService =
                scope.ServiceProvider
                    .GetRequiredService<IScopedProcessingService>();

            scopedProcessingService.DoWork();
        }
    }

    public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        _logger.LogInformation("Timed Background Service is stopping.");

        _timer?.Change(Timeout.Infinite, 0);

        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        _timer?.Dispose();
    }
}
#endregion
}

启动:

        services.AddHostedService<TimedHostedService>();
        services.AddScoped<IScopedProcessingService, ScopedProcessingService>();

似乎一切都像示例中那样完成,但没有任何内容添加到数据库中,不是吗?

4

1 回答 1

7

这是一个相当有趣的问题,归结为“您如何正确处理异步计时器回调?”

直接的问题是SaveChangesAsync没有得到等待。DbContext 几乎肯定会在SaveChangesAsync有机会运行之前被处理掉。要等待它,DoWork必须成为一个async Task方法(从不异步无效):

internal interface IScheduledTask
{
    Task DoWorkAsync();
}

internal class MailTask : IScheduledTask
{
    private readonly ApplicationDbContext _context;
    public MailTask(ApplicationDbContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }

    public async Task DoWorkAsync()
    {
        var mail = new Mail 
                   { Date = DateTime.Now,
                     Note = "lala",
                     Tema = "lala",
                     Email = "lala" };
        _context.Add(mail);
        await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
    }
}

现在的问题是如何DoWorkAsync从定时器回调中调用。如果我们不等待就直接调用它,我们将遇到与最初相同的问题。计时器回调无法处理返回 Task 的方法。我们也做不到async void,因为这会导致同样的问题——该方法将在任何异步操作有机会完成之前返回。

David Fowler 在他的异步指南 文章的定时器回调部分解释了如何正确处理异步定时器回调:

private readonly Timer _timer;
private readonly HttpClient _client;

public Pinger(HttpClient client)
{
    _client = new HttpClient();
    _timer = new Timer(Heartbeat, null, 1000, 1000);
}

public void Heartbeat(object state)
{
    // Discard the result
    _ = DoAsyncPing();
}

private async Task DoAsyncPing()
{
    await _client.GetAsync("http://mybackend/api/ping");
}

实际方法应该是async Task,但返回的任务只需要被分配,而不是等待,以便它正常工作。

将此应用于问题会导致以下结果:

public Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    ...
    _timer = new Timer(HeartBeat, null, TimeSpan.Zero,
        TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));

    return Task.CompletedTask;
}

private void Heartbeat(object state)
{
    _ = DoWorkAsync();
}


private async Task DoWorkAsync()
{
    using (var scope = Services.CreateScope())
    {
        var schedTask = scope.ServiceProvider
                             .GetRequiredService<IScheduledTask>();

        await schedTask.DoWorkAsync();
    }
}

David Fowler 解释了为什么 async void在 ASP.NET Core中总是不好的——不仅不等待异步操作,异常还会使应用程序崩溃。

他还解释了为什么我们不能使用 Timer(async state=>DoWorkAsync(state))- 那是一个async void委托。

于 2018-11-02T11:11:11.413 回答