我正在使用Dell带有i3处理器和Intel5500 系列显卡的笔记本电脑。
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$ lspci | grep -i --color 'vga\|3d\|2d'
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 5500 (rev 09)
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$
内核：
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$ uname -r
4.13.4-200.fc26.x86_64
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$
我有最简单的OpenCL程序在Fedora26 上运行。
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$ cat /etc/fedora-release
Fedora release 26 (Twenty Six)
我Linux从Intel.
#include <iostream>
//#define __NO_STD_VECTOR // Use cl::vector instead of STL version
#define __CL_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS
#ifdef __APPLE__
//#include <OpenCL/opencl.h>
#include <OpenCL/cl.hpp> /* read cpp_wrapper_fix.txt */
#else
#include <CL/cl.hpp>
#endif
int main(int, char**)
{
std::vector<cl::Platform> platforms;
cl::Platform::get(&platforms);
}
Makefile非常简单：
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$ more Makefile
UNAME_S := $(shell uname -s)
# -std=c++11 -Wall -march=native
ifeq ($(UNAME_S),Linux)
CXX=g++
CPPFLAGS=-O3
LDFLAGS=-O3
LDLIBS=-lOpenCL
endif
ifeq ($(UNAME_S),Darwin)
CXX=clang++
CPPFLAGS=-O3
LDFLAGS=-O3
LDLIBS=-framework OpenCL
endif
RM=rm -f
SRCS=device_query.cpp
OBJS=device_query.o
EXEC=device_query
all: $(OBJS)
$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(EXEC) $(OBJS) $(LDLIBS)
%.o: %.cpp
$(CXX) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $<
clean:
$(RM) $(OBJS) $(EXEC)
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$
当我运行它时，它显示：
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$ ./device_query
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
我不确定为什么会失败。
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$ ls -l /dev/dri/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 80 Oct 5 11:10 by-path
crw-rw----+ 1 root video 226, 0 Oct 5 11:10 card0
crw-rw----+ 1 root video 226, 128 Oct 5 11:10 renderD128
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$
这是的输出clinfo
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$ sudo clinfo
[sudo] password for idf:
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
Number of platforms 4
Platform Name Portable Computing Language
Platform Vendor The pocl project
Platform Version OpenCL 2.0 pocl 0.14, LLVM 4.0.0
Platform Profile FULL_PROFILE
Platform Extensions cl_khr_icd
Platform Extensions function suffix POCL
Platform Name Experimental OpenCL 2.1 CPU Only Platform
Platform Vendor Intel(R) Corporation
Platform Version OpenCL 2.1 LINUX
Platform Profile FULL_PROFILE
Platform Extensions cl_khr_icd cl_khr_global_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_global_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_depth_images cl_khr_3d_image_writes cl_intel_exec_by_local_thread cl_khr_spir cl_khr_fp64 cl_khr_image2d_from_buffer
Platform Host timer resolution 1ns
Platform Extensions function suffix INTEL
Platform Name Intel Gen OCL Driver
Platform Vendor Intel
Platform Version OpenCL 2.0 beignet 1.4
Platform Profile FULL_PROFILE
Platform Extensions cl_khr_global_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_global_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_3d_image_writes cl_khr_image2d_from_buffer cl_khr_depth_images cl_khr_spir cl_khr_icd cl_intel_accelerator cl_intel_subgroups cl_intel_subgroups_short cl_intel_media_block_io cl_intel_planar_yuv cl_khr_gl_sharing
Platform Extensions function suffix Intel
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
Platform Name Clover
Platform Vendor Mesa
Platform Version OpenCL 1.1 Mesa 17.1.7
Platform Profile FULL_PROFILE
Platform Extensions cl_khr_icd
Platform Extensions function suffix MESA
Platform Name Portable Computing Language
Number of devices 1
Device Name pthread-Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-5005U CPU @ 2.00GHz
Device Vendor GenuineIntel
Device Vendor ID 0x8086
Device Version OpenCL 2.0 pocl HSTR: pthread-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-haswell
Driver Version 0.14
Device OpenCL C Version OpenCL C 2.0
Device Type CPU, Default
Device Available Yes
Device Profile FULL_PROFILE
Max compute units 4
Max clock frequency 2000MHz
Device Partition (core)
Max number of sub-devices 4
Supported partition types equally, by counts
Max work item dimensions 3
Max work item sizes 4096x4096x4096
Max work group size 4096
