我正在尝试编写一个使用 WinRT 蓝牙 LE API（Windows.Devices.Bluetooth 命名空间）的 C# 应用程序。该应用程序是 Windows 经典桌面应用程序（WPF，而不是UWP）。在创意者更新之前运行 Windows 10 版本时，这些 API 会按预期运行。但是，在运行 Creators Update 时，应该向蓝牙设备发送数据的 API 不起作用。具体来说，以下方法返回成功状态代码，但不通过蓝牙无线电传输任何数据（使用蓝牙流量嗅探器进行验证）：
- GattCharacteristic.WriteClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorWithResultAsync
- GattCharacteristic.WriteValueAsync
因此，任何为特征注册 ValueChanged 处理程序的尝试都不起作用。由于注册从未发送到蓝牙 LE 设备，因此应用程序不会收到任何通知。
我知道并非所有 UWP API 都可以从非 UWP 应用程序中使用，但我希望有人已经成功开发了这种配置的 BLE 应用程序（或者至少现在可以确认这是不可能的）。在创作者更新之前，我能够从 BLE 设备连接和读取数据以及将数据写入到 BLE 设备，并且只有在这个最新版本的 Windows 10 中才会出现上述问题。（注意：示例代码中使用的 Async API 是在 Creators Update 中添加的。我们的应用程序的早期版本使用的是较旧的 BLE API，但在运行 Creators Update 时它们也不起作用。）
具体来说，我的问题是：鉴于以下项目参考列表和示例代码，我是否可以尝试在运行非 UWP 应用程序的 Creators Update 的 Windows 10 上实现蓝牙 LE 连接？请注意，“将应用程序转换为 UWP 应用程序”的明显答案对我们不起作用，因为我们与其他硬件和文件的交互方式在 UWP 沙箱中是不可能的。
该项目配置了以下参考：
- System.Runtime.WindowsRuntime，位于：C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework.NETCore\v4.5\System.Runtime.WindowsRuntime.dll
- Windows，位于：C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\UnionMetadata\Facade\Windows.WinMD
- Windows.Foundation.FoundationContract，位于：C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\References\10.0.15063.0\Windows.Foundation.FoundationContract\3.0.0.0\Windows.Foundation.FoundationContract.winmd
- Windows.Foundation.UniversalApiContract，位于：C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\References\10.0.15063.0\Windows.Foundation.UniversalApiContract\4.0.0.0\Windows.Foundation.UniversalApiContract.winmd
以下是我的应用程序中蓝牙代码的一个非常精简的版本。请注意，为了清楚起见，已经删除了很多错误处理等，但它应该让我大致了解我正在尝试做的事情：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices.WindowsRuntime;
using Windows.Devices.Bluetooth;
using Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.GenericAttributeProfile;
using Windows.Devices.Enumeration;
using Windows.Foundation;
using Windows.Storage.Streams;
using System.Threading;
namespace BLEMinimumApp
{
class Program
{
private List<string> foundDevices = new List<string>(5);
static void Main(string[] args)
{
new Program().Execute();
}
private void Execute()
{
Console.WriteLine("Starting device watcher...");
string[] requestedProperties = { "System.Devices.Aep.IsConnected" };
String query = "";
//query for Bluetooth LE devices
query += "(System.Devices.Aep.ProtocolId:=\"{bb7bb05e-5972-42b5-94fc-76eaa7084d49}\")";
//query for devices with controllers' name
query += " AND (System.ItemNameDisplay:=\"GPLeft\" OR System.ItemNameDisplay:=\"GPRight\")";
var deviceWatcher = DeviceInformation.CreateWatcher(query, requestedProperties, DeviceInformationKind.AssociationEndpoint);
deviceWatcher.Added += DeviceWatcher_OnAdded;
deviceWatcher.Start();
Console.ReadLine();
}
private async void DeviceWatcher_OnAdded(DeviceWatcher sender, DeviceInformation deviceInfo)
{
lock (foundDevices)
{
if (foundDevices.Contains(deviceInfo.Name))
{
return;
}
foundDevices.Add(deviceInfo.Name);
}
Console.WriteLine($"[{deviceInfo.Name}] DeviceWatcher_OnAdded...");
await ConnectTo(deviceInfo);
}
private async Task ConnectTo(DeviceInformation deviceInfo)
{
try
{
// get the device
BluetoothLEDevice device = await BluetoothLEDevice.FromIdAsync(deviceInfo.Id);
Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Device found: connectionStatus={device?.ConnectionStatus}");
// get the GATT service
Thread.Sleep(150);
Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Get GATT Services");
var gattServicesResult = await device.GetGattServicesForUuidAsync(new Guid("<GUID REMOVED FOR SO POST"));
Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] GATT services result: status={gattServicesResult?.Status}, count={gattServicesResult?.Services?.Count}, cx={device.ConnectionStatus}");
if (gattServicesResult == null
|| gattServicesResult.Status != GattCommunicationStatus.Success
|| gattServicesResult.Services == null
|| gattServicesResult.Services?.Count < 1)
{
Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Failed to find GATT service.");
return;
}
var service = gattServicesResult.Services[0];
Console.WriteLine($"[{device?.Name}] GATT service found: gattDeviceService={service.Uuid}");
// get the GATT characteristic
Thread.Sleep(150);
Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Get GATT characteristics");
var gattCharacteristicsResult = await service.GetCharacteristicsForUuidAsync(new Guid("<GUID REMOVED FOR SO POST>"));
Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] GATT Characteristics result: status={gattCharacteristicsResult?.Status}, count={gattCharacteristicsResult?.Characteristics?.Count}, cx={device.ConnectionStatus}");
if (gattCharacteristicsResult == null
|| gattCharacteristicsResult.Status != GattCommunicationStatus.Success
|| gattCharacteristicsResult.Characteristics == null
|| gattCharacteristicsResult.Characteristics?.Count < 1)
{
Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Failed to find GATT characteristic.");
return;
}
var characteristic = gattCharacteristicsResult.Characteristics[0];
// register for notifications
Thread.Sleep(150);
characteristic.ValueChanged += (sender, args) =>
{
Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Received notification containing {args.CharacteristicValue.Length} bytes");
};
Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Writing CCCD...");
GattWriteResult result =
await characteristic.WriteClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorWithResultAsync(GattClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorValue.Notify);
Console.WriteLine($"[{device?.Name}] Characteristics write result: status={result.Status}, protocolError={result.ProtocolError}");
// send configuration to device
await SendConfiguration(device, characteristic);
}
catch (Exception ex) when((uint) ex.HResult == 0x800710df)
{
Console.WriteLine("bluetooth error 1");
// ERROR_DEVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE because the Bluetooth radio is not on.
}
}
private async Task SendConfiguration(BluetoothLEDevice device, GattCharacteristic characteristic)
{
if (characteristic != null)
{
var writer = new DataWriter();
// CONFIGURATION REMOVED, but this code writes device-specific bytes to the DataWriter
await SendMessage(device, characteristic, writer.DetachBuffer());
}
}
private async Task SendMessage(BluetoothLEDevice device, GattCharacteristic characteristic, IBuffer message)
{
if (characteristic != null && device.ConnectionStatus.Equals(BluetoothConnectionStatus.Connected) && message != null)
{
Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Sending message...");
GattCommunicationStatus result = await characteristic.WriteValueAsync(message);
Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Result: {result}");
}
}
}
}