我创建了一个像这样的 Qt3D 网格：
Qt3DCore::QEntity *newEntity = new Qt3DCore::QEntity();
Qt3DExtras::QConeMesh *mesh =new Qt3DExtras::QConeMesh();
mesh->setTopRadius(0.2);
mesh->setBottomRadius(1.0);
mesh->setLength(2.0);
for(int i = 0; i < mesh->geometry()->attributes().size(); ++i) {
mesh->geometry()->attributes().at(i)->buffer()->setSyncData(true); // To have access to data
}
newEntity->addComponent(mesh);
创建的网格如下所示：
稍后在代码中，我尝试以STL 二进制格式导出上述网格。为此，我提取了实体的几何和变换组件：
Qt3DCore::QComponent *compoMesh = nullptr; // place holder for mesh geometry of entity
Qt3DCore::QComponent *compoTran = nullptr; // place holder for mesh transformation of entity
QVector<Qt3DCore::QComponent *> compos = newEntity->components();
for(int i = 0; i < compos.size(); ++i) {
if (qobject_cast<Qt3DRender::QGeometryRenderer *>(compos.at(i))) {
compoMesh = compos.at(i); // mesh geometry component
} else if (qobject_cast<Qt3DCore::QTransform *>(compos.at(i))) {
compoTran = compos.at(i); // mesh transformation component
}
}
然后我得到包含顶点位置和法线的缓冲区数据：
Qt3DRender::QGeometryRenderer *mesh = qobject_cast<Qt3DRender::QGeometryRenderer *>(compoMesh);
Qt3DRender::QGeometry *geometry = mesh->geometry();
QVector<Qt3DRender::QAttribute *> atts = geometry->attributes();
现在，我们关注顶点位置属性和顶点法线属性。我们得到每个的字节偏移量和字节跨度，我们还检查两者是否使用相同的数据缓冲区：
for(int i = 0; i < atts.size(); ++i) {
if(atts.at(i)->name() == Qt3DRender::QAttribute::defaultPositionAttributeName()) {
byteOffsetPos = atts.at(i)->byteOffset();
byteStridePos = atts.at(i)->byteStride();
bufferPtrPos = atts.at(i)->buffer();
} else if(atts.at(i)->name() == Qt3DRender::QAttribute::defaultNormalAttributeName()) {
byteOffsetNorm = atts.at(i)->byteOffset();
byteStrideNorm = atts.at(i)->byteStride();
bufferPtrNorm = atts.at(i)->buffer();
}
}
if(bufferPtrPos != bufferPtrNorm) {
qDebug() << __func__ << "!!! Buffer pointer for position and normal are NOT the same";
// Throw error here
}
然后我使用字节偏移和字节跨度来提取三角形并将它们写入 STL 文件。但是导出的 STL 并不好：
我使用相同的代码导出自定义网格的 STL，效果很好。但是，当我使用相同的代码导出 Qt3D 现成的网格QConeMesh时，导出的 STL 是不可接受的。任何人都可以给我一个提示。
更新
正如@vre 所指出的，我将发布用于将三角形写入 STL 文件的其余代码。这是一个很大的代码，我尽量保持简洁：
为了获取三角形位置和法线，我循环遍历属性并获取VertexBuffer存储所有位置和法线的缓冲区：
// I loop over attributes to get access to VertexBuffer buffer
for(int i = 0; i < atts.size(); ++i) {
Qt3DRender::QBuffer *buffer = atts.at(i)->buffer();
QByteArray data = buffer->data();
// We focus on VertexBuffer, NOT IndexBuffer!
