11

当应用程序将其输出通过管道传输到另一个程序并且另一个程序在应用程序完成之前终止或关闭管道时,.NETConsole类及其默认TextWriter实现(可Console.Out在 eg 中隐含地使用Console.WriteLine())不会发出任何错误信号。这意味着应用程序可能会运行比必要的更长的时间,将输出写入黑洞。

如何检测重定向管道另一端的关闭?

更详细的解释如下:

下面是一对演示该问题的示例程序。Produce相当慢地打印大量整数,以模拟计算的效果:

using System;
class Produce
{
    static void Main()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
        {
            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100); // added for effect
            Console.WriteLine(i);
        }
    }
}

Consume只读取前 10 行输入然后退出:

using System;
class Consume
{
    static void Main()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
            Console.ReadLine();
    }
}

如果这两个程序被编译,并且第一个的输出通过管道传输到第二个,如下所示:

Produce | Consume

...可以观察到,在终止Produce后很长时间仍会继续运行。Consume

实际上,我的Consume程序是 Unix 风格head的,我的Produce程序打印的数据计算成本很高。我想在管道的另一端关闭连接时终止输出。

我怎样才能在.NET 中做到这一点?

(我知道一个明显的替代方法是传递一个命令行参数来限制输出,这确实是我目前正在做的事情,但我仍然想知道如何做到这一点,因为我希望能够做出更多关于何时终止读取的可配置判断;例如管道通过grepbefore head。)

更新:看起来很可怕System.IO.__ConsoleStream,.NET 中的实现被硬编码以忽略错误 0x6D ( ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE) 和 0xE8 ( ERROR_NO_DATA)。这可能意味着我需要重新实现控制台流。叹...)

4

2 回答 2

7

为了解决这个问题,我必须在 Win32 文件句柄上编写自己的基本流实现。这并不是很困难,因为我不需要实现异步支持、缓冲或搜索。

不幸的是,需要使用不安全的代码,但这对于将在本地运行并完全信任的控制台应用程序通常不是问题。

这是核心流:

class HandleStream : Stream
{
    SafeHandle _handle;
    FileAccess _access;
    bool _eof;

    public HandleStream(SafeHandle handle, FileAccess access)
    {
        _handle = handle;
        _access = access;
    }

    public override bool CanRead
    {
        get { return (_access & FileAccess.Read) != 0; }
    }

    public override bool CanSeek
    {
        get { return false; }
    }

    public override bool CanWrite
    {
        get { return (_access & FileAccess.Write) != 0; }
    }

    public override void Flush()
    {
        // use external buffering if you need it.
    }

    public override long Length
    {
        get { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
    }

    public override long Position
    {
        get { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
        set { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
    }

    static void CheckRange(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
    {
        if (offset < 0 || count < 0 || (offset + count) < 0
            || (offset + count) > buffer.Length)
            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
    }

    public bool EndOfStream
    {
        get { return _eof; }
    }

    public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
    {
        CheckRange(buffer, offset, count);
        int result = ReadFileNative(_handle, buffer, offset, count);
        _eof |= result == 0;
        return result;
    }

    public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
    {
        int notUsed;
        Write(buffer, offset, count, out notUsed);
    }

    public void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count, out int written)
    {
        CheckRange(buffer, offset, count);
        int result = WriteFileNative(_handle, buffer, offset, count);
        _eof |= result == 0;
        written = result;
    }

    public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin)
    {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    public override void SetLength(long value)
    {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
    [DllImport("kernel32", SetLastError=true)]
    static extern unsafe bool ReadFile(
        SafeHandle hFile, byte* lpBuffer, int nNumberOfBytesToRead,
        out int lpNumberOfBytesRead, IntPtr lpOverlapped);

    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
    static extern unsafe bool WriteFile(
        SafeHandle hFile, byte* lpBuffer, int nNumberOfBytesToWrite, 
        out int lpNumberOfBytesWritten, IntPtr lpOverlapped);

    unsafe static int WriteFileNative(SafeHandle hFile, byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
    {
        if (buffer.Length == 0)
            return 0;

        fixed (byte* bufAddr = &buffer[0])
        {
            int result;
            if (!WriteFile(hFile, bufAddr + offset, count, out result, IntPtr.Zero))
            {
                // Using Win32Exception just to get message resource from OS.
                Win32Exception ex = new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
                int hr = ex.NativeErrorCode | unchecked((int) 0x80000000);
                throw new IOException(ex.Message, hr);
            }

            return result;
        }
    }

    unsafe static int ReadFileNative(SafeHandle hFile, byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
    {
        if (buffer.Length == 0)
            return 0;

        fixed (byte* bufAddr = &buffer[0])
        {
            int result;
            if (!ReadFile(hFile, bufAddr + offset, count, out result, IntPtr.Zero))
            {
                Win32Exception ex = new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
                int hr = ex.NativeErrorCode | unchecked((int) 0x80000000);
                throw new IOException(ex.Message, hr);
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
}

BufferedStream如果需要,可以围绕它进行缓冲,但对于控制台输出,TextWriter无论如何都会进行字符级缓冲,并且只刷新换行符。

流滥用Win32Exception以提取错误消息,而不是调用FormatMessage自身。

基于这个流,我能够为控制台 I/O 编写一个简单的包装器:

static class ConsoleStreams
{
    enum StdHandle
    {
        Input = -10,
        Output = -11,
        Error = -12,
    }

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle);  

    static SafeHandle GetStdHandle(StdHandle h)
    {
        return new SafeFileHandle(GetStdHandle((int) h), true);
    }

    public static HandleStream OpenStandardInput()
    {
        return new HandleStream(GetStdHandle(StdHandle.Input), FileAccess.Read);
    }

    public static HandleStream OpenStandardOutput()
    {
        return new HandleStream(GetStdHandle(StdHandle.Output), FileAccess.Write);
    }

    public static HandleStream OpenStandardError()
    {
        return new HandleStream(GetStdHandle(StdHandle.Error), FileAccess.Write);
    }

    static TextReader _in;
    static StreamWriter _out;
    static StreamWriter _error;

    public static TextWriter Out
    {
        get
        {
            if (_out == null)
            {
                _out = new StreamWriter(OpenStandardOutput());
                _out.AutoFlush = true;
            }
            return _out;
        }
    }

    public static TextWriter Error
    {
        get
        {
            if (_error == null)
            {
                _error = new StreamWriter(OpenStandardError());
                _error.AutoFlush = true;
            }
            return _error;
        }
    }

    public static TextReader In
    {
        get
        {
            if (_in == null)
                _in = new StreamReader(OpenStandardInput());
            return _in;
        }
    }
}

最终结果是在管道的另一端终止连接后写入控制台输出会导致消息出现一个很好的异常:

管道正在关闭

通过捕捉并忽略IOException最外层的,看起来我很高兴。

于 2009-01-23T15:24:40.453 回答
1

我同意,如果不报告 ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE 和 ERROR_NO_DATA 错误,__ConsoleStream 对您毫无用处。我很好奇他们为什么选择将其排除在外。

对于那些想要跟进的人,请查看以下链接以获取相当古老但仍然相关的 __ConsoleStream 列表...

http://www.123aspx.com/Rotor/RotorSrc.aspx?rot=42958

于 2009-01-22T18:43:56.930 回答