2

当我的 dash 应用程序启动时,一个全局变量由一个计算量大的函数创建(dat)。我希望 dat 定期更新,但不是通过任何用户操作。我知道由于共享内存的方式,普通的 python 全局变量不适合在 dash 中使用,所以我使用隐藏的 div 来存储定期更新的数据。

我不希望在每个用户启动应用程序时更新数据,而是希望在后台进行更新,最好使用更新后的数据更新所有用户应用程序。如果必须使用页面刷新来更新应用程序,那也没关系,但更新后的数据将可供所有用户使用。

我在下面包含了一个示例,它执行我想要执行的任务,问题是如果它是字符串或 numpy 数组,将数据存储在 div 中很好,但如果数据结构更复杂,例如 pandas 数据框(查看注释的代码行)或熊猫数据框字典,然后应用程序将运行,但页面不会在浏览器中加载(错误加载布局)。也许记忆是解决方案,尽管我看到的所有例子似乎都与这个有细微的不同,以至于我看不出它是如何使用的。对我来说,使用隐藏的 div 似乎有点小技巧,但情节帮助页面推荐使用

所以我的问题是如何使用比字符串或数组更复杂的数据结构在破折号中创建和更新全局变量?

import dash
from dash.dependencies import Input, Output, Event
import dash_html_components as html
import dash_core_components as dcc
from datetime import datetime
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd


app = dash.Dash(__name__)

def compute_expensive_data():
    t=datetime.now()
    dat = np.array([t.minute, t.second])
    #d = {'time' : pd.Series(np.array([t.minute, t.second]), index=['minute', 'second'])}
    #dat = pd.DataFrame(d)

    return  dat

dat = compute_expensive_data()
print(dat)

app.layout = html.Div([
        html.H3('Original Time: Minute = ' + str(dat[0]) + ': Second = ' + str(dat[1])),
        #html.H3('Original Time: Minute = ' + str(dat['time']['minute']) + ': Second = ' + str(dat['time']['second'])),
        html.Div(id='title-line-children'),
        dcc.RadioItems(
            id='time-dropdown',
            options=[
                {'label': 'Minute', 'value': 'minute'}, {'label': 'Second', 'value': 'second'},
            ],
            value='minute'
        ), 

        # Hidden div inside the app that stores the intermediate value
        html.Div(id='intermediate-value', style={'display': 'none'}, children = dat),

        dcc.Interval(
            id='interval-component',
            interval=20*1000 # 20 seconds in milliseconds
        )

    ])

@app.callback(
    Output('title-line-children', 'children'),
    [Input('time-dropdown', 'value'), Input('intermediate-value', 'children')])
def render(value,dat1):
    if value == 'minute':
        printStr = str(dat1[0])
        #printStr = str(dat1['time']['minute'])
        outStr = 'Minute = ' + printStr
    elif value == 'second':
        printStr = str(dat1[1])
        #printStr = str(dat1['time']['second'])
        outStr = 'Second = ' + str(dat1[1])

    return outStr

@app.callback(Output('intermediate-value', 'children'),
              events=[Event('interval-component', 'interval')])
def update_global_var():
    return compute_expensive_data()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run_server(debug=True)
4

2 回答 2

3

好的,所以答案很简单。我只需要 jsonify 我的数据框。那么它基本上只是一个可以保存在隐藏div中的字符串。

import dash
from dash.dependencies import Input, Output, Event
import dash_html_components as html
import dash_core_components as dcc
from datetime import datetime
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd


app = dash.Dash(__name__)

def compute_expensive_data():
    t=datetime.now()
    d = {'time' : pd.Series(np.array([t.minute, t.second]), index=['minute', 'second'])}
    dat = pd.DataFrame(d).to_json()

    return  dat

dat = compute_expensive_data()
print(dat)

app.layout = html.Div([
        html.H3('Original Time: Minute = ' + str(pd.read_json(dat)['time']['minute']) + ': Second = ' + str(pd.read_json(dat)['time']['second'])),
        html.Div(id='title-line-children'),
        dcc.RadioItems(
            id='time-dropdown',
            options=[
                {'label': 'Minute', 'value': 'minute'}, {'label': 'Second', 'value': 'second'},
            ],
            value='minute'
        ), 

        # Hidden div inside the app that stores the intermediate value
        html.Div(id='intermediate-value', style={'display': 'none'}, children = dat),

        dcc.Interval(
            id='interval-component',
            interval=20*1000 # 20 seconds in milliseconds
        )

    ])

@app.callback(
    Output('title-line-children', 'children'),
    [Input('time-dropdown', 'value'), Input('intermediate-value', 'children')])
def render(value,dat1):
    if value == 'minute':
        printStr = str(pd.read_json(dat1)['time']['minute'])
        outStr = 'Minute = ' + printStr
    elif value == 'second':
        printStr = str(pd.read_json(dat1)['time']['second'])
        outStr = 'Second = ' + printStr

    return outStr

@app.callback(Output('intermediate-value', 'children'),
              events=[Event('interval-component', 'interval')])
def update_global_var():
    return compute_expensive_data()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run_server(debug=True)
于 2017-10-28T19:32:48.720 回答
0

答案更新到 Dash 1.8:

import dash
from dash.dependencies import Input, Output
import dash_html_components as html
import dash_core_components as dcc
from datetime import datetime
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

app = dash.Dash(__name__)

def compute_expensive_data():
    t=datetime.now()
    d = {'time' : pd.Series(np.array([t.minute, t.second]), index=['minute', 'second'])}
    dat = pd.DataFrame(d).to_json()
    return  dat

dat = compute_expensive_data()
print(dat)

app.layout = html.Div([
        html.H3('Original Time: Minute = ' + str(pd.read_json(dat)['time']['minute']) + ': Second = ' + str(pd.read_json(dat)['time']['second'])),
        html.Div(id='title-line-children'),
        dcc.RadioItems(
            id='time-dropdown',
            options=[
                {'label': 'Minute', 'value': 'minute'}, {'label': 'Second', 'value': 'second'},
            ],
            value='minute'
        ), 
        # Hidden div inside the app that stores the intermediate value
        html.Div(id='intermediate-value', style={'display': 'none'}, children = dat),
        dcc.Interval(
            id='interval-component',
            interval=2*1000, # 20 seconds in milliseconds
            n_intervals=0
        )
    ])

@app.callback(
    Output('title-line-children', 'children'),
    [Input('time-dropdown', 'value'), Input('intermediate-value', 'children')])
def render(value,dat1):
    if value == 'minute':
        printStr = str(pd.read_json(dat1)['time']['minute'])
        outStr = 'Minute = ' + printStr
    elif value == 'second':
        printStr = str(pd.read_json(dat1)['time']['second'])
        outStr = 'Second = ' + printStr
    return outStr

@app.callback(Output('intermediate-value', 'children'),
              [Input('interval-component', 'n_intervals')])
def update_global_var(n):
    return compute_expensive_data()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run_server(debug=False)
于 2020-02-13T03:32:17.717 回答