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我已经成功地使用 Photologue 来展示定期创建的数据图图像的画廊。当然，既然已经建立了能力，正在创建大量的数据图，并且需要共享它们！

manage.py下一步是使用 Django shell 编写上传图像并将其添加到画廊的过程；但是，作为 Django 的业余爱好者，我遇到了一些困难。

addphoto.py这是我目前开发的自定义命令：

from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.utils import timezone
from photologue.models import Photo, Gallery

import os
from datetime import datetime
import pytz

class Command(BaseCommand):

    help = 'Adds a photo to Photologue.'

    def add_arguments(self, parser):
        parser.add_argument('imagefile', type=str)
        parser.add_argument('--title', type=str)
        parser.add_argument('--date_added', type=str, help="datetime string in 'YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS' format [UTC]")
        parser.add_argument('--gallery', type=str)

    def handle(self, *args, **options):

        imagefile = options['imagefile']

        if options['title']:
            title = options['title']
        else:
            base = os.path.basename(imagefile)
            title = os.path.splitext(base)[0]
        if options['date_added']:
            date_added = datetime.strptime(options['date_added'],'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
        else:
            date_added = timezone.now()

        p = Photo(image=imagefile, title=title, date_added=date_added)
        p.save()

不幸的是，当使用 执行时--traceback，它会导致以下结果：

./manage.py addphoto '../dataplots/monitoring/test.png' --traceback
Failed to read EXIF DateTimeOriginal
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 494, in save
    exif_date = self.EXIF(self.image.file).get('EXIF DateTimeOriginal', None)
  File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/files.py", line 51, in _get_file
    self._file = self.storage.open(self.name, 'rb')
  File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 38, in open
    return self._open(name, mode)
  File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 300, in _open
    return File(open(self.path(name), mode))
  File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 405, in path
    return safe_join(self.location, name)
  File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/_os.py", line 78, in safe_join
    'component ({})'.format(final_path, base_path))
django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousFileOperation: The joined path (/home/user/mysite/dataplots/monitoring/test.png) is located outside of the base path component (/home/user/mysite/media)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 363, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 355, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/management/commands/addphoto.py", line 36, in handle
    p.save()
  File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 553, in save
    super(Photo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 504, in save
    self.pre_cache()
  File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 472, in pre_cache
    self.create_size(photosize)
  File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 411, in create_size
    if self.size_exists(photosize):
  File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 364, in size_exists
    if self.image.storage.exists(func()):
  File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 392, in exists
    return os.path.exists(self.path(name))
  File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 405, in path
    return safe_join(self.location, name)
  File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/_os.py", line 78, in safe_join
    'component ({})'.format(final_path, base_path))
django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousFileOperation: The joined path (/home/user/mysite/dataplots/monitoring/cache/test_thumbnail.png) is located outside of the base path component (/home/user/mysite/media)

显然，图像文件的副本没有放在media/目录中。此外，虽然image、title和date_added列已填充photologue_photos到网站数据库的表中，但该列未填充slug。

文件如何上传到MEDIA_ROOT目录？

Photo以下是 Photologue 文件中的和ImageModel模型的相关片段models.py，供参考：

class Photo(ImageModel):
    title = models.CharField(_('title'),
                         max_length=250,
                         unique=True)
    slug = models.SlugField(_('slug'),
                        unique=True,
                        max_length=250,
                        help_text=_('A "slug" is a unique URL-friendly title for an object.'))
    caption = models.TextField(_('caption'),
                               blank=True)
    date_added = models.DateTimeField(_('date added'),
                                      default=now)
    is_public = models.BooleanField(_('is public'),
                                    default=True,
                                    help_text=_('Public photographs will be displayed in the default views.'))
    sites = models.ManyToManyField(Site, verbose_name=_(u'sites'),
                                   blank=True)

    objects = PhotoQuerySet.as_manager()

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if self.slug is None:
            self.slug = slugify(self.title)
        super(Photo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)


class ImageModel(models.Model):
    image = models.ImageField(_('image'),
                          max_length=IMAGE_FIELD_MAX_LENGTH,
                          upload_to=get_storage_path)
    date_taken = models.DateTimeField(_('date taken'),
                                  null=True,
                                  blank=True,
                                  help_text=_('Date image was taken; is obtained from the image EXIF data.'))
    view_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(_('view count'),
                                         default=0,
                                         editable=False)
    crop_from = models.CharField(_('crop from'),
                             blank=True,
                             max_length=10,
                             default='center',
                             choices=CROP_ANCHOR_CHOICES)
    effect = models.ForeignKey('photologue.PhotoEffect',
                           null=True,
                           blank=True,
                           related_name="%(class)s_related",
                           verbose_name=_('effect'))

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(ImageModel, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._old_image = self.image

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        image_has_changed = False
        if self._get_pk_val() and (self._old_image != self.image):
            image_has_changed = True
            # If we have changed the image, we need to clear from the cache all instances of the old
            # image; clear_cache() works on the current (new) image, and in turn calls several other methods.
            # Changing them all to act on the old image was a lot of changes, so instead we temporarily