我刚刚将一个项目从 Visual C++ 2012 升级到 Visual C++ 2017，我从 MSBuild 中遇到了构建失败：
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\IDE\VC\VCTargets\Microsoft.Cpp.Current.targets(64,5)：错误 MSB4062：无法加载“SetEnv”任务从程序集 C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\IDE\VC\VCTargets\Microsoft.Build.CppTasks.Common.dll。无法加载文件或程序集“Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a”或其依赖项之一。该系统找不到指定的文件。确认声明正确，程序集及其所有依赖项都可用，并且任务包含实现 Microsoft.Build.Framework.ITask 的公共类。[C:\src\my-project.vcxproj]
Fusion 日志显示了不好的情况：
*** Assembly Binder Log Entry (2/12/2018 @ 1:44:29 PM) ***
The operation failed.
Bind result: hr = 0x80070002. The system cannot find the file specified.
Assembly manager loaded from: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\clr.dll
Running under executable C:\windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\msbuild.exe
--- A detailed error log follows.
=== Pre-bind state information ===
LOG: DisplayName = Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a
(Fully-specified)
LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v4.0.30319/
LOG: Initial PrivatePath = NULL
LOG: Dynamic Base = NULL
LOG: Cache Base = NULL
LOG: AppName = msbuild.exe
Calling assembly : Microsoft.Build.CPPTasks.Common, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a.
===
LOG: This bind starts in LoadFrom load context.
WRN: Native image will not be probed in LoadFrom context. Native image will only be probed in default load context, like with Assembly.Load().
LOG: Using application configuration file: C:\windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\msbuild.exe.Config
LOG: Using host configuration file:
LOG: Using machine configuration file from C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config.
LOG: Post-policy reference: Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a
LOG: GAC Lookup was unsuccessful.
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v4.0.30319/Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core.DLL.
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v4.0.30319/Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core/Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core.DLL.
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v4.0.30319/Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core.EXE.
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v4.0.30319/Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core/Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core.EXE.
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Common7/IDE/VC/VCTargets/Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core.DLL.
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Common7/IDE/VC/VCTargets/Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core/Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core.DLL.
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Common7/IDE/VC/VCTargets/Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core.EXE.
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Common7/IDE/VC/VCTargets/Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core/Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Core.EXE.
LOG: All probing URLs attempted and failed.
刚刚在Visual Studio Community上发布了这个，但在另一个几乎相同的错误报告中，由于我无法理解的原因，他们将其关闭为“不是错误”。我希望 StackOverflow 会更有帮助。:)