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我想在 PHP 中将文本分成句子。我目前正在使用正则表达式,它带来了约 95% 的准确率,并希望通过使用更好的方法来改进。我见过在 Perl、Java 和 C 中执行此操作的 NLP 工具,但没有看到任何适合 PHP 的东西。你知道这样的工具吗?

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6 回答 6

23

增强的正则表达式解决方案

假设您确实关心处理:Mr.Mrs.缩写,那么以下单个正则表达式解决方案效果很好:

<?php // test.php Rev:20160820_1800
$split_sentences = '%(?#!php/i split_sentences Rev:20160820_1800)
    # Split sentences on whitespace between them.
    # See: http://stackoverflow.com/a/5844564/433790
    (?<=          # Sentence split location preceded by
      [.!?]       # either an end of sentence punct,
    | [.!?][\'"]  # or end of sentence punct and quote.
    )             # End positive lookbehind.
    (?<!          # But don\'t split after these:
      Mr\.        # Either "Mr."
    | Mrs\.       # Or "Mrs."
    | Ms\.        # Or "Ms."
    | Jr\.        # Or "Jr."
    | Dr\.        # Or "Dr."
    | Prof\.      # Or "Prof."
    | Sr\.        # Or "Sr."
    | T\.V\.A\.   # Or "T.V.A."
                 # Or... (you get the idea).
    )             # End negative lookbehind.
    \s+           # Split on whitespace between sentences,
    (?=\S)        # (but not at end of string).
    %xi';  // End $split_sentences.

$text = 'This is sentence one. Sentence two! Sentence thr'.
        'ee? Sentence "four". Sentence "five"! Sentence "'.
        'six"? Sentence "seven." Sentence \'eight!\' Dr. '.
        'Jones said: "Mrs. Smith you have a lovely daught'.
        'er!" The T.V.A. is a big project! '; // Note ws at end.

$sentences = preg_split($split_sentences, $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
for ($i = 0; $i < count($sentences); ++$i) {
    printf("Sentence[%d] = [%s]\n", $i + 1, $sentences[$i]);
}
?>

请注意,您可以轻松地在表达式中添加或删除缩写词。给定以下测试段落:

这是第一句。第二句!第三句?句“四”。一句话“五”!“六”字?句“七”。句子“八!” 琼斯博士说:“史密斯夫人,您有一个可爱的女儿!” TVA是个大工程!

这是脚本的输出:

Sentence[1] = [This is sentence one.]
Sentence[2] = [Sentence two!]
Sentence[3] = [Sentence three?]
Sentence[4] = [Sentence "four".]
Sentence[5] = [Sentence "five"!]
Sentence[6] = [Sentence "six"?]
Sentence[7] = [Sentence "seven."]
Sentence[8] = [Sentence 'eight!']
Sentence[9] = [Dr. Jones said: "Mrs. Smith you have a lovely daughter!"]
Sentence[10] = [The T.V.A. is a big project!]

基本的正则表达式解决方案

该问题的作者评论说,上述解决方案“忽略了许多选项”并且不够通用。我不确定这意味着什么,但上述表达式的本质是尽可能简洁明了。这里是:

$re = '/(?<=[.!?]|[.!?][\'"])\s+(?=\S)/';
$sentences = preg_split($re, $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);

请注意,两种解决方案都能正确识别在结尾标点符号后以引号结尾的句子。如果您不关心匹配以引号结尾的句子,则可以将正则表达式简化为:/(?<=[.!?])\s+(?=\S)/

编辑:20130820_1000添加T.V.A.(另一个标点符号被忽略)到正则表达式和测试字符串。(回答 PapyRef 的评论问题)

编辑:20130820_1800整理并重命名正则表达式并添加了 shebang。还修复了正则表达式以防止在尾随空格上拆分文本。

于 2011-04-30T20:58:33.977 回答
2

对别人的工作略有改进:

$re = '/# Split sentences on whitespace between them.
(?<=                # Begin positive lookbehind.
  [.!?]             # Either an end of sentence punct,
| [.!?][\'"]        # or end of sentence punct and quote.
)                   # End positive lookbehind.
(?<!                # Begin negative lookbehind.
  Mr\.              # Skip either "Mr."
| Mrs\.             # or "Mrs.",
| Ms\.              # or "Ms.",
| Jr\.              # or "Jr.",
| Dr\.              # or "Dr.",
| Prof\.            # or "Prof.",
| Sr\.              # or "Sr.",
| \s[A-Z]\.              # or initials ex: "George W. Bush",
                    # or... (you get the idea).
)                   # End negative lookbehind.
\s+                 # Split on whitespace between sentences.
/ix';
$sentences = preg_split($re, $story, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
于 2011-09-15T23:55:58.710 回答
0

