我在 .NET Core 2.1 中遇到了一个我想了解的性能问题。可以在此处找到此代码:
https://github.com/mike-eee/StructureActivation
这是通过BenchmarkDotNet获得的相关基准代码:
public class Program
{
static void Main()
{
BenchmarkRunner.Run<Program>();
}
[Benchmark(Baseline = true)]
public uint? Activated() => new Structure(100).SomeValue;
[Benchmark]
public uint? ActivatedAssignment()
{
var selection = new Structure(100);
return selection.SomeValue;
}
}
public readonly struct Structure
{
public Structure(uint? someValue) => SomeValue = someValue;
public uint? SomeValue { get; }
}
从一开始,我就希望Activated
它更快,因为它不存储局部变量,我一直认为在当前堆栈上下文中定位和保留空间会导致性能损失。
但是,在运行测试时,我得到以下结果:
// * Summary *
BenchmarkDotNet=v0.11.1, OS=Windows 10.0.17134.285 (1803/April2018Update/Redstone4)
Intel Core i7-4820K CPU 3.70GHz (Haswell), 1 CPU, 8 logical and 4 physical cores
.NET Core SDK=2.1.402
[Host] : .NET Core 2.1.4 (CoreCLR 4.6.26814.03, CoreFX 4.6.26814.02), 64bit RyuJIT
DefaultJob : .NET Core 2.1.4 (CoreCLR 4.6.26814.03, CoreFX 4.6.26814.02), 64bit RyuJIT
Method | Mean | Error | StdDev | Scaled |
-------------------- |---------:|----------:|----------:|-------:|
Activated | 4.700 ns | 0.0128 ns | 0.0107 ns | 1.00 |
ActivatedAssignment | 3.331 ns | 0.0278 ns | 0.0260 ns | 0.71 |
激活的结构(不存储局部变量)大约慢30% 。
作为参考,这里是 ReSharper 的 IL 查看器提供的 IL:
.method /*06000002*/ public hidebysig instance valuetype [System.Runtime/*23000001*/]System.Nullable`1/*0100000E*/<unsigned int32>
Activated() cil managed
{
.custom /*0C00000C*/ instance void [BenchmarkDotNet/*23000002*/]BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes.BenchmarkAttribute/*0100000D*/::.ctor()
= (01 00 01 00 54 02 08 42 61 73 65 6c 69 6e 65 01 ) // ....T..Baseline.
// property bool 'Baseline' = bool(true)
.maxstack 1
.locals /*11000001*/ init (
[0] valuetype StructureActivation.Structure/*02000003*/ V_0
)
// [14 31 - 14 59]
IL_0000: ldc.i4.s 100 // 0x64
IL_0002: newobj instance void valuetype [System.Runtime/*23000001*/]System.Nullable`1/*0100000E*/<unsigned int32>/*1B000001*/::.ctor(!0/*unsigned int32*/)/*0A00000F*/
IL_0007: newobj instance void StructureActivation.Structure/*02000003*/::.ctor(valuetype [System.Runtime/*23000001*/]System.Nullable`1/*0100000E*/<unsigned int32>)/*06000005*/
IL_000c: stloc.0 // V_0
IL_000d: ldloca.s V_0
IL_000f: call instance valuetype [System.Runtime/*23000001*/]System.Nullable`1/*0100000E*/<unsigned int32> StructureActivation.Structure/*02000003*/::get_SomeValue()/*06000006*/
IL_0014: ret
} // end of method Program::Activated
.method /*06000003*/ public hidebysig instance valuetype [System.Runtime/*23000001*/]System.Nullable`1/*0100000E*/<unsigned int32>
ActivatedAssignment() cil managed
{
.custom /*0C00000D*/ instance void [BenchmarkDotNet/*23000002*/]BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes.BenchmarkAttribute/*0100000D*/::.ctor()
= (01 00 00 00 )
.maxstack 2
.locals /*11000001*/ init (
[0] valuetype StructureActivation.Structure/*02000003*/ selection
)
// [19 4 - 19 39]
IL_0000: ldloca.s selection
IL_0002: ldc.i4.s 100 // 0x64
IL_0004: newobj instance void valuetype [System.Runtime/*23000001*/]System.Nullable`1/*0100000E*/<unsigned int32>/*1B000001*/::.ctor(!0/*unsigned int32*/)/*0A00000F*/
IL_0009: call instance void StructureActivation.Structure/*02000003*/::.ctor(valuetype [System.Runtime/*23000001*/]System.Nullable`1/*0100000E*/<unsigned int32>)/*06000005*/
// [20 4 - 20 31]
IL_000e: ldloca.s selection
IL_0010: call instance valuetype [System.Runtime/*23000001*/]System.Nullable`1/*0100000E*/<unsigned int32> StructureActivation.Structure/*02000003*/::get_SomeValue()/*06000006*/
IL_0015: ret
} // end of method Program::ActivatedAssignment
经检查,Activated
有两个newobj
而ActivatedAssignment
只有一个,这可能导致两个基准之间的差异。
我的问题是:这是预期的吗?我试图理解为什么代码较少的基准实际上比代码较多的基准要慢。任何指导/建议以确保我遵循最佳实践将不胜感激。