所以我有两个 YAML 文件，“A”和“B”，我希望将 A 的内容插入到 B 中，或者拼接到现有的数据结构中，比如数组，或者作为元素的子元素，比如值对于某个哈希键。
这可能吗？如何？如果没有，任何指向规范性参考的指针？
kch
问问题
286218 次
15 回答
403
不，YAML 不包含任何类型的“导入”或“包含”语句。
于 2013-03-15T16:39:30.393 回答
140
您的问题不要求 Python 解决方案，但这是使用PyYAML的问题。
PyYAML 允许您将自定义构造函数（例如!include）附加到 YAML 加载程序。我已经包含了一个可以设置的根目录，以便该解决方案支持相对和绝对文件引用。
基于类的解决方案
这是一个基于类的解决方案，它避免了我原始响应的全局根变量。
有关使用元类注册自定义构造函数的类似、更强大的 Python 3 解决方案，请参阅此要点。
import yaml
import os
class Loader(yaml.SafeLoader):
def __init__(self, stream):
self._root = os.path.split(stream.name)[0]
super(Loader, self).__init__(stream)
def include(self, node):
filename = os.path.join(self._root, self.construct_scalar(node))
with open(filename, 'r') as f:
return yaml.load(f, Loader)
Loader.add_constructor('!include', Loader.include)
一个例子：
foo.yaml
a: 1
b:
- 1.43
- 543.55
c: !include bar.yaml
bar.yaml
- 3.6
- [1, 2, 3]
现在可以使用以下方法加载文件：
>>> with open('foo.yaml', 'r') as f:
>>> data = yaml.load(f, Loader)
>>> data
{'a': 1, 'b': [1.43, 543.55], 'c': [3.6, [1, 2, 3]]}
于 2012-03-06T03:53:58.337 回答
19
据我所知，YAML 不直接支持包含，您必须自己提供一种机制，但这通常很容易做到。
我在我的 python 应用程序中使用 YAML 作为配置语言，在这种情况下，通常定义如下约定：
>>> main.yml <<<
includes: [ wibble.yml, wobble.yml]
然后在我的（python）代码中我做：
import yaml
cfg = yaml.load(open("main.yml"))
for inc in cfg.get("includes", []):
cfg.update(yaml.load(open(inc)))
唯一的缺点是 include 中的变量将始终覆盖 main 中的变量，并且无法通过更改 "includes: 语句在 main.yml 文件中出现的位置来更改该优先级。
在稍微不同的一点上，YAML 不支持包含，因为它的设计并不像基于文件的标记那样专门。如果您在对 AJAX 请求的响应中得到它，那么包含意味着什么？
于 2012-01-23T18:45:22.610 回答
19
于 2019-04-02T13:14:01.083 回答
9
扩展@Josh_Bode 的答案，这是我自己的 PyYAML 解决方案，它的优点是是yaml.Loader. 它不依赖于任何模块级全局变量，也不依赖于修改yaml模块的全局状态。
import yaml, os
class IncludeLoader(yaml.Loader):
"""
yaml.Loader subclass handles "!include path/to/foo.yml" directives in config
files. When constructed with a file object, the root path for includes
defaults to the directory containing the file, otherwise to the current
working directory. In either case, the root path can be overridden by the
`root` keyword argument.
When an included file F contain its own !include directive, the path is
relative to F's location.
Example:
YAML file /home/frodo/one-ring.yml:
---
Name: The One Ring
Specials:
- resize-to-wearer
Effects:
- !include path/to/invisibility.yml
YAML file /home/frodo/path/to/invisibility.yml:
---
Name: invisibility
Message: Suddenly you disappear!
