我正在尝试在 dafny 中编写一个程序,以查找给定整数集的所有子集,其乘积是给定数字。
我所做的是实现 ComputeSubProduct、FindProductSets 和 GenerateAllIndexSubsets 方法。
这是我到目前为止得到的:
method Main() {
var q := [2,3,4];
var productSets := FindProductSets(q, 12);
assert {1,2} in productSets by {
calc {
SubProduct(q, {1,2});
== { LemmaSubProductsOrderIndifference(q, {1,2}, 1); }
q[1]*q[2];
==
3*4;
==
12;
}
}
}
function SubProduct(q: seq<int>, indexSet: set<nat>): int
requires InRange(q, indexSet)
{
if |indexSet| == 0 then 1 else var i :| i in indexSet; q[i] * SubProduct(q, indexSet-{i})
}
predicate InRange<T>(q: seq<T>, indexSet: set<nat>)
{
forall i :: i in indexSet ==> 0 <= i < |q|
}
function AllIndexSubsets<T>(q: seq<T>): (res: set<set<nat>>)
ensures forall s :: s in res ==> InRange(q, s)
{
AllSubsets(set i | P(i) && 0 <= i < |q|)
}
predicate P<T>(x: T) { true } // this is helpful only for avoiding a "no triggers found" warning by Dafny
function AllSubsets<T>(s: set<T>): set<set<T>>
{
set subset: set<T> | P(subset) && subset <= s
}
method FindProductSets(q: seq<int>, num: int) returns (result: set<set<int>>)
ensures forall indexSet :: indexSet in result <==> indexSet in AllIndexSubsets(q) && SubProduct(q, indexSet) == num
method GenerateAllIndexSubsets<T>(q: seq<T>) returns (res: set<set<nat>>)
ensures res == AllIndexSubsets(q)
{
res := A(q, 0);
}
method A<T>(q: seq<T>, index: nat) returns (res: set<set<nat>>)
ensures res == AllIndexSubsets(q)
{
if |q| == 0
{
assert |q| == 0;// if's guard
// ==>
assert {} == AllIndexSubsets<nat>([]);
assert q == [];
assert {} == AllIndexSubsets(q);
res := {};
assert res == AllIndexSubsets(q); // postcondition
}
else
{
assert |q| != 0; // !(if's guard)
var res0 : set<set<nat>> := A(q[1..], index + 1);
assert res0 == AllIndexSubsets(q[1..]);
res := res0;
assert res == AllIndexSubsets(q[1..]); //GenerateAllIndexSubsets postcondition with q[1..]
//var res1 : set<set<nat>> := AllIndexSubsetsIntersection(q, q[0], res0);
var res1: set<set<nat>> := (set x | x in res0 :: x + {index});
assert res1 == AllIndexSubsets(q) - AllIndexSubsets(q[1..]);
assert res0 == AllIndexSubsets(q[1..]);
assert res1 == AllIndexSubsets(q) - res0;
// ==>
assert res0 + res1 == AllIndexSubsets(q);
res := res + res1;
assert res == AllIndexSubsets(q); // postcondition
}
assert res == AllIndexSubsets(q); // postcondition
}
method ComputeSubProduct(q: seq<int>, indexSet: set<nat>) returns (prod: int)
requires InRange(q, indexSet)
ensures prod == SubProduct(q, indexSet)
lemma {:verify false} LemmaSubProductsOrderIndifference(q: seq<int>, indexSet: set<nat>, i: nat)
requires i in indexSet
requires InRange(q, indexSet)
ensures q[i] * SubProduct(q, indexSet-{i}) == SubProduct(q, indexSet)
{}
我在“A”方法中遇到断言违规:
- 断言 {} == AllIndexSubsets([])
- 断言 res1 == AllIndexSubsets(q) - AllIndexSubsets(q[1..])