我正在开发 Spring Boot 并尝试使用 H2 数据库（在内存中）进行单元测试。我的 Spring Data 存储库实现不起作用，我需要帮助来调试它。
我已将我的项目（不使用原始项目）简化为以下示例以隔离和演示问题。该项目可以在GitHub中找到。
Eclipse项目结构：
pom.xml：
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
<artifactId>activation</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.transaction</groupId>
<artifactId>jta</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-model</artifactId>
<version>3.5.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.modelmapper</groupId>
<artifactId>modelmapper</artifactId>
<version>2.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<executable>true</executable>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-releases</id>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>spring-releases</id>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
应用程序属性：
debug=true
logging.level.root=WARN
logging.level.org.foo=WARN
logging.level.org.springframework=WARN
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:test_database;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=sa
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
spring.h2.console.enabled=true
spring.h2.console.path=/h2-console
主要配置类：
@SpringBootApplication
@Configuration
@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "org.foo.repositories")
@EntityScan("org.foo.entities")
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class Application {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
logger.info("Application started");
}
@Bean
public CommandLineRunner commandLineRunner(ApplicationContext ctx) {
return args -> {
logger.trace("Let's inspect the beans provided by Spring Boot:");
String[] beanNames = ctx.getBeanDefinitionNames();
Arrays.sort(beanNames);
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
logger.trace(beanName);
}
};
}
}
学生实体类：
package org.foo.entities;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import lombok.Data;
@Entity
@Data
public class Student {
@Id
private long id;
private String first_name;
private String last_name;
}
StudentRepository 类：
@Repository
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Long> {
@Override
List<Student> findAll();
}
StudentRepositoryTester 类：
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@Transactional
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { org.foo.Application.class }, loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
public class StudentRepositoryTester {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StudentRepositoryTester.class);
@Autowired
private StudentRepository studentRepository;
@Test
public void findAllTester() {
Iterable<Student> students = studentRepository.findAll();
for(Student student: students) {
logger.info(student.toString());
}
long size = StreamSupport.stream(students.spliterator(), false).count();
assertTrue(students != null && size == 3);
}
}
数据.sql：
USE `test_database`;
INSERT INTO `students` (`id`,`first_name`,`last_name`) VALUES (1,'First1','Last1');
INSERT INTO `students` (`id`,`first_name`,`last_name`) VALUES (2,'First2','Last2');
INSERT INTO `students` (`id`,`first_name`,`last_name`) VALUES (3,'First3','Last3');
架构.sql：
DROP ALL OBJECTS;
CREATE SCHEMA `test_database`;
USE `test_database`;
CREATE TABLE `students` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`first_name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
我可以在控制台日志中看到 H2 已填充，因为我可以看到 data.sql 中的语句已执行。我在日志中没有看到任何可疑之处。
具体问题：
运行 StudentRepositoryTester 测试类，我看到（在断言语句上有断点）没有返回任何实体。我不明白为什么。也许我错过了 Spring Boot 配置注释中的某些内容？
我试图检查断点中的数据库内容，但我找不到探索 H2 数据库的方法。我按照本教程打开 H2 的 Web 浏览器应用程序，但在 localhost:8080 中没有提供任何服务。难道我做错了什么？或者，是否有另一种方法来调试 H2 数据库（在内存中）中发生的事情？
请注意，相应的 Eclipse 项目已上传到GitHub以方便讨论。