我正在使用这个正则表达式:

preg_split('/(?<=[.?!])\s(?=[A-Z"\'])/', $text);

不适用于以数字开头的句子,但也应该很少有误报。当然,你在做什么也很重要。我的程序现在使用

explode('.',$text);

因为我认为速度比准确性更重要。

于 2011-04-26T17:29:44.017 回答
0

作为一种低技术方法,您可能需要考虑在循环中使用一系列explode调用,使用 .、! 和 ? 作为你的针。这将非常占用内存和处理器(就像大多数文本处理一样)。您将拥有一堆临时数组和一个主数组,其中所有找到的句子都以正确的顺序进行数字索引。

此外,您还必须检查常见的异常(例如Mr.Dr.等标题中的 . ),但由于所有内容都在数组中,这些类型的检查应该不会那么糟糕。

我不确定这在速度和缩放方面是否比正则表达式更好,但值得一试。您想将这些文本块分成多大的句子?

于 2011-04-26T16:42:17.287 回答
0

建立一个这样的缩写列表

$skip_array = array ( 

'Jr', 'Mr', 'Mrs', 'Ms', 'Dr', 'Prof', 'Sr' , etc.

将它们编译成表达式

$skip = '';
foreach($skip_array as $abbr) {
$skip = $skip . (empty($skip) ? '' : '|') . '\s{1}' . $abbr . '[.!?]';
}

最后运行这个 preg_split 来分解成句子。

$lines = preg_split ("/(?<!$skip)(?<=[.?!])\s+(?=[^a-z])/",
                     $txt, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);

如果您正在处理 HTML,请注意标记被删除,从而消除句子之间的空格。<p></p>如果你把situations.Likewhere.They粘在一起,它就会变得非常难以解析。

于 2011-04-30T19:55:53.530 回答
0

@ridgerunner 我用 C# 编写了你的​​ PHP 代码

结果我得到了两句话:

  • J. Dujardin régle sa 先生
  • A.特别是。独特性

正确的结果应该是句子:Mr. J. Dujardin régle sa TVA en esp. 独特性

和我们的测试段落

string sText = "This is sentence one. Sentence two! Sentence three? Sentence \"four\". Sentence \"five\"! Sentence \"six\"? Sentence \"seven.\" Sentence 'eight!' Dr. Jones said: \"Mrs. Smith you have a lovely daughter!\" The T.V.A. is a big project!";

结果是

index: 0 sentence: This is sentence one.
index: 22 sentence: Sentence two!
index: 36 sentence: Sentence three?
index: 52 sentence: Sentence "four".
index: 69 sentence: Sentence "five"!
index: 86 sentence: Sentence "six"?
index: 102 sentence: Sentence "seven.
index: 118 sentence: " Sentence 'eight!'
index: 136 sentence: ' Dr. Jones said: "Mrs. Smith you have a lovely daughter!
index: 193 sentence: " The T.V.
index: 203 sentence: A. is a big project!

C#代码:

                string sText = "Mr. J. Dujardin régle sa T.V.A. en esp. uniquement";
                Regex rx = new Regex(@"(\S.+?
                                       [.!?]               # Either an end of sentence punct,
                                       | [.!?]['""]         # or end of sentence punct and quote.
                                       )
                                       (?<!                 # Begin negative lookbehind.
                                          Mr.                   # Skip either Mr.
                                        | Mrs.                  # or Mrs.,
                                        | Ms.                   # or Ms.,
                                        | Jr.                   # or Jr.,
                                        | Dr.                   # or Dr.,
                                        | Prof.                 # or Prof.,
                                        | Sr.                   # or Sr.,
                                        | \s[A-Z].              # or initials ex: George W. Bush,
                                        | T\.V\.A\.             # or "T.V.A."
                                       )                    # End negative lookbehind.
                                       (?=|\s+|$)", 
                                       RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.IgnorePatternWhitespace | RegexOptions.Compiled);
                foreach (Match match in rx.Matches(sText))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("index: {0}  sentence: {1}", match.Index, match.Value);
                }
于 2013-08-22T07:35:34.860 回答