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我正在追查安装失败。我有一个全新的 ubuntu xenial 安装。我有几个不同的项目，每个项目都涉及需要不同版本的 python 的依赖项，包括一个 gnuradio 项目，它似乎有合理的期望 pip 指向 python2.7。这是我运行的第一部分：

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get -yq upgrade
$ sudo apt-get -yq install python-pip
$ sudo pip install --upgrade pip
$ sudo apt-get install -yq python3-pip
$ sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get -yq upgrade
$ sudo apt-get -yq install python-dev python3-dev
$ sudo apt-get install --fix-missing python-apt
$ sudo pip install numpy scipy matplotlib pybombs virtualenv
$ sudo apt-get -yq install build-essential libffi-dev libssl-dev python3-setuptools
$ sudo pip3 install --upgrade setuptools wheel
$ sudo pip3 install numpy scipy matplotlib virtualenv
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
$ sudo apt-get install python3.6
$ sudo apt-get -yq install python3.6-venv python3.6-dev
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade

到目前为止没有投诉，当我检查 pip 和 pip3 时，它们指向我希望它们指向的位置：

$ pip -V
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)
$ pip3 --version
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (python 3.5)

现在我为python3.6创建了一个虚拟环境，进入它，在那里pip按预期指向python3.6，我安装了几个包，然后退出虚拟环境，突然pip指向python3.5

$ mkdir projvenv
$ python3.6 -m venv /home/username/projvenv/
$ source /home/tom/vertexprojvenv/bin/activate
(projvenv) $ pip -V
pip 9.0.1 from /home/tom/projvenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)
(projvenv) $ pip install numpy scipy matplotlib
(projvenv) $ deactivate
$ pip -V
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (python 3.5)

I have looked at this question which seems to address a purely anaconda issue, while the solution does not apply in my case. This discussion is more to the point, and points to a problem with pip. That particular bug is at least not quite what is going on for me since I am able to upgrade both pip pointing to python2.7 and pip3 pointing to python3.5, and the pip hijacking is not initiated by an upgrade. Any wisdom shed on this problem is much appreciated.

(edit)

$ which pip
/usr/local/bin/pip
$ head -1 `which pip`
#!/usr/bin/python3
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1 回答 1

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Restore shebang line in /usr/local/bin/pip — make it #!/usr/bin/python2.

PS. Well, formally it's not a complete answer because the question is "How to prevent?" I don't know what program changed shebang line; but I doubt it was virtual environment.

于 2017-08-25T06:48:33.870 回答