我正在努力了解如何使用透视投影和正交投影更改我的算法以处理光线投射(用于 MousePicking)。
目前,我有一个带有 AxisAligned 边界框的 3D 对象的场景。
在使用透视投影(使用 glm::perspective 创建)渲染场景时,我可以成功地使用光线投射和鼠标“挑选”场景中的不同对象。这是一个演示。
如果我渲染相同的场景,但使用正交投影,并将相机定位在面朝下的上方(向下看 Y 轴,想象一下游戏的关卡编辑器),我无法从用户点击的位置正确投射屏幕,这样我就可以在使用正交投影进行渲染时让 MousePicking 工作。这是它不起作用的演示。
我的高级算法:
auto const coords = mouse.coords();
glm::vec2 const mouse_pos{coords.x, coords.y};
glm::vec3 ray_dir, ray_start;
if (perspective) { // This "works"
auto const ar = aspect_rate;
auto const fov = field_of_view;
glm::mat4 const proj_matrix = glm::perspective(fov, ar, f.near, f.far);
auto const& target_pos = camera.target.get_position();
glm::mat4 const view_matrix = glm::lookAt(target_pos, target_pos, glm::vec3{0, -1, 0});
ray_dir = Raycast::calculate_ray_into_screen(mouse_pos, proj_matrix, view_matrix, view_rect);
ray_start = camera.world_position();
}
else if (orthographic) { // This "doesn't work"
glm::vec3 const POS = glm::vec3{50};
glm::vec3 const FORWARD = glm::vec3{0, -1, 0};
glm::vec3 const UP = glm::vec3{0, 0, -1};
// 1024, 768 with NEAR 0.001 and FAR 10000
//glm::mat4 proj_matrix = glm::ortho(0, 1024, 0, 768, 0.0001, 10000);
glm::mat4 proj_matrix = glm::ortho(0, 1024, 0, 768, 0.0001, 100);
// Look down at the scene from above
glm::mat4 view_matrix = glm::lookAt(POS, POS + FORWARD, UP);
// convert the mouse screen coordinates into world coordinates for the cube/ray test
auto const p0 = screen_to_world(mouse_pos, view_rect, proj_matrix, view_matrix, 0.0f);
auto const p1 = screen_to_world(mouse_pos, view_rect, proj_matrix, view_matrix, 1.0f);
ray_start = p0;
ray_dir = glm::normalize(p1 - p0);
}
bool const intersects = ray_intersects_cube(logger, ray_dir, ray_start,
eid, tr, cube, distances);
在透视模式下,我们将光线投射到场景中,并查看它是否与对象周围的立方体相交。
在正交模式下,我从屏幕投射两条光线(一条在 z=0,另一条在 z=1)并在这两点之间创建一条光线。我将光线起点设置为鼠标指针所在的位置(z=0),并使用刚刚计算的光线方向作为相同 ray_cube_intersection 算法的输入。
我的问题是这个
由于 MousePicking 使用 Perspective 投影,但不使用 Orthographic 投影:
- 假设透视/正交投影可以使用相同的 ray_cube 相交算法是否合理?
- 我对在正交情况下设置 ray_start 和 ray_dir 变量的想法是否正确?
glm::vec3
Raycast::calculate_ray_into_screen(glm::vec2 const& point, glm::mat4 const& proj,
glm::mat4 const& view, Rectangle const& view_rect)
{
// When doing mouse picking, we want our ray to be pointed "into" the screen
float constexpr Z = -1.0f;
return screen_to_world(point, view_rect, proj, view, Z);
}
bool
ray_cube_intersect(Ray const& r, Transform const& transform, Cube const& cube,
float& distance)
{
auto const& cubepos = transform.translation;
glm::vec3 const minpos = cube.min * transform.scale;
glm::vec3 const maxpos = cube.max * transform.scale;
std::array<glm::vec3, 2> const bounds{{minpos + cubepos, maxpos + cubepos}};
float txmin = (bounds[ r.sign[0]].x - r.orig.x) * r.invdir.x;
float txmax = (bounds[1 - r.sign[0]].x - r.orig.x) * r.invdir.x;
float tymin = (bounds[ r.sign[1]].y - r.orig.y) * r.invdir.y;
float tymax = (bounds[1 - r.sign[1]].y - r.orig.y) * r.invdir.y;
if ((txmin > tymax) || (tymin > txmax)) {
return false;
}
if (tymin > txmin) {
txmin = tymin;
}
if (tymax < txmax) {
txmax = tymax;
}
float tzmin = (bounds[ r.sign[2]].z - r.orig.z) * r.invdir.z;
float tzmax = (bounds[1 - r.sign[2]].z - r.orig.z) * r.invdir.z;
if ((txmin > tzmax) || (tzmin > txmax)) {
return false;
}
distance = tzmin;
return true;
}
编辑:我正在使用的数学空间转换函数:
namespace boomhs::math::space_conversions
{
inline glm::vec4
clip_to_eye(glm::vec4 const& clip, glm::mat4 const& proj_matrix, float const z)
{
auto const inv_proj = glm::inverse(proj_matrix);
glm::vec4 const eye_coords = inv_proj * clip;
return glm::vec4{eye_coords.x, eye_coords.y, z, 0.0f};
}
inline glm::vec3
eye_to_world(glm::vec4 const& eye, glm::mat4 const& view_matrix)
{
glm::mat4 const inv_view = glm::inverse(view_matrix);
glm::vec4 const ray = inv_view * eye;
glm::vec3 const ray_world = glm::vec3{ray.x, ray.y, ray.z};
return glm::normalize(ray_world);
}
inline constexpr glm::vec2
screen_to_ndc(glm::vec2 const& scoords, Rectangle const& view_rect)
{
float const x = ((2.0f * scoords.x) / view_rect.right()) - 1.0f;
float const y = ((2.0f * scoords.y) / view_rect.bottom()) - 1.0f;
auto const assert_fn = [](float const v) {
assert(v <= 1.0f);
assert(v >= -1.0f);
};
assert_fn(x);
assert_fn(y);
return glm::vec2{x, -y};
}
inline glm::vec4
ndc_to_clip(glm::vec2 const& ndc, float const z)
{
return glm::vec4{ndc.x, ndc.y, z, 1.0f};
}
inline glm::vec3
screen_to_world(glm::vec2 const& scoords, Rectangle const& view_rect, glm::mat4 const& proj_matrix,
glm::mat4 const& view_matrix, float const z)
{
glm::vec2 const ndc = screen_to_ndc(scoords, view_rect);
glm::vec4 const clip = ndc_to_clip(ndc, z);
glm::vec4 const eye = clip_to_eye(clip, proj_matrix, z);
glm::vec3 const world = eye_to_world(eye, view_matrix);
return world;
}
} // namespace boomhs::math::space_conversions