理解这一点的关键super()
是实现协作继承。类如何合作取决于程序员。super()
不是魔术,也不知道你想要什么!将 super 用于不需要协作继承的平面层次结构没有多大意义,因此在这种情况下,S. Lott 的建议是正确的。Useful 的子类可能会也可能不想使用,super()
这取决于他们的目标:)
例如:Abstract 是 A.A <- B,但是你想支持 C 的插入,比如 A <- C <- B。
class A(object):
"""I am an abstract abstraction :)"""
def foo(self):
raise NotImplementedError('I need to be implemented!')
class B(A):
"""I want to implement A"""
def foo(self):
print('B: foo')
# MRO Stops here, unless super is not A
position = self.__class__.__mro__.index
if not position(B) + 1 == position(A):
super().foo()
b = B()
b.foo()
class C(A):
"""I want to modify B and all its siblings (see below)"""
def foo(self):
print('C: foo')
# MRO Stops here, unless super is not A
position = self.__class__.__mro__.index
if not position(C) + 1 == position(A):
super().foo()
print('')
print('B: Old __base__ and __mro__:\n')
print('Base:', B.__bases__)
print('MRO:', B.__mro__)
print('')
# __mro__ change implementation
B.__bases__ = (C,)
print('B: New __base__ and __mro__:\n')
print('Base:', B.__bases__)
print('MRO:', B.__mro__)
print('')
b.foo()
和输出:
B: foo
B: Old __base__ and __mro__:
Base: (<class '__main__.A'>,)
MRO: (<class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <class 'object'>)
B: New __base__ and __mro__:
Base: (<class '__main__.C'>,)
MRO: (<class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <class 'object'>)
B: foo
C: foo