Compiler Available Yes
Linker Available Yes
Preferred work group size multiple 8
Preferred / native vector sizes
char 16 / 16
short 8 / 8
int 4 / 4
long 2 / 2
half 8 / 8 (n/a)
float 4 / 4
double 2 / 2 (cl_khr_fp64)
Half-precision Floating-point support (n/a)
Single-precision Floating-point support (core)
Denormals No
Infinity and NANs Yes
Round to nearest Yes
Round to zero No
Round to infinity No
IEEE754-2008 fused multiply-add No
Support is emulated in software No
Correctly-rounded divide and sqrt operations No
Double-precision Floating-point support (cl_khr_fp64)
Denormals No
Infinity and NANs Yes
Round to nearest Yes
Round to zero No
Round to infinity No
IEEE754-2008 fused multiply-add No
Support is emulated in software No
Correctly-rounded divide and sqrt operations No
Address bits 64, Little-Endian
Global memory size 18879172608 (17.58GiB)
Error Correction support No
Max memory allocation 18879172608 (17.58GiB)
Unified memory for Host and Device Yes
Shared Virtual Memory (SVM) capabilities (core)
Coarse-grained buffer sharing Yes
Fine-grained buffer sharing Yes
Fine-grained system sharing No
Atomics Yes
Minimum alignment for any data type 128 bytes
Alignment of base address 1024 bits (128 bytes)
Preferred alignment for atomics
SVM 0 bytes
Global 0 bytes
Local 0 bytes
Max size for global variable 0
Preferred total size of global vars 0
Global Memory cache type Read/Write
Global Memory cache size 32768 (32KiB)
Global Memory cache line size 64 bytes
Image support Yes
Max number of samplers per kernel 16
Max size for 1D images from buffer 1179948288 pixels
Max 1D or 2D image array size 2048 images
Max 2D image size 32768x32768 pixels
Max 3D image size 2048x2048x2048 pixels
Max number of read image args 128
Max number of write image args 128
Max number of read/write image args 128
Max number of pipe args 16
Max active pipe reservations 1
Max pipe packet size 1024
Local memory type Global
Local memory size 18879172608 (17.58GiB)
Max constant buffer size 18879172608 (17.58GiB)
Max number of constant args 8
Max size of kernel argument 1024
Queue properties (on host)
Out-of-order execution No
Profiling Yes
Queue properties (on device)
Out-of-order execution Yes
Profiling Yes
Preferred size 16384 (16KiB)
Max size 262144 (256KiB)
Max queues on device 1
Max events on device 1024
Prefer user sync for interop Yes
Profiling timer resolution 1ns
Execution capabilities
Run OpenCL kernels Yes
Run native kernels Yes
SPIR versions 1.2
printf() buffer size 1048576 (1024KiB)
Built-in kernels
Device Extensions cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_global_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_global_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_spir cl_khr_int64 cl_khr_fp64 cl_khr_int64_base_atomics cl_khr_int64_extended_atomics
Platform Name Experimental OpenCL 2.1 CPU Only Platform
Number of devices 1
Device Name Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-5005U CPU @ 2.00GHz
Device Vendor Intel(R) Corporation
Device Vendor ID 0x8086
Device Version OpenCL 2.1 (Build 10)
Driver Version 1.2.0.10
Device OpenCL C Version OpenCL C 2.0
Device Type CPU
Device Available Yes
Device Profile FULL_PROFILE
Max compute units 4
Max clock frequency 2000MHz
Device Partition (core)
Max number of sub-devices 4
Supported partition types by counts, equally, by names (Intel)
Max work item dimensions 3
Max work item sizes 8192x8192x8192
Max work group size 8192
Compiler Available Yes
Linker Available Yes
Preferred work group size multiple 128
Max sub-groups per work group 1
Preferred / native vector sizes
char 1 / 32
short 1 / 16
int 1 / 8
long 1 / 4
half 0 / 0 (n/a)
float 1 / 8
double 1 / 4 (cl_khr_fp64)
Half-precision Floating-point support (n/a)
Single-precision Floating-point support (core)
Denormals Yes
Infinity and NANs Yes
Round to nearest Yes
Round to zero No
Round to infinity No
IEEE754-2008 fused multiply-add No
Support is emulated in software No
Correctly-rounded divide and sqrt operations No
Double-precision Floating-point support (cl_khr_fp64)
Denormals Yes
Infinity and NANs Yes
Round to nearest Yes
Round to zero Yes
Round to infinity Yes
IEEE754-2008 fused multiply-add Yes
Support is emulated in software No
Correctly-rounded divide and sqrt operations No
Address bits 64, Little-Endian
Global memory size 16731688960 (15.58GiB)
Error Correction support No
Max memory allocation 4182922240 (3.896GiB)
