我一直在开发一个在 Raspberry pi 3 模型 B 上运行的简单蓝牙 GATT 服务器应用程序。这个应用程序使用 Bluez（版本 5.49）来宣传服务和特性。该应用程序基于以下示例：https ://github.com/Jumperr-labs/python-gatt-server
到目前为止，我几乎已经结束了服务器：客户端可以在特性和服务中进行读写。当客户端尝试断开与服务器的连接时，就会出现问题。服务器似乎拒绝断开连接，因此客户端无法断开连接。可以断开客户端的唯一方法是关闭服务器或禁用客户端上的蓝牙适配器。
客户端是使用以下蓝牙库的 Xamarin 应用程序：https ://github.com/aritchie/bluetoothle 。客户端问题已被丢弃，因为该问题也出现在 LightBlue 等蓝牙文件测试应用程序的测试中（https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/lightblue-explorer/id557428110?mt=8）。
基本 GATT 服务器如下：
from __future__ import print_function
import dbus
import dbus.exceptions
import dbus.mainloop.glib
import dbus.service
import array
try:
from gi.repository import GObject
except ImportError:
import gobject as GObject
import advertising
import gatt_server
import argparse
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-a', '--adapter-name', type=str, help='Adapter name', default='')
args = parser.parse_args()
adapter_name = args.adapter_name
dbus.mainloop.glib.DBusGMainLoop(set_as_default=True)
bus = dbus.SystemBus()
mainloop = GObject.MainLoop()
advertising.advertising_main(mainloop, bus, adapter_name)
gatt_server.gatt_server_main(mainloop, bus, adapter_name)
mainloop.run()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
在广告中：
from __future__ import print_function
import dbus
import dbus.exceptions
import dbus.mainloop.glib
import dbus.service
import functools
import exceptions
import adapters
BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME = 'org.bluez'
LE_ADVERTISING_MANAGER_IFACE = 'org.bluez.LEAdvertisingManager1'
DBUS_OM_IFACE = 'org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager'
DBUS_PROP_IFACE = 'org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties'
LE_ADVERTISEMENT_IFACE = 'org.bluez.LEAdvertisement1'
class Advertisement(dbus.service.Object):
PATH_BASE = '/org/bluez/example/advertisement'
def __init__(self, bus, index, advertising_type):
self.path = self.PATH_BASE + str(index)
self.bus = bus
self.ad_type = advertising_type
self.service_uuids = None
self.manufacturer_data = None
self.solicit_uuids = None
self.service_data = None
self.include_tx_power = None
dbus.service.Object.__init__(self, bus, self.path)
def get_properties(self):
properties = dict()
properties['Type'] = self.ad_type
if self.service_uuids is not None:
properties['ServiceUUIDs'] = dbus.Array(self.service_uuids,
signature='s')
if self.solicit_uuids is not None:
properties['SolicitUUIDs'] = dbus.Array(self.solicit_uuids,
signature='s')
if self.manufacturer_data is not None:
properties['ManufacturerData'] = dbus.Dictionary(
self.manufacturer_data, signature='qv')
if self.service_data is not None:
properties['ServiceData'] = dbus.Dictionary(self.service_data,
signature='sv')
if self.include_tx_power is not None:
properties['IncludeTxPower'] = dbus.Boolean(self.include_tx_power)
return {LE_ADVERTISEMENT_IFACE: properties}
def get_path(self):
return dbus.ObjectPath(self.path)
def add_service_uuid(self, uuid):
if not self.service_uuids:
self.service_uuids = []
self.service_uuids.append(uuid)
def add_solicit_uuid(self, uuid):
if not self.solicit_uuids:
self.solicit_uuids = []
self.solicit_uuids.append(uuid)
def add_manufacturer_data(self, manuf_code, data):
if not self.manufacturer_data:
self.manufacturer_data = dbus.Dictionary({}, signature='qv')
self.manufacturer_data[manuf_code] = dbus.Array(data, signature='y')
def add_service_data(self, uuid, data):
if not self.service_data:
self.service_data = dbus.Dictionary({}, signature='sv')
self.service_data[uuid] = dbus.Array(data, signature='y')
@dbus.service.method(DBUS_PROP_IFACE,
in_signature='s',
out_signature='a{sv}')
def GetAll(self, interface):
print('GetAll')
if interface != LE_ADVERTISEMENT_IFACE:
raise exceptions.InvalidArgsException()
print('returning props')
return self.get_properties()[LE_ADVERTISEMENT_IFACE]
@dbus.service.method(LE_ADVERTISEMENT_IFACE,
in_signature='',
out_signature='')
def Release(self):
print('%s: Released!' % self.path)
def __del__(self):
self.remove_from_connection()