Loading:
data = IncludeLoader(open('/home/frodo/one-ring.yml', 'r')).get_data()
Result:
{'Effects': [{'Message': 'Suddenly you disappear!', 'Name':
'invisibility'}], 'Name': 'The One Ring', 'Specials':
['resize-to-wearer']}
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(IncludeLoader, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.add_constructor('!include', self._include)
if 'root' in kwargs:
self.root = kwargs['root']
elif isinstance(self.stream, file):
self.root = os.path.dirname(self.stream.name)
else:
self.root = os.path.curdir
def _include(self, loader, node):
oldRoot = self.root
filename = os.path.join(self.root, loader.construct_scalar(node))
self.root = os.path.dirname(filename)
data = yaml.load(open(filename, 'r'))
self.root = oldRoot
return data
于 2012-09-03T17:58:44.373 回答
8
The YML standard does not specify a way to do this. And this problem does not limit itself to YML. JSON has the same limitations.
Many applications which use YML or JSON based configurations run into this problem eventually. And when that happens, they make up their own convention.
e.g. for swagger API definitions:
$ref: 'file.yml'
e.g. for docker compose configurations:
services:
app:
extends:
file: docker-compose.base.yml
Alternatively, if you want to split up the content of a yml file in multiple files, like a tree of content, you can define your own folder-structure convention and use an (existing) merge script.
于 2019-10-24T18:20:21.007 回答
4
With Yglu, you can import other files like this:
A.yaml
foo: !? $import('B.yaml')
B.yaml
bar: Hello
$ yglu A.yaml
foo:
bar: Hello
As $import is a function, you can also pass an expression as argument:
dep: !- b
foo: !? $import($_.dep.toUpper() + '.yaml')
This would give the same output as above.
Disclaimer: I am the author of Yglu.
于 2020-02-18T00:03:40.283 回答
3
Standard YAML 1.2 doesn't include natively this feature. Nevertheless many implementations provides some extension to do so.
I present a way of achieving it with Java and snakeyaml:1.24 (Java library to parse/emit YAML files) that allows creating a custom YAML tag to achieve the following goal (you will see I'm using it to load test suites defined in several YAML files and that I made it work as a list of includes for a target test: node):
# ... yaml prev stuff
tests: !include
- '1.hello-test-suite.yaml'
- '3.foo-test-suite.yaml'
- '2.bar-test-suite.yaml'
# ... more yaml document
Here is the one-class Java that allows processing the !include tag. Files are loaded from classpath (Maven resources directory):
/**
* Custom YAML loader. It adds support to the custom !include tag which allows splitting a YAML file across several
* files for a better organization of YAML tests.
*/
@Slf4j // <-- This is a Lombok annotation to auto-generate logger
public class MyYamlLoader {
private static final Constructor CUSTOM_CONSTRUCTOR = new MyYamlConstructor();
private MyYamlLoader() {
}
/**
* Parse the only YAML document in a stream and produce the Java Map. It provides support for the custom !include
* YAML tag to split YAML contents across several files.
*/
public static Map<String, Object> load(InputStream inputStream) {
return new Yaml(CUSTOM_CONSTRUCTOR)
.load(inputStream);
}
/**
* Custom SnakeYAML constructor that registers custom tags.
*/
private static class MyYamlConstructor extends Constructor {
private static final String TAG_INCLUDE = "!include";
MyYamlConstructor() {
// Register custom tags
yamlConstructors.put(new Tag(TAG_INCLUDE), new IncludeConstruct());
}
/**
* The actual include tag construct.