Unified memory for Host and Device Yes
Shared Virtual Memory (SVM) capabilities (core)
Coarse-grained buffer sharing Yes
Fine-grained buffer sharing Yes
Fine-grained system sharing Yes
Atomics Yes
Minimum alignment for any data type 128 bytes
Alignment of base address 1024 bits (128 bytes)
Preferred alignment for atomics
SVM 64 bytes
Global 64 bytes
Local 0 bytes
Max size for global variable 65536 (64KiB)
Preferred total size of global vars 65536 (64KiB)
Global Memory cache type Read/Write
Global Memory cache size 262144 (256KiB)
Global Memory cache line size 64 bytes
Image support Yes
Max number of samplers per kernel 480
Max size for 1D images from buffer 261432640 pixels
Max 1D or 2D image array size 2048 images
Base address alignment for 2D image buffers 64 bytes
Pitch alignment for 2D image buffers 64 bytes
Max 2D image size 16384x16384 pixels
Max 3D image size 2048x2048x2048 pixels
Max number of read image args 480
Max number of write image args 480
Max number of read/write image args 480
Max number of pipe args 16
Max active pipe reservations 65535
Max pipe packet size 1024
Local memory type Global
Local memory size 32768 (32KiB)
Max constant buffer size 131072 (128KiB)
Max number of constant args 480
Max size of kernel argument 3840 (3.75KiB)
Queue properties (on host)
Out-of-order execution Yes
Profiling Yes
Local thread execution (Intel) Yes
Queue properties (on device)
Out-of-order execution Yes
Profiling Yes
Preferred size 4294967295 (4GiB)
Max size 4294967295 (4GiB)
Max queues on device 4294967295
Max events on device 4294967295
Prefer user sync for interop No
Profiling timer resolution 1ns
Execution capabilities
Run OpenCL kernels Yes
Run native kernels Yes
Sub-group independent forward progress No
IL version SPIR-V_1.0
SPIR versions 1.2
printf() buffer size 1048576 (1024KiB)
Built-in kernels
Device Extensions cl_khr_icd cl_khr_global_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_global_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_depth_images cl_khr_3d_image_writes cl_intel_exec_by_local_thread cl_khr_spir cl_khr_fp64 cl_khr_image2d_from_buffer
Platform Name Intel Gen OCL Driver
Number of devices 1
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
Device Name Intel(R) HD Graphics 5500 BroadWell U-Processor GT2
Device Vendor Intel
Device Vendor ID 0x8086
Device Version OpenCL 1.2 beignet 1.4
Driver Version 1.4
Device OpenCL C Version OpenCL C 1.2 beignet 1.4
Device Type GPU
Device Available Yes
Device Profile FULL_PROFILE
Max compute units 23
Max clock frequency 1000MHz
Device Partition (core)
Max number of sub-devices 1
Supported partition types None, None, None
Max work item dimensions 3
Max work item sizes 512x512x512
Max work group size 512
Compiler Available Yes
Linker Available Yes
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
Preferred work group size multiple 16
Preferred / native vector sizes
char 16 / 8
short 8 / 8
int 4 / 4
long 2 / 2
half 0 / 8 (cl_khr_fp16)
float 4 / 4
double 0 / 2 (cl_khr_fp64)
Half-precision Floating-point support (cl_khr_fp16)
Denormals No
Infinity and NANs Yes
Round to nearest Yes
Round to zero No
Round to infinity No
IEEE754-2008 fused multiply-add No
Support is emulated in software No
Correctly-rounded divide and sqrt operations No
Single-precision Floating-point support (core)
Denormals No
Infinity and NANs Yes
Round to nearest Yes
Round to zero No
Round to infinity No
IEEE754-2008 fused multiply-add No
Support is emulated in software No
Correctly-rounded divide and sqrt operations No
Double-precision Floating-point support (cl_khr_fp64)
Denormals No
Infinity and NANs No
Round to nearest No
Round to zero No
Round to infinity No
IEEE754-2008 fused multiply-add No
Support is emulated in software No
Correctly-rounded divide and sqrt operations No
Address bits 32, Little-Endian
Global memory size 4294967296 (4GiB)
Error Correction support No
Max memory allocation 2147483648 (2GiB)
Unified memory for Host and Device Yes
Minimum alignment for any data type 128 bytes
Alignment of base address 1024 bits (128 bytes)
Global Memory cache type Read/Write
Global Memory cache size 8192 (8KiB)
Global Memory cache line size 64 bytes
Image support Yes
Max number of samplers per kernel 16
Max size for 1D images from buffer 65536 pixels
Max 1D or 2D image array size 2048 images
Base address alignment for 2D image buffers 4096 bytes
Pitch alignment for 2D image buffers 1 bytes
