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我正在尝试编写一个简单的 SprintBoot REST 控制器以在 Websphere Liberty 上运行，并且遇到了 @Autowire 问题。以下是相关的（我认为）代码：

@CrossOrigin
@RestController
@RequestMapping(path = "userSetting")
public class RESTInterface {

    @Autowired
    private UserSettingDAO userSettingDAO;

    @RequestMapping(path = "/getUserSetting", method = { RequestMethod.GET }, produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
    public String getUserSetting(
            @RequestParam(value="user_id", required=true ) String user_id, 
            @RequestParam(value="app_id", required=true )  String app_id,
            @RequestParam(value="dashboard_name", required=true ) String dashboard_name 
            ) {
        if ( userSettingDAO == null ) {
            System.out.println( "userSettingDAO is null" );
    ...

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

@Component
 public class UserSettingDAO {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;

     public UserSettingDAO() {
        System.out.println( "dataSource is " + dataSource );
        System.out.println( "jdbcTemplate is " + jdbcTemplate );

当我将应用程序部署到 Liberty 时，它似乎可以正常启动。当我到达适当的端点时，我看到以下内容console.log：

UserSettingDAO.jdbcTemplate = null
dataSource is null
jdbcTemplate is null
2018-04-24 16:54:19.887  INFO 8807 --- [cutor-thread-11] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/userSetting/getUserSetting],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json;charset=UTF-8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.ui.usersetting.restinterface.RESTInterface.getUserSetting(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String)
2018-04-24 16:54:19.890  INFO 8807 --- [cutor-thread-11] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/userSetting/upsertUserSetting],methods=[POST],produces=[application/json;charset=UTF-8]}" onto public void com.ui.usersetting.restinterface.RESTInterface.upsertUserSetting(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String)
2018-04-24 16:54:19.891  INFO 8807 --- [cutor-thread-11] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/userSetting/deleteUserSetting],methods=[DELETE],produces=[application/json;charset=UTF-8]}" onto public void com.ui.usersetting.restinterface.RESTInterface.deleteUserSetting(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String)
2018-04-24 16:54:19.893  INFO 8807 --- [cutor-thread-11] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/userSetting/hello],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json;charset=UTF-8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.ui.usersetting.restinterface.RESTInterface.hello()
2018-04-24 16:54:19.924  INFO 8807 --- [cutor-thread-11] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2018-04-24 16:54:19.925  INFO 8807 --- [cutor-thread-11] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2018-04-24 16:54:20.166  INFO 8807 --- [cutor-thread-11] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@6a5997f7: startup date [Tue Apr 24 16:54:15 EDT 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-04-24 16:54:21.386  INFO 8807 --- [cutor-thread-11] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-04-24 16:54:21.389  INFO 8807 --- [cutor-thread-11] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Bean with name 'dataSource' has been autodetected for JMX exposure
2018-04-24 16:54:21.396  INFO 8807 --- [cutor-thread-11] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Located MBean 'dataSource': registering with JMX server as MBean [com.zaxxer.hikari:name=dataSource,type=HikariDataSource]

我的问题是：为什么这两个println语句都说它们各自的变量为空？这是否与 UserSettingDAO 构造函数出现在日志中要在关于出现在日志中的行之前dataSource执行的事实有关？

我应该怎么做才能正确初始化这些变量？

4

1 回答 1

0

在调用 Spring 组件的构造函数时，任何@Autowired对象仍将为空。这是因为 spring 容器需要先初始化类的实例，然后才能将值注入@Autowired字段。

我不知道 Spring 是如何实现注入的，但大多数 Java 注入都是这样工作的：

  1. 构造 bean 类的新实例，通常通过调用默认 ctor（或初始化动态生成的子类代理）
  2. 获取需要注入bean的对象
  3. 使用反射/代理，设置 bean 上的字段

为了验证这一点，我创建了一个UserSettingsDAO利用@AutoWired字段的方法：

@Component
public class UserSettingDAO {

   @Autowired
   private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

   @Autowired
   private DataSource ds;

   public UserSettingDAO() {
       System.out.println("ctor/jdbcTemplate is " + jdbcTemplate );
       System.out.println("ctor/datasource is: " + ds);
   }

   public void doStuff() {
       System.out.println("doStuff/jdbcTemplate is " + jdbcTemplate );
       System.out.println("doStuff/datasource is: " + ds);
   }
}

如果我们将这个 DAO 注入到另一个类中并使用它，我们将看到字段在UserSettingDAO构造之后被初始化：

@CrossOrigin
@RestController
public class RESTInterface {

    @Autowired
    private UserSettingDAO dao;

    @RequestMapping(path = "/jdbc", method = { RequestMethod.GET }, produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
    public String jdbc() {
        return dao.doStuff();
    }
}

检查日志，这将产生以下输出：

ctor/jdbcTemplate is null
ctor/datasource is: null
doStuff/jdbcTemplate is org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate@4eb46bed
doStuff/datasource is: com.ibm.ws.rsadapter.jdbc.WSJdbcDataSource@727d23c5
于 2018-04-25T14:29:36.517 回答