*/
private static class IncludeConstruct implements Construct {
@Override
public Object construct(Node node) {
List<Node> inclusions = castToSequenceNode(node);
return parseInclusions(inclusions);
}
@Override
public void construct2ndStep(Node node, Object object) {
// do nothing
}
private List<Node> castToSequenceNode(Node node) {
try {
return ((SequenceNode) node).getValue();
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("The !import value must be a sequence node, but " +
"'%s' found.", node));
}
}
private Object parseInclusions(List<Node> inclusions) {
List<InputStream> inputStreams = inputStreams(inclusions);
try (final SequenceInputStream sequencedInputStream =
new SequenceInputStream(Collections.enumeration(inputStreams))) {
return new Yaml(CUSTOM_CONSTRUCTOR)
.load(sequencedInputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("Error closing the stream.", e);
return null;
}
}
private List<InputStream> inputStreams(List<Node> scalarNodes) {
return scalarNodes.stream()
.map(this::inputStream)
.collect(toList());
}
private InputStream inputStream(Node scalarNode) {
String filePath = castToScalarNode(scalarNode).getValue();
final InputStream is = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(filePath);
Assert.notNull(is, String.format("Resource file %s not found.", filePath));
return is;
}
private ScalarNode castToScalarNode(Node scalarNode) {
try {
return ((ScalarNode) scalarNode);
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("The value must be a scalar node, but '%s' found" +
".", scalarNode));
}
}
}
}
}
于 2019-07-29T17:05:57.790 回答
2
不幸的是，YAML 在其标准中没有提供这一点。
但是，如果您使用 Ruby，有一个 gem 通过扩展 ruby YAML 库来提供您所要求的功能： https ://github.com/entwanderer/yaml_extend
于 2017-08-04T21:30:20.983 回答
2
I make some examples for your reference.
import yaml
main_yaml = """
Package:
- !include _shape_yaml
- !include _path_yaml
"""
_shape_yaml = """
# Define
Rectangle: &id_Rectangle
name: Rectangle
width: &Rectangle_width 20
height: &Rectangle_height 10
area: !product [*Rectangle_width, *Rectangle_height]
Circle: &id_Circle
name: Circle
radius: &Circle_radius 5
area: !product [*Circle_radius, *Circle_radius, pi]
# Setting
Shape:
property: *id_Rectangle
color: red
"""
_path_yaml = """
# Define
Root: &BASE /path/src/
Paths:
a: &id_path_a !join [*BASE, a]
b: &id_path_b !join [*BASE, b]
# Setting
Path:
input_file: *id_path_a
"""
# define custom tag handler
def yaml_import(loader, node):
other_yaml_file = loader.construct_scalar(node)
return yaml.load(eval(other_yaml_file), Loader=yaml.SafeLoader)
def yaml_product(loader, node):
import math
list_data = loader.construct_sequence(node)
result = 1
pi = math.pi
for val in list_data:
result *= eval(val) if isinstance(val, str) else val
return result
def yaml_join(loader, node):
seq = loader.construct_sequence(node)
return ''.join([str(i) for i in seq])
def yaml_ref(loader, node):
ref = loader.construct_sequence(node)
return ref[0]
def yaml_dict_ref(loader: yaml.loader.SafeLoader, node):
dict_data, key, const_value = loader.construct_sequence(node)
return dict_data[key] + str(const_value)
def main():
# register the tag handler
yaml.SafeLoader.add_constructor(tag='!include', constructor=yaml_import)
yaml.SafeLoader.add_constructor(tag='!product', constructor=yaml_product)
yaml.SafeLoader.add_constructor(tag='!join', constructor=yaml_join)
yaml.SafeLoader.add_constructor(tag='!ref', constructor=yaml_ref)
yaml.SafeLoader.add_constructor(tag='!dict_ref', constructor=yaml_dict_ref)
config = yaml.load(main_yaml, Loader=yaml.SafeLoader)
pk_shape, pk_path = config['Package']
pk_shape, pk_path = pk_shape['Shape'], pk_path['Path']
print(f"shape name: {pk_shape['property']['name']}")
print(f"shape area: {pk_shape['property']['area']}")
print(f"shape color: {pk_shape['color']}")
print(f"input file: {pk_path['input_file']}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
output
shape name: Rectangle
shape area: 200
shape color: red
input file: /path/src/a
Update 2
and you can combine it, like this
# xxx.yaml
CREATE_FONT_PICTURE:
PROJECTS:
SUNG: &id_SUNG
name: SUNG
work_dir: SUNG
output_dir: temp
font_pixel: 24
DEFINE: &id_define !ref [*id_SUNG] # you can use config['CREATE_FONT_PICTURE']['DEFINE'][name, work_dir, ... font_pixel]
AUTO_INIT:
basename_suffix: !dict_ref [*id_define, name, !product [5, 3, 2]] # SUNG30
# ↓ This is not correct.
# basename_suffix: !dict_ref [*id_define, name, !product [5, 3, 2]] # It will build by Deep-level. id_define is Deep-level: 2. So you must put it after 2. otherwise, it can't refer to the correct value.