class TestAdvertisement(Advertisement):
def __init__(self, bus, index):
Advertisement.__init__(self, bus, index, 'peripheral')
self.add_service_uuid('b5fd')
self.add_service_uuid('dfe8')
self.add_service_uuid('8ce1')
self.add_manufacturer_data(0xffff, [0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04])
self.add_service_data('9999', [0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04])
self.include_tx_power = True
def register_ad_cb():
print('Advertisement registered')
def register_ad_error_cb(mainloop, error):
print('Failed to register advertisement: ' + str(error))
mainloop.quit()
def advertising_main(mainloop, bus, adapter_name):
adapter = adapters.find_adapter(bus, LE_ADVERTISING_MANAGER_IFACE, adapter_name)
print('adapter: %s' % (adapter,))
if not adapter:
raise Exception('LEAdvertisingManager1 interface not found')
adapter_props = dbus.Interface(bus.get_object(BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME, adapter),
"org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties")
adapter_props.Set("org.bluez.Adapter1", "Powered", dbus.Boolean(0))
adapter_props.Set("org.bluez.Adapter1", "Powered", dbus.Boolean(1))
ad_manager = dbus.Interface(bus.get_object(BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME, adapter),
LE_ADVERTISING_MANAGER_IFACE)
test_advertisement = TestAdvertisement(bus, 0)
ad_manager.RegisterAdvertisement(test_advertisement.get_path(), {},
reply_handler=register_ad_cb,
error_handler=functools.partial(register_ad_error_cb, mainloop))
在 gatt_server 中：
from __future__ import print_function
import dbus
import dbus.exceptions
import dbus.mainloop.glib
import dbus.service
import array
import functools
import configreadwrite
import startstoprestart
import wlanconfig
try:
from gi.repository import GObject
except ImportError:
import gobject as GObject
from random import randint
import exceptions
import adapters
BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME = 'org.bluez'
LE_ADVERTISING_MANAGER_IFACE = 'org.bluez.LEAdvertisingManager1'
DBUS_OM_IFACE = 'org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager'
DBUS_PROP_IFACE = 'org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties'
LE_ADVERTISEMENT_IFACE = 'org.bluez.LEAdvertisement1'
GATT_MANAGER_IFACE = 'org.bluez.GattManager1'
GATT_SERVICE_IFACE = 'org.bluez.GattService1'
GATT_CHRC_IFACE = 'org.bluez.GattCharacteristic1'
GATT_DESC_IFACE = 'org.bluez.GattDescriptor1'
class Application(dbus.service.Object):
"""
org.bluez.GattApplication1 interface implementation
"""
def __init__(self, bus):
self.path = '/'
self.services = []
dbus.service.Object.__init__(self, bus, self.path)
self.add_service(ConfigurationService(bus,0))
self.add_service(StartStopRestartService(bus,1))
self.add_service(WlanConfigService(bus,2))
def get_path(self):
return dbus.ObjectPath(self.path)
def add_service(self, service):
self.services.append(service)
@dbus.service.method(DBUS_OM_IFACE, out_signature='a{oa{sa{sv}}}')
def GetManagedObjects(self):
response = {}
print('GetManagedObjects')
for service in self.services:
response[service.get_path()] = service.get_properties()
chrcs = service.get_characteristics()
for chrc in chrcs:
response[chrc.get_path()] = chrc.get_properties()
descs = chrc.get_descriptors()
for desc in descs:
response[desc.get_path()] = desc.get_properties()
return response
def __del__(self):
self.remove_from_connection()
class Service(dbus.service.Object):
"""
org.bluez.GattService1 interface implementation
"""
PATH_BASE = '/org/bluez/example/service'
def __init__(self, bus, index, uuid, primary):
self.path = self.PATH_BASE + str(index)
self.bus = bus
self.uuid = uuid
self.primary = primary
self.characteristics = []
dbus.service.Object.__init__(self, bus, self.path)
def get_properties(self):
return {
GATT_SERVICE_IFACE: {
'UUID': self.uuid,
'Primary': self.primary,
'Characteristics': dbus.Array(
self.get_characteristic_paths(),
signature='o')
}
}
def get_path(self):
return dbus.ObjectPath(self.path)
def add_characteristic(self, characteristic):