Max 2D image size 8192x8192 pixels
Max planar YUV image size 8192x8192 pixels
Max 3D image size 8192x8192x2048 pixels
Max number of read image args 128
Max number of write image args 8
Local memory type Local
Local memory size 65536 (64KiB)
Max constant buffer size 134217728 (128MiB)
Max number of constant args 8
Max size of kernel argument 1024
Queue properties
Out-of-order execution No
Profiling Yes
Prefer user sync for interop Yes
Profiling timer resolution 80ns
Execution capabilities
Run OpenCL kernels Yes
Run native kernels Yes
SPIR versions 1.2
printf() buffer size 1048576 (1024KiB)
Built-in kernels __cl_copy_region_align4;__cl_copy_region_align16;__cl_copy_region_unalign_same_offset;__cl_copy_region_unalign_dst_offset;__cl_copy_region_unalign_src_offset;__cl_copy_buffer_rect;__cl_copy_buffer_rect_align4;__cl_copy_image_1d_to_1d;__cl_copy_image_2d_to_2d;__cl_copy_image_3d_to_2d;__cl_copy_image_2d_to_3d;__cl_copy_image_3d_to_3d;__cl_copy_image_2d_to_buffer;__cl_copy_image_2d_to_buffer_align4;__cl_copy_image_2d_to_buffer_align16;__cl_copy_image_3d_to_buffer;__cl_copy_image_3d_to_buffer_align4;__cl_copy_image_3d_to_buffer_align16;__cl_copy_buffer_to_image_2d;__cl_copy_buffer_to_image_2d_align4;__cl_copy_buffer_to_image_2d_align16;__cl_copy_buffer_to_image_3d;__cl_copy_buffer_to_image_3d_align4;__cl_copy_buffer_to_image_3d_align16;__cl_copy_image_1d_array_to_1d_array;__cl_copy_image_2d_array_to_2d_array;__cl_copy_image_2d_array_to_2d;__cl_copy_image_2d_array_to_3d;__cl_copy_image_2d_to_2d_array;__cl_copy_image_3d_to_2d_array;__cl_fill_region_unalign;__cl_fill_region_align2;__cl_fill_region_align4;__cl_fill_region_align8_2;__cl_fill_region_align8_4;__cl_fill_region_align8_8;__cl_fill_region_align8_16;__cl_fill_region_align128;__cl_fill_image_1d;__cl_fill_image_1d_array;__cl_fill_image_2d;__cl_fill_image_2d_array;__cl_fill_image_3d;
Device Extensions cl_khr_global_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_global_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_3d_image_writes cl_khr_image2d_from_buffer cl_khr_depth_images cl_khr_spir cl_khr_icd cl_intel_accelerator cl_intel_subgroups cl_intel_subgroups_short cl_intel_media_block_io cl_intel_planar_yuv cl_khr_gl_sharing cl_khr_fp64 cl_khr_fp16
Platform Name Clover
Number of devices 0
NULL platform behavior
clGetPlatformInfo(NULL, CL_PLATFORM_NAME, ...) No platform
clGetDeviceIDs(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_ALL, ...) No platform
clCreateContext(NULL, ...) [default] No platform
clCreateContext(NULL, ...) [other] Success [POCL]
clCreateContextFromType(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_DEFAULT) No platform
clCreateContextFromType(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU) No platform
clCreateContextFromType(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU) No platform
clCreateContextFromType(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_ACCELERATOR) No platform
clCreateContextFromType(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_CUSTOM) No platform
clCreateContextFromType(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_ALL) No platform
NOTE: your OpenCL library only supports OpenCL 2.0,
but some installed platforms support OpenCL 2.1.
Programs using 2.1 features may crash
or behave unexepectedly
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$ sudo ./device_query
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$
的输出
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$ gcc -v
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.2.1 20170915 (Red Hat 7.2.1-2) (GCC)
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$ ldd ./device_query
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffe77d28000)
libOpenCL.so.1 => /lib64/libOpenCL.so.1 (0x00007f5527874000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f55274eb000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f55271d5000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f5526fbe000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f5526bed000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f55269e9000)
libnuma.so.1 => /lib64/libnuma.so.1 (0x00007f55267de000)
librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00007f55265d6000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f5527a7c000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f55263b7000)
[idf@localhost OpenCLDeviceQuery]$