于 2019-11-22T11:09:53.993 回答
1
我认为@maxy-B 使用的解决方案看起来很棒。但是，嵌套包含对我来说并没有成功。例如，如果 config_1.yaml 包含 config_2.yaml，其中包含 config_3.yaml，则加载程序存在问题。但是，如果您只是在加载时将新的加载器类指向自身，它就可以工作！具体来说，如果我们用稍微修改过的版本替换旧的 _include 函数：
def _include(self, loader, node):
oldRoot = self.root
filename = os.path.join(self.root, loader.construct_scalar(node))
self.root = os.path.dirname(filename)
data = yaml.load(open(filename, 'r'), loader = IncludeLoader)
self.root = oldRoot
return data
经过反思，我同意其他评论，嵌套加载通常不适合 yaml，因为输入流可能不是文件，但它非常有用！
于 2018-02-26T23:18:28.570 回答
0
使用Symfony，它对 yaml 的处理将间接允许您嵌套 yaml 文件。诀窍是利用该parameters选项。例如：
common.yml
parameters:
yaml_to_repeat:
option: "value"
foo:
- "bar"
- "baz"
配置.yml
imports:
- { resource: common.yml }
whatever:
thing: "%yaml_to_repeat%"
other_thing: "%yaml_to_repeat%"
结果将与以下内容相同：
whatever:
thing:
option: "value"
foo:
- "bar"
- "baz"
other_thing:
option: "value"
foo:
- "bar"
- "baz"
于 2018-02-12T04:07:59.157 回答
0
也许这可以启发您，尝试与 jbb 约定保持一致：
https://docs.openstack.org/infra/jenkins-job-builder/definition.html#inclusion-tags
- job:
name: test-job-include-raw-1
builders:
- shell:
!include-raw: include-raw001-hello-world.sh
于 2018-07-09T09:05:43.380 回答
0
Adding on @Joshbode's initial answer above , I modified the snippet a little to support UNIX style wild card patterns.
I haven't tested in windows though. I was facing an issue of splitting an array in a large yaml across multiple files for easy maintenance and was looking for a solution to refer multiple files within a same array of the base yaml. Hence the below solution. The solution does not support recursive reference. It only supports wildcards in a given directory level referenced in the base yaml.
import yaml
import os
import glob
# Base code taken from below link :-
# Ref:https://stackoverflow.com/a/9577670
class Loader(yaml.SafeLoader):
def __init__(self, stream):
self._root = os.path.split(stream.name)[0]
super(Loader, self).__init__(stream)
def include(self, node):
consolidated_result = None
filename = os.path.join(self._root, self.construct_scalar(node))
# Below section is modified for supporting UNIX wildcard patterns
filenames = glob.glob(filename)
# Just to ensure the order of files considered are predictable
# and easy to debug in case of errors.
filenames.sort()
for file in filenames:
with open(file, 'r') as f:
result = yaml.load(f, Loader)
if isinstance(result, list):
if not isinstance(consolidated_result, list):
consolidated_result = []
consolidated_result += result
elif isinstance(result, dict):
if not isinstance(consolidated_result, dict):
consolidated_result = {}
consolidated_result.update(result)
else:
consolidated_result = result
return consolidated_result
Loader.add_constructor('!include', Loader.include)
Usage
a:
!include a.yaml
b:
# All yamls included within b folder level will be consolidated
!include b/*.yaml
于 2021-03-11T04:44:17.163 回答
-8
提出问题时可能不支持它，但您可以将其他 YAML 文件导入其中：
imports: [/your_location_to_yaml_file/Util.area.yaml]
虽然我没有任何在线参考，但这对我有用。
于 2014-08-01T07:50:19.130 回答