我建议您谨慎使用Codable
. 如果您只想从 JSON 解码一个类型而不对其进行编码,那么Decodable
单独符合它就足够了。而且由于您已经发现需要手动解码(通过自定义实现init(from decoder: Decoder)
),问题就变成了:最不痛苦的方法是什么?
首先,数据模型。请注意,ViewLayoutSectionItemable
它的采用者不符合Decodable
:
enum ItemType: String, Decodable {
case foo
case bar
}
protocol ViewLayoutSectionItemable {
var id: Int { get }
var itemType: ItemType { get }
var title: String { get set }
var imageURL: URL { get set }
}
struct Foo: ViewLayoutSectionItemable {
let id: Int
let itemType: ItemType
var title: String
var imageURL: URL
// Custom properties of Foo
var audioURL: URL
}
struct Bar: ViewLayoutSectionItemable {
let id: Int
let itemType: ItemType
var title: String
var imageURL: URL
// Custom properties of Bar
var videoURL: URL
var director: String
}
接下来,我们将如何解码 JSON:
struct Sections: Decodable {
var sections: [ViewLayoutSection]
}
struct ViewLayoutSection: Decodable {
var title: String = ""
var sectionLayoutType: String
var sectionItems: [ViewLayoutSectionItemable] = []
// This struct use snake_case to match the JSON so we don't have to provide a custom
// CodingKeys enum. And since it's private, outside code will never see it
private struct GenericItem: Decodable {
let id: Int
let item_type: ItemType
var title: String
var feature_image_url: URL
// Custom properties of all possible types. Note that they are all optionals
var audio_url: URL?
var video_url: URL?
var director: String?
}
private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
case title
case sectionLayoutType = "section_layout_type"
case sectionItems = "section_items"
}
public init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
title = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .title)
sectionLayoutType = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .sectionLayoutType)
sectionItems = try container.decode([GenericItem].self, forKey: .sectionItems).map { item in
switch item.item_type {
case .foo:
// It's OK to force unwrap here because we already
// know what type the item object is
return Foo(id: item.id, itemType: item.item_type, title: item.title, imageURL: item.feature_image_url, audioURL: item.audio_url!)
case .bar:
return Bar(id: item.id, itemType: item.item_type, title: item.title, imageURL: item.feature_image_url, videoURL: item.video_url!, director: item.director!)
}
}
}
用法:
let sections = try JSONDecoder().decode(Sections.self, from: json).sections