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我正在尝试按照 Microsoft 文档Code Generation in a Build Process中的说明在我们的构建服务器上重建 T4 模板。当我构建时，模板生成失败并出现错误（完整的 MSBuild 输出在此问题后面）：

错误 MSB4018：“TransformTemplates”任务意外失败。

错误 MSB4018：System.IO.FileNotFoundException：无法加载文件或程序集 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0，Version=14.0.0.0，Culture=neutral，PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a' 或其依赖项之一。该系统找不到指定的文件。

我创建了一个重现问题的最小项目。脚本 build.cmd只是执行 MSBuild。当我从我的工作站运行build.cmd时，构建成功。它仅在构建服务器上失败。

我尝试过的事情：

  • 按照代码生成文档的规定，将 MSBuild 和 Visual Studio 程序集复制到生成服务器。

  • 将 Visual Studio 程序集添加到 GAC。

  • 将VSSDK140Install环境变量设置为“C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VSSDK\”（因为这是在我的工作站上设置的）。

  • 设置HKLM\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\VisualStudio\14.0!InstallDir为 C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\IDE\

我试图避免安装 Visual Studio 2015，因为这是添加到我们的构建服务器的一个非常大的依赖项，并且 Microsoft 文档明确表示这应该是可能的。

将程序集复制到 C:\Program Files (x86)

我已按照代码生成文档中的说明将以下文件复制到构建服务器（这些文件都在Program Files (x86)文件夹中，因为它们在我的机器上）：

  • $(ProgramFiles)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v*.0\TextTemplating
    • Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.Sdk.Host.14.0.dll
    • Microsoft.TextTemplating.Build.Tasks.dll
    • Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets
  • $(ProgramFiles)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VSSDK\VisualStudioIntegration\Common\Assemblies\v4.0
    • Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.dll
    • Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.Interfaces.14.0.dll（几个文件）
    • Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.VSHost.14.0.dll
  • $(ProgramFiles)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\IDE\PublicAssemblies\
    • Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.Modeling.14.0.dll

添加到 GAC

我看到它尝试加载失败 Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.dll，并且由于该程序集位于我工作站上的 GAC 中，我猜这可能是必需的，所以我尝试使用 GAC Manager添加 Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.dll到 GAC，但错误是相同的。

完整的 MSBuild 输出

当我运行时build.cmd，我得到以下输出：

D:\TTTest>"C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Bin\MSBuild.exe" ClassLibrary1.sln /t:Rebuild
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 14.0.25420.1
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build, please add the "/m" switch.
Build started 10/20/2017 11:05:16 AM.
Project "D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1.sln" on node 1 (Rebuild target(s)).
ValidateSolutionConfiguration:
  Building solution configuration "Debug|Any CPU".
Project "D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1.sln" (1) is building "D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj" (2) on node 1 (Rebuild target(s)).
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: The "TransformTemplates" task failed unexpectedly. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0, Version=14.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: File name: 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0, Version=14.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a' [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018:    at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.Sdk.Host.GenericTextTemplatingHost..ctor(IServiceProvider serviceProvider) [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018:    at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.Build.Tasks.TransformTemplatesBase.GetConfiguredTextTemplatingHost() [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018:    at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.Build.Tasks.TransformTemplatesBase.Execute() [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018:    at Microsoft.Build.BackEnd.TaskExecutionHost.Microsoft.Build.BackEnd.ITaskExecutionHost.Execute() [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018:    at Microsoft.Build.BackEnd.TaskBuilder.<ExecuteInstantiatedTask>d__26.MoveNext() [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018:  [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: === Pre-bind state information === [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: DisplayName = Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0, Version=14.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018:  (Fully-specified) [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/MSBuild/14.0/Bin/ [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Initial PrivatePath = NULL [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: Calling assembly : Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.Sdk.Host.14.0, Version=14.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: === [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: This bind starts in LoadFrom load context. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: WRN: Native image will not be probed in LoadFrom context. Native image will only be probed in default load context, like with Assembly.Load(). [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Using application configuration file: C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Bin\MSBuild.exe.Config [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Using host configuration file:  [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Using machine configuration file from C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Post-policy reference: Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0, Version=14.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/MSBuild/14.0/Bin/Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.DLL. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/MSBuild/14.0/Bin/Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0/Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.DLL. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/MSBuild/14.0/Bin/Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.EXE. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/MSBuild/14.0/Bin/Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0/Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.EXE. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/MSBuild/Microsoft/VisualStudio/v14.0/TextTemplating/Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.DLL. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/MSBuild/Microsoft/VisualStudio/v14.0/TextTemplating/Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0/Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.DLL. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/MSBuild/Microsoft/VisualStudio/v14.0/TextTemplating/Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.EXE. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018: LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Program Files (x86)/MSBuild/Microsoft/VisualStudio/v14.0/TextTemplating/Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0/Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.EXE. [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating\Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets(396,5): error MSB4018:  [D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj]
Done Building Project "D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.csproj" (Rebuild target(s)) -- FAILED.

Done Building Project "D:\TTTest\ClassLibrary1.sln" (Rebuild target(s)) -- FAILED.


Build FAILED.
4

2 回答 2

1

当我查看文件Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets时，发现它使用注册表项来查找包含以下内容的文件夹dlls：

 <PropertyGroup Condition=" $(IncludeDslT4Settings)=='true' ">
<!-- Path to VS\Common7\IDE -->
<!-- Check the 32bit location first ; if that is empty, use the 64bit location. -->
<VsIdePath>$(Registry:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\14.0@InstallDir)</VsIdePath>
<VsIdePath Condition=" $(VsIdePath) == ''" >$(Registry:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\VisualStudio\14.0@InstallDir)</VsIdePath>

<!-- Set the default location for the Dsl Designer install. -->
<DslDesignerInstallPath Condition=" $(DslDesignerInstallPath)=='' ">$(VsIdePath)Extensions\Microsoft\DSL SDK\Dsl Designer\$(VisualStudioVersion)\</DslDesignerInstallPath>

<!-- Add the standard DSL templates folder -->
<IncludeFolders>$(IncludeFolders);$(DslDesignerInstallPath)TextTemplates\</IncludeFolders>

所以我必须在构建服务器上安装 Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 SDK 和 Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Visualization & Modeling SDK 以注册 DLL。

但是，从 Visual Studio 2015 开始，您无需从下载中心安装 Visual Studio SDK。它作为可选功能包含在 Visual Studio 设置中。因此，如果不安装 Visual Studio，我们就无法安装 Visual Studio SDK。有关详细信息，请参阅Visual Studio SDK。

此外，Daniel 有一篇关于如何在不安装 Visual Studio SDK 的情况下在构建时转换 T4 模板的博客，您可以检查是否有帮助。

于 2017-10-23T07:24:11.280 回答
0

问题似乎是 .NET 找不到程序集Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.dll。

因此，我没有在 Visual Studio 安装它们时将所有内容保存在单独的文件夹中，而是使用了以下文件：

  • C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating
    • Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.Sdk.Host.14.0.dll
    • Microsoft.TextTemplating.Build.Tasks.dll
    • Microsoft.TextTemplating.targets
  • C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VSSDK\VisualStudioIntegration\Common\Assemblies\v4.0
    • Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.14.0.dll
    • Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.Interfaces.14.0.dll（几个文件）
    • Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.VSHost.14.0.dll
  • C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\IDE\PublicAssemblies\
    • Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.Modeling.14.0.dll

并将它们全部复制到 MSBuild 任务目录中：

  • C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\TextTemplating

完成此操作后，.NET 能够找到它需要的程序集并转换模板。

于 2017-11-07T18:32:39.447 回答