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每次我们在新环境中设置 Django 项目并尝试启动服务器（migrate或runserver）时，都会django.db.utils.OperationalError: no such table: auth_user显示错误消息（完整的错误消息如下）。

我假设这是因为在我们的某些模型中使用用户模型作为外键（示例如下），并且在设置新系统时（尚未创建数据库）Django 尝试为我们的自定义模型创建表并失败因为外键 - 用户表 - 因为它尚未创建。

# Model for projects (example)
class Projekt(models.Model):
    project_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
    project_manager = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="Manager", on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)

我的问题是：有什么最佳做法可以防止这种情况发生吗？目前，我们只是从我们正在运行的系统中为我们获得的每个新开发人员复制数据库，这目前有效，但不适用于软件的开源分发。

我已经尝试过不同的东西，比如这个和这个），但这没有成功。我在每个 Django 项目中都遇到了这个问题。

USERNAME$ python3 manage.py migrate
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
      return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 296, in execute
      return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
  sqlite3.OperationalError: no such table: auth_user

  The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
      execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
      utility.execute()
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 375, in execute
      self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 316, in run_from_argv
      self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 350, in execute
      self.check()
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 379, in check
      include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 60, in _run_checks
      issues.extend(super()._run_checks(**kwargs))
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 366, in _run_checks
      return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 71, in run_checks
      new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 40, in check_url_namespaces_unique
      all_namespaces = _load_all_namespaces(resolver)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 57, in _load_all_namespaces
      url_patterns = getattr(resolver, 'url_patterns', [])
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 37, in __get__
      res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 533, in url_patterns
      patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 37, in __get__
      res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 526, in urlconf_module
      return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
      return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
    File "/USERNAME/Documents/PROJECTS/PROJECTFOLDER/PROJECT_NAME/urls.py", line 8, in <module>
      path('i/', include('APP1.urls')), # Private space/ Development space
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/conf.py", line 34, in include
      urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
      return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
    File "/USERNAME/Documents/PROJECTS/PROJECTFOLDER/APP1/urls.py", line 4, in <module>
      from . import views
    File "/USERNAME/Documents/PROJECTS/PROJECTFOLDER/APP1/views.py", line 11, in <module>
      from .forms import AddProject, AddTicket
    File "/USERNAME/Documents/PROJECTS/PROJECTFOLDER/APP1/forms.py", line 5, in <module>
      class AddProject(forms.Form):
    File "/USERNAME/Documents/PROJECTS/PROJECTFOLDER/APP1/forms.py", line 7, in AddProject
      project_manager = forms.ChoiceField(choices=[(user.id, user) for user in User.objects.all()])
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 268, in __iter__
      self._fetch_all()
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 1186, in _fetch_all
      self._result_cache = list(self._iterable_class(self))
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 54, in __iter__
      results = compiler.execute_sql(chunked_fetch=self.chunked_fetch, chunk_size=self.chunk_size)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 1065, in execute_sql
      cursor.execute(sql, params)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 100, in execute
      return super().execute(sql, params)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 68, in execute
      return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers
      return executor(sql, params, many, context)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
      return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
      raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
      return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 296, in execute
      return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
  django.db.utils.OperationalError: no such table: auth_user
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4 回答 4

3

将迁移文件夹添加到 git。这包含正确创建新数据库所需的信息。

于 2018-10-21T12:35:59.247 回答
1

您应该将您的迁移添加到版本控制中，并将它们与您的代码库的其余部分一起部署。

如果你有很多现在多余的迁移，你可以压缩它们。

于 2018-10-21T15:45:06.490 回答
0

我可能迟到了回答这个问题，但同样发生在我身上的是，从我的应用程序和相关的迁移文件中删除了 pycache 文件，然后还删除了我的案例 sqlite 文件中的数据库文件

于 2020-02-09T07:12:34.023 回答
0

我正在使用 PyCharm，并且在调试配置中错误地设置了工作目录。需要指向包含 manage.py 的目录。可能不是 creyD 的问题，但可能会帮助其他人。

于 2020-10-20T18:51:51.330 回答