self.characteristics.append(characteristic)
def get_characteristic_paths(self):
result = []
for chrc in self.characteristics:
result.append(chrc.get_path())
return result
def get_characteristics(self):
return self.characteristics
@dbus.service.method(DBUS_PROP_IFACE,
in_signature='s',
out_signature='a{sv}')
def GetAll(self, interface):
if interface != GATT_SERVICE_IFACE:
raise exceptions.InvalidArgsException()
return self.get_properties()[GATT_SERVICE_IFACE]
class Characteristic(dbus.service.Object):
"""
org.bluez.GattCharacteristic1 interface implementation
"""
def __init__(self, bus, index, uuid, flags, service):
self.path = service.path + '/char' + str(index)
self.bus = bus
self.uuid = uuid
self.service = service
self.flags = flags
self.descriptors = []
dbus.service.Object.__init__(self, bus, self.path)
def get_properties(self):
return {
GATT_CHRC_IFACE: {
'Service': self.service.get_path(),
'UUID': self.uuid,
'Flags': self.flags,
'Descriptors': dbus.Array(
self.get_descriptor_paths(),
signature='o')
}
}
def get_path(self):
return dbus.ObjectPath(self.path)
@dbus.service.method(DBUS_PROP_IFACE,
in_signature='s',
out_signature='a{sv}')
def GetAll(self, interface):
if interface != GATT_CHRC_IFACE:
raise exceptions.InvalidArgsException()
return self.get_properties()[GATT_CHRC_IFACE]
@dbus.service.method(GATT_CHRC_IFACE,
in_signature='a{sv}',
out_signature='ay')
def ReadValue(self, options):
print('Default ReadValue called, returning error')
raise exceptions.NotSupportedException()
@dbus.service.method(GATT_CHRC_IFACE, in_signature='aya{sv}')
def WriteValue(self, value, options):
print('Default WriteValue called, returning error')
raise exceptions.NotSupportedException()
@dbus.service.method(GATT_CHRC_IFACE)
def StartNotify(self):
print('Default StartNotify called, returning error')
raise exceptions.NotSupportedException()
@dbus.service.method(GATT_CHRC_IFACE)
def StopNotify(self):
print('Default StopNotify called, returning error')
raise exceptions.NotSupportedException()
@dbus.service.signal(DBUS_PROP_IFACE,
signature='sa{sv}as')
def PropertiesChanged(self, interface, changed, invalidated):
pass
(...) 服务和特性实现 (...)
def register_app_cb():
print('GATT application registered')
def register_app_error_cb(mainloop, error):
print('Failed to register application: ' + str(error))
mainloop.quit()
def gatt_server_main(mainloop, bus, adapter_name):
adapter = adapters.find_adapter(bus, GATT_MANAGER_IFACE, adapter_name)
if not adapter:
raise Exception('GattManager1 interface not found')
service_manager = dbus.Interface(
bus.get_object(BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME, adapter),
GATT_MANAGER_IFACE)
app = Application(bus)
print('Registering GATT application...')
service_manager.RegisterApplication(app.get_path(), {},
reply_handler=register_app_cb,
error_handler=functools.partial(register_app_error_cb, mainloop))
最后在适配器中：
from __future__ import print_function
import dbus
import dbus.exceptions
import dbus.mainloop.glib
import dbus.service
BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME = 'org.bluez'
LE_ADVERTISING_MANAGER_IFACE = 'org.bluez.LEAdvertisingManager1'
DBUS_OM_IFACE = 'org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager'
DBUS_PROP_IFACE = 'org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties'
LE_ADVERTISEMENT_IFACE = 'org.bluez.LEAdvertisement1'
GATT_MANAGER_IFACE = 'org.bluez.GattManager1'
GATT_SERVICE_IFACE = 'org.bluez.GattService1'
GATT_CHRC_IFACE = 'org.bluez.GattCharacteristic1'
GATT_DESC_IFACE = 'org.bluez.GattDescriptor1'
def find_adapter(bus, adapter_interface_name, adapter_name):
remote_om = dbus.Interface(bus.get_object(BLUEZ_SERVICE_NAME, '/'), DBUS_OM_IFACE)
objects = remote_om.GetManagedObjects()
for o, props in objects.items():
print('checking adapter %s, keys: %s' % (o, props.keys()))
if adapter_interface_name in props.keys():
print('found adapter %s' % (o,))
if '/' + adapter_name in o:
print('returning adapter %s' % (o,))
return o
return None
任何建议都被接受。我已经处理这个错误几个星期了，我感到很沮丧