if( buffer->type() == Qt3DRender::QBuffer::VertexBuffer ) {
// Number of triangles is number of vertices divided by 3:
quint32 trianglesCount = atts.at(i)->count() / 3;
// For each triangle, extract vertex positions and normals
for(int j = 0; j < trianglesCount; ++j) {
// Index for each triangle positions data
// Each triangle has 3 vertices, hence 3 factor:
// We already know byte-offset and byte-stride for positions
int idxPos = byteOffsetPos + j * 3 * byteStridePos ;
// Index for each triangle normals data
// Each tirangle has 3 normals (right?), hence 3 factor:
// We already know byte-offset and byte-stride for normals
int idxNorm = byteOffsetNorm + j * 3 * byteStrideNorm;
// Get x, y, z positions for 1st vertex
// I have already checked that attribute base type is float by: `atts.at(i)->vertexBaseType();`
QByteArray pos0x = data.mid(idxPos + 0 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
QByteArray pos0y = data.mid(idxPos + 1 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
QByteArray pos0z = data.mid(idxPos + 2 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
// Get x, y z for 1st normal
QByteArray norm0x= data.mid(idxNorm + 0 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
QByteArray norm0y= data.mid(idxNorm + 1 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
QByteArray norm0z= data.mid(idxNorm + 2 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
// Get x, y, z positions for 2nd vertex
QByteArray pos1x = data.mid(idxPos + 1 * byteStridePos + 0 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
QByteArray pos1y = data.mid(idxPos + 1 * byteStridePos + 1 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
QByteArray pos1z = data.mid(idxPos + 1 * byteStridePos + 2 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
// Get x, y, z for 2nd normal
QByteArray norm1x= data.mid(idxNorm + 1 * byteStrideNorm + 0 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
QByteArray norm1y= data.mid(idxNorm + 1 * byteStrideNorm + 1 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
QByteArray norm1z= data.mid(idxNorm + 1 * byteStrideNorm + 2 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
// Get x, y, z positions for 3rd vertex
QByteArray pos2x = data.mid(idxPos + 2 * byteStridePos + 0 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
QByteArray pos2y = data.mid(idxPos + 2 * byteStridePos + 1 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
QByteArray pos2z = data.mid(idxPos + 2 * byteStridePos + 2 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
// Get x, y, z for 3rd normal
QByteArray norm2x= data.mid(idxNorm + 2 * byteStrideNorm+ 0 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
QByteArray norm2y= data.mid(idxNorm + 2 * byteStrideNorm+ 1 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
QByteArray norm2z= data.mid(idxNorm + 2 * byteStrideNorm+ 2 * sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
// Convert x, y, z byte arrays into floats
float floatPos0x;
if ( pos0x.size() >= sizeof(floatPos0x) ) {
floatPos0x = *reinterpret_cast<const float *>( pos0x.data() );
}
float floatPos0y;
if ( pos0y.size() >= sizeof(floatPos0y) ) {
floatPos0y = *reinterpret_cast<const float *>( pos0y.data() );
}
float floatPos0z;
if ( pos0z.size() >= sizeof(floatPos0z) ) {
floatPos0z = *reinterpret_cast<const float *>( pos0z.data() );
}
// Do the rest of byte-array to float conversions:
// norm0x=>floatNorm0x, norm0y=>floatNorm0y, norm0z=>floatNorm0z
// pos1x=>floatPos1x, pos1y=>floatPos1y, pos1z=>floatPos1z
// norm1x=>floatNorm1x, norm1y=>floatNorm1y, norm1z=>floatNorm1z
// pos2x=>floatPos2x, pos2y=>floatPos2y, pos2z=>floatPos2z
// norm2x=>floatNorm2x, norm2y=>floatNorm2y, norm2z=>floatNorm2z
// Compose positions matrix before applying transformations
// I'm going to use `QMatrix4x4` but I have 3 vertices of 3x1
// Therefore I have to fill out `QMatrix4x4` with zeros and ones
// Please see this question and its answer: https://stackoverflow.com/q/51979168/3405291
QMatrix4x4 floatPos4x4 = QMatrix4x4(
floatPos0x, floatPos1x, floatPos2x, 0,
floatPos0y, floatPos1y, floatPos2y, 0,
floatPos0z, floatPos1z, floatPos2z, 0,
1 , 1 , 1 , 0
);
// Apply transformations to positions:
// We already have transformations component `compoTran` from previous code:
Qt3DCore::QTransform *tran = qobject_cast<Qt3DCore::QTransform *>(compoTran);
QMatrix4x4 newFloatPos4x4 = tran->matrix() * floatPos4x4;
// Get new positions after applying transformations:
float newFloatPos0x = newFloatPos4x4(0,0);
float newFloatPos0y = newFloatPos4x4(1,0);
float newFloatPos0z = newFloatPos4x4(2,0);
float newFloatPos1x = newFloatPos4x4(0,1);
float newFloatPos1y = newFloatPos4x4(1,1);
float newFloatPos1z = newFloatPos4x4(2,1);
float newFloatPos2x = newFloatPos4x4(0,2);
float newFloatPos2y = newFloatPos4x4(1,2);
float newFloatPos2z = newFloatPos4x4(2,2);
// Convert all the floats (after applying transformations) back to byte array:
QByteArray newPos0x( reinterpret_cast<const char *>( &newFloatPos0x ), sizeof( newFloatPos0x ) );
QByteArray newPos0y( reinterpret_cast<const char *>( &newFloatPos0y ), sizeof( newFloatPos0y ) );
QByteArray newPos0z( reinterpret_cast<const char *>( &newFloatPos0z ), sizeof( newFloatPos0z ) );
QByteArray newPos1x( reinterpret_cast<const char *>( &newFloatPos1x ), sizeof( newFloatPos1x ) );
QByteArray newPos1y( reinterpret_cast<const char *>( &newFloatPos1y ), sizeof( newFloatPos1y ) );
QByteArray newPos1z( reinterpret_cast<const char *>( &newFloatPos1z ), sizeof( newFloatPos1z ) );
QByteArray newPos2x( reinterpret_cast<const char *>( &newFloatPos2x ), sizeof( newFloatPos2x ) );
QByteArray newPos2y( reinterpret_cast<const char *>( &newFloatPos2y ), sizeof( newFloatPos2y ) );
QByteArray newPos2z( reinterpret_cast<const char *>( &newFloatPos2z ), sizeof( newFloatPos2z ) );
// Log triangle vertex positions and normals (float numbers)
// A sample log is posted on this question on StackOverflow
qDebug() << __func__ << " pos 0: x " << newFloatPos0x << " y " << newFloatPos0y << " z " << newFloatPos0z;
qDebug() << __func__ << " pos 1: x " << newFloatPos1x << " y " << newFloatPos1y << " z " << newFloatPos1z;
qDebug() << __func__ << " pos 2: x " << newFloatPos2x << " y " << newFloatPos2y << " z " << newFloatPos2z;
qDebug() << __func__ << " norm 0: x " << floatNorm0x << " y " << floatNorm0y << " z " << floatNorm0z;
qDebug() << __func__ << " norm 1: x " << floatNorm1x << " y " << floatNorm1y << " z " << floatNorm1z;
qDebug() << __func__ << " norm 2: x " << floatNorm2x << " y " << floatNorm2y << " z " << floatNorm2z;
// Write the triangle to STL file
// Note that STL file needs a header which is written in another section of code
// Note that STL file needs total number of triangles which is written in another section of code
// Note that STL file needs only one normal vector for each triangle, but here we have 3 normals (for 3 vertices), therefore I'm writing only the 1st normal to STL (is it OK?!)
// `baStl` is a byte-array containing all the STL data
// `baStl` byte-array is written to a file in another section of the code
QBuffer tempBuffer(&baStl);
tempBuffer.open(QIODevice::Append);
tempBuffer.write( norm0x ); // vertex 0 Normal vector
tempBuffer.write( norm0y );
tempBuffer.write( norm0z );
tempBuffer.write( newPos0x ); // New vertex 0 position
tempBuffer.write( newPos0y );
tempBuffer.write( newPos0z );
tempBuffer.write( newPos1x ); // New vertex 1 position
tempBuffer.write( newPos1y );
tempBuffer.write( newPos1z );
tempBuffer.write( newPos2x ); // New vertex 2 position
tempBuffer.write( newPos2y );
tempBuffer.write( newPos2z );
tempBuffer.write("aa"); // Attribute byte count: UINT16: 2 bytes: content doesn't matter, just write 2 bytes
tempBuffer.close();
}
}
}
上面的代码非常适合自定义网格。我的意思是当我将一个 STL 文件导入到我的 Qt3D 应用程序中，然后再次将其导出为 STL 时，导出的 STL是好的。问题是：当创建 Qt3D 的现成网格QConeMesh时，导出的 STL被搞砸了，我的意思是整体几何是好的，但是三角形被搞砸了，如上图所示。
我的代码在尝试导出QConeMesh. 可以看出，法线向量具有单位大小，表明它们实际上是法线：
... exportStlUtil 位置 0: x -10.6902 y -7.55854 z 4.76837e-07 exportStlUtil 位置 1: x -12.8579 y -4.31431 z 2.98023e-07 exportStlUtil 位置 2：x -13.6191 y -0.487476 z 5.96046e-08 exportStlUtil 规范 0: x -0.707107 y 0 z 0.707107 exportStlUtil 规范 1：x -0.92388 y 0 z 0.382683 exportStlUtil 规范 2：x -1 y 0 z -8.74228e-08 exportStlUtil 位置 0: x -12.8579 y 3.33936 z -1.19209e-07 exportStlUtil 位置 1: x -10.6902 y 6.58359 z -3.57628e-07 exportStlUtil 位置 2：x -7.44594 y 8.75132 z -4.76837e-07 exportStlUtil 标准 0: x -0.92388 y 0 z -0.382683 exportStlUtil 规范 1：x -0.707107 y 0 z -0.707107 exportStlUtil 标准 2：x -0.382683 y 0 z -0.92388 exportStlUtil 位置 0: x -3.61911 y 9.51252 z -4.76837e-07 exportStlUtil 位置 1：x 0.207723 y 8.75132 z -4.76837e-07 exportStlUtil 位置 2: x 3.45196 y 6.58359 z -3.57628e-07 exportStlUtil 规范 0: x 1.19249e-08 y 0 z -1 exportStlUtil 标准 1：x 0.382684 y 0 z -0.923879 exportStlUtil 标准 2：x 0.707107 y 0 z -0.707107 exportStlUtil 位置 0：x 5.61968 y 3.33936 z -1.19209e-07 exportStlUtil 位置 1：x 6.38089 y -0.487479 z 5.96046e-08 exportStlUtil 位置 2：x 6.38089 y -0.487477 z 0.133333 exportStlUtil 标准 0: x 0.92388 y 0 z -0.382683 exportStlUtil 规范 1：x 1 y 0 z 1.74846e-07 exportStlUtil 规范 2：x 1 y 0 z 0 exportStlUtil 位置 0: x 5.61968 y -4.31431 z 0.133334 exportStlUtil 位置 1：x 3.45195 y -7.55854 z 0.133334 exportStlUtil 位置 2：x 0.207721 y -9.72627 z 0.133334 exportStlUtil 标准 0: x 0.92388 y 0 z 0.382683 exportStlUtil 标准 1：x 0.707107 y 0 z 0.707107 exportStlUtil 标准 2：x 0.382683 y 0 z 0.92388 ...