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卸载调用将函数的数据(参数)从主机传输到英特尔 MIC(至强融核协处理器 3120 系列)是否需要预定义的时间?

具体来说,我为要在 MIC 上执行的函数执行卸载调用 ("#pragma offload target(mic)")。该函数有 15 个参数(指针和变量),我已经确认参数在 MIC 上的正确传递。但是我已经简化了代码,目的是检查参数传递的时间,因此它只包含一个简单的“printf()”函数。我使用“sys/time.h”头文件的“gettimeofday()”来测量时间,如下面的代码所示:

主机的一些硬件信息: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3770 CPU @ 3.40GHz / CentOS release 6.8 / PCI Express Revision 2.0

主程序

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>

__attribute__ (( target (mic))) unsigned long long ForSolution = 0;
__attribute__ (( target (mic))) unsigned long long sufficientSol = 1;
__attribute__ (( target (mic))) float timer = 0.0;

__attribute__ (( target (mic))) void function(float *grid, float *displ, unsigned long long *li, unsigned long long *repet, float *solution, unsigned long long dim, unsigned long long numOfa, unsigned long long numLoops, unsigned long long numBlock, unsigned long long thread, unsigned long long blockGrid, unsigned long long station, unsigned long long bytesSol, unsigned long long totalSol, volatile unsigned long long *prog);

   float    *grid, *displ, *solution;
   unsigned long long   *li,repet;
   volatile unsigned long long  *prog;
   unsigned long long dim = 10, grid_a = 3, numLoops = 2, numBlock = 0;
   unsigned long long thread = 220, blockGrid = 0, station = 12;
   unsigned long long station_at = 8, bytesSol, totalSol;

   bytesSol = dim*sizeof(float);
   totalSol = ((1024 * 1024 * 1024) / bytesSol) * bytesSol;



   /******** Some memcpy() functions here for the pointers*********/                   



gettimeofday(&start, NULL);

   #pragma offload target(mic) \
        in(grid:length(dim * grid_a * sizeof(float))) \
        in(displ:length(station * station_at * sizeof(float))) \
        in(li:length(dim * sizeof(unsigned long long))) \
        in(repet:length(dim * sizeof(unsigned long long))) \
        out(solution:length(totalSol/sizeof(float))) \
        in(dim,grid_a,numLoops,numBlock,thread,blockGrid,station,bytesSol,totalSol) \
        in(prog:length(sizeof(volatile unsigned long long))) \
        inout(ForSolution,sufficientSol,timer)
   {
        function(grid, displ, li, repet, solution, dim, grid_a, numLoops, numBlock, thread, blockGrid, station, bytesSol, totalSol, prog);
   }

    gettimeofday(&end, NULL);  

    printf("Time to tranfer data on Intel Xeon Phi: %f sec\n", (((end.tv_sec - start.tv_sec) * 1000000.0 + (end.tv_usec - start.tv_usec)) / 1000000.0) - timer);
    printf("Time for calculations: %f sec\n", timer);

函数.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <omp.h>

void function(float *grid, float *displ, unsigned long long *li, unsigned long long *repet, float *solution, unsigned long long dim, unsigned long long numOfa, unsigned long long numLoops, unsigned long long numBlock, unsigned long long thread, unsigned long long blockGrid, unsigned long long station, unsigned long long bytesSol, unsigned long long totalSol, volatile unsigned long long *prog)
{
    struct timeval      timer_start, timer_end;

    gettimeofday(&timer_start, NULL);

printf("Hello World!!!\n");


    gettimeofday(&timer_end, NULL);

    timer = ((timer_end.tv_sec - timer_start.tv_sec) * 1000000.0 + (timer_end.tv_usec - timer_start.tv_usec)) / 1000000.0 ;  
}

终端结果:

Time to tranfer data on Intel Xeon Phi: 3.512706 sec
Time for calculations: 0.000002 sec
Hello World!!!

代码需要 3.5 秒才能完成“卸载目标”。以上结果正常吗?有什么方法可以减少卸载呼叫的显着时间延迟?

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1 回答 1

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让我们看看这里的步骤:

a) 首先#pragma offload初始化 MIC;这可能包括重置它、​​启动精简的 Linux(并等待它启动所有 CPU、初始化其内存管理、启动伪 NIC 驱动程序等),并将代码上传到设备。这可能仅需要几秒钟。

b) 所有输入数据都上传到 MIC。

c) 函数被执行。

d) 所有输出数据均从 MIC 下载。

对于通过 PCI Express Revision 2.0 (x16) 传输的原始数据,最大。带宽为 8 GB/s;但是你不会得到最大值。带宽。据我所知,与 Phi 的通信涉及共享环形缓冲区和“门铃”IRQ,两侧(在主机和协处理器的操作系统上)带有“伪 NIC”驱动程序;如果你得到最大的一半,我会很惊讶所有的握手和开销。带宽。

我认为上传的代码、上传的数据和下载的数据总量远远超过 1 GiB(例如out(solution:length(totalSol/sizeof(float))),本身就是 1 GiB)。如果我们假设“大约 4 GiB/s”,那至少还有大约 250 毫秒。

我的建议是每件事都做两次;并测量第一次(包括初始化所有内容)和第二次(所有内容都已初始化)之间的差异,以确定初始化协处理器需要多长时间。第二次测量(减去执行功能的时间)将告诉您数据传输花费了多长时间。

于 2017-12-01T06:48:57.237 回答