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我是emacs的新手。我正在尝试使用本指南为 Python 设置它。它建议的第一步是将以下内容添加到init.el：

;; init.el --- Emacs configuration

;; INSTALL PACKAGES
;; --------------------------------------

(require 'package)

(add-to-list 'package-archives
       '("melpa" . "http://melpa.org/packages/") t)

(package-initialize)
(when (not package-archive-contents)
  (package-refresh-contents))

(defvar myPackages
  '(better-defaults
    material-theme))

(mapc #'(lambda (package)
    (unless (package-installed-p package)
      (package-install package)))
      myPackages)

;; BASIC CUSTOMIZATION
;; --------------------------------------

(setq inhibit-startup-message t) ;; hide the startup message
(load-theme 'material t) ;; load material theme
(global-linum-mode t) ;; enable line numbers globally

;; init.el ends here

由于我有一个.emacs文件，因此我尝试将其附加到该文件中。之后，我的.emacs样子：

(require 'package)
(setq package-archives '(("gnu" . "http://elpa.gnu.org/packages/")
                         ("marmalade" . "http://marmalade-repo.org/packages/")
                         ("melpa" . "http://melpa.milkbox.net/packages/")))
(package-initialize)
(when (not package-archive-contents) (package-refresh-contents))

(let ((default-directory "~/.emacs.d/elpa/"))
    (normal-top-level-add-to-load-path '("."))
    (normal-top-level-add-subdirs-to-load-path))
(custom-set-variables
 ;; custom-set-variables was added by Custom.
 ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
 ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
 ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
 )
(custom-set-faces
 ;; custom-set-faces was added by Custom.
 ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
 ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
 ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
 )

;; init.el --- Emacs configuration

;; INSTALL PACKAGES
;; --------------------------------------



(add-to-list 'package-archives
       '("melpa" . "http://melpa.org/packages/") t)

(package-initialize)
(when (not package-archive-contents)
  (package-refresh-contents))

(defvar myPackages
  '(better-defaults
    material-theme))

(mapc #'(lambda (package)
    (unless (package-installed-p package)
      (package-install package)))
      myPackages)

;; BASIC CUSTOMIZATION
;; --------------------------------------

(setq inhibit-startup-message t) ;; hide the startup message
(load-theme 'material t) ;; load material theme
(global-linum-mode t) ;; enable line numbers globally

;; init.el ends here

但是，这会引发错误：

Warning (initialization): An error occurred while loading ‘/Users/adamg/.emacs’:

File error: http://melpa.org/packages/better-defaults-20160601.1219.el, Not found

To ensure normal operation, you should investigate and remove the
cause of the error in your initialization file.  Start Emacs with
the ‘--debug-init’ option to view a complete error backtrace.

运行emacs --debug-init返回：

Debugger entered--Lisp error: (file-error "http://melpa.org/packages/better-defaults-20160601.1219.el" "Not found")
  signal(file-error ("http://melpa.org/packages/better-defaults-20160601.1219.el" "Not found"))
  package-install-from-archive(#s(package-desc :name better-defaults :version (20160601 1219) :summary "Fixing weird quirks and poor defaults" :reqs nil :kind single :archive "melpa" :dir nil :extras ((:url . "https://github.com/technomancy/better-defaults") (:keywords "convenience")) :signed nil))
  mapc(package-install-from-archive (#s(package-desc :name better-defaults :version (20160601 1219) :summary "Fixing weird quirks and poor defaults" :reqs nil :kind single :archive "melpa" :dir nil :extras ((:url . "https://github.com/technomancy/better-defaults") (:keywords "convenience")) :signed nil)))
  package-download-transaction((#s(package-desc :name better-defaults :version (20160601 1219) :summary "Fixing weird quirks and poor defaults" :reqs nil :kind single :archive "melpa" :dir nil :extras ((:url . "https://github.com/technomancy/better-defaults") (:keywords "convenience")) :signed nil)))
  package-install(better-defaults)
  (if (package-installed-p package) nil (package-install package))
  (lambda (package) (if (package-installed-p package) nil (package-install package)))(better-defaults)
  mapc((lambda (package) (if (package-installed-p package) nil (package-install package))) (better-defaults material-theme))
  eval-buffer(#<buffer  *load*> nil "/Users/adamg/.emacs" nil t)  ; Reading at buffer position 1437
  load-with-code-conversion("/Users/adamg/.emacs" "/Users/adamg/.emacs" t t)
  load("~/.emacs" t t)
  #f(compiled-function () #<bytecode 0x400d3941>)()
  command-line()
  normal-top-level()

当我将上面的代码放在一个单独的init.el文件中时，它不会抛出错误，但它也不会改变启动屏幕或主题。有人可以指出我做错了什么吗？

4

1 回答 1

2

您的包存储库内容（本地缓存）已过时，并且 Emacs 正在尝试下载旧的、不再存在的better包版本。

据我所知，这部分有问题：

(when (not package-archive-contents)
  (package-refresh-contents))

基本上，只有在根本没有信息时才从存储库中刷新包内容（所以永远只有一次）。在我看来，最好让它一直保持最新状态，即使 Emacs 启动需要几秒钟的时间。

推荐 - 删除包刷新的条件，将这两行更改为简单：

(package-refresh-contents)

哦，简要介绍一下配置文件 - Emacs 尝试从文件~/.emacs或~/.emacs.d/init.el文件加载配置 - 以该顺序并且仅从其中一个加载。所以如果你有.emacs文件，init.el将被忽略。这就是为什么您的更改init.el没有引发任何错误 - Emacs 忽略了该文件并仅使用了.emacs.

（顺便说一句。Emacs 还记得使用了哪个文件，因此当您使用 Emacs 内置工具自定义配置时，更改会转到正确的文件）

于 2018-07-07T16:49:55.033 回答