使用 Delphi,我如何访问等效于 .NET 的 System.Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData 变量(适用于任何版本的 Windows)?我以为我可以这样做:
dir := GetEnvironmentVariable('LOCALAPPDATA');
这适用于 Vista,但 XP 似乎并没有默认设置该环境变量,至少在我的测试机器上是这样。
使用 Delphi,我如何访问等效于 .NET 的 System.Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData 变量(适用于任何版本的 Windows)?我以为我可以这样做:
dir := GetEnvironmentVariable('LOCALAPPDATA');
这适用于 Vista,但 XP 似乎并没有默认设置该环境变量,至少在我的测试机器上是这样。
在 Delphi 中,特殊的系统文件夹路径常量在 ShlObj.DCU 中定义,并以 CSIDL_ 后跟符号名称的形式引用。例子:
这是一个快速函数,当给定符号名称时,它将返回适当的特殊文件夹路径。确保在 USES 语句中包含 SHLOBJ.DCU 单元,并使用以下内容:
function GetSpecialFolderPath(Folder: Integer; CanCreate: Boolean): string;
// Gets path of special system folders
//
// Call this routine as follows:
// GetSpecialFolderPath (CSIDL_PERSONAL, false)
// returns folder as result
//
var
FilePath: array [0..255] of char;
begin
SHGetSpecialFolderPath(0, @FilePath[0], FOLDER, CanCreate);
Result := FilePath;
end;
==================================================== ===============
作为参考,常量如下:
CSIDL_DESKTOP = $0000; { <desktop> }
CSIDL_INTERNET = $0001; { Internet Explorer (icon on desktop) }
CSIDL_PROGRAMS = $0002; { Start Menu\Programs }
CSIDL_CONTROLS = $0003; { My Computer\Control Panel }
CSIDL_PRINTERS = $0004; { My Computer\Printers }
CSIDL_PERSONAL = $0005; { My Documents. This is equivalent to CSIDL_MYDOCUMENTS in XP and above }
CSIDL_FAVORITES = $0006; { <user name>\Favorites }
CSIDL_STARTUP = $0007; { Start Menu\Programs\Startup }
CSIDL_RECENT = $0008; { <user name>\Recent }
CSIDL_SENDTO = $0009; { <user name>\SendTo }
CSIDL_BITBUCKET = $000a; { <desktop>\Recycle Bin }
CSIDL_STARTMENU = $000b; { <user name>\Start Menu }
CSIDL_MYDOCUMENTS = $000c; { logical "My Documents" desktop icon }
CSIDL_MYMUSIC = $000d; { "My Music" folder }
CSIDL_MYVIDEO = $000e; { "My Video" folder }
CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY = $0010; { <user name>\Desktop }
CSIDL_DRIVES = $0011; { My Computer }
CSIDL_NETWORK = $0012; { Network Neighborhood (My Network Places) }
CSIDL_NETHOOD = $0013; { <user name>\nethood }
CSIDL_FONTS = $0014; { windows\fonts }
CSIDL_TEMPLATES = $0015;
CSIDL_COMMON_STARTMENU = $0016; { All Users\Start Menu }
CSIDL_COMMON_PROGRAMS = $0017; { All Users\Start Menu\Programs }
CSIDL_COMMON_STARTUP = $0018; { All Users\Startup }
CSIDL_COMMON_DESKTOPDIRECTORY = $0019; { All Users\Desktop }
CSIDL_APPDATA = $001a; { <user name>\Application Data }
CSIDL_PRINTHOOD = $001b; { <user name>\PrintHood }
CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA = $001c; { <user name>\Local Settings\Application Data (non roaming) }
CSIDL_ALTSTARTUP = $001d; { non localized startup }
CSIDL_COMMON_ALTSTARTUP = $001e; { non localized common startup }
CSIDL_COMMON_FAVORITES = $001f;
CSIDL_INTERNET_CACHE = $0020;
CSIDL_COOKIES = $0021;
CSIDL_HISTORY = $0022;
CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA = $0023; { All Users\Application Data }
CSIDL_WINDOWS = $0024; { GetWindowsDirectory() }
CSIDL_SYSTEM = $0025; { GetSystemDirectory() }
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES = $0026; { C:\Program Files }
CSIDL_MYPICTURES = $0027; { C:\Program Files\My Pictures }
CSIDL_PROFILE = $0028; { USERPROFILE }
CSIDL_SYSTEMX86 = $0029; { x86 system directory on RISC }
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILESX86 = $002a; { x86 C:\Program Files on RISC }
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMON = $002b; { C:\Program Files\Common }
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMONX86 = $002c; { x86 C:\Program Files\Common on RISC }
CSIDL_COMMON_TEMPLATES = $002d; { All Users\Templates }
CSIDL_COMMON_DOCUMENTS = $002e; { All Users\Documents }
CSIDL_COMMON_ADMINTOOLS = $002f; { All Users\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools }
CSIDL_ADMINTOOLS = $0030; { <user name>\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools }
CSIDL_CONNECTIONS = $0031; { Network and Dial-up Connections }
CSIDL_COMMON_MUSIC = $0035; { All Users\My Music }
CSIDL_COMMON_PICTURES = $0036; { All Users\My Pictures }
CSIDL_COMMON_VIDEO = $0037; { All Users\My Video }
CSIDL_RESOURCES = $0038; { Resource Directory }
CSIDL_RESOURCES_LOCALIZED = $0039; { Localized Resource Directory }
CSIDL_COMMON_OEM_LINKS = $003a; { Links to All Users OEM specific apps }
CSIDL_CDBURN_AREA = $003b; { USERPROFILE\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\CD Burning }
CSIDL_COMPUTERSNEARME = $003d; { Computers Near Me (computered from Workgroup membership) }
CSIDL_PROFILES = $003e;
见这篇文章。
编辑:
正如 stukelly 在评论中所添加的,有更多关于 SHGetFolderPath() 功能的信息。Delphi VCL 确实应该具有获取标准路径的功能,如果 Embarcadero 确实要在另一个操作系统上拥有另一个类似 Delphi 的工具,这将更加重要。有关系统标准路径的多平台实现,另请参阅wxWidgets中的 wxStandardPaths 文档。在 MSW 上,这使用各种CSIDL_XXX常量。
假设您可以从 Delphi 进行 WinAPI 调用(您可以使用 ISTR),那么您过去可以通过 API 调用(例如 GetSystemFolder 或 GetUserDataFolder)来做到这一点。自从我不得不这样做已经有一段时间了,但我认为您现在可以通过传入 CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA来使用SHGetFolderPath来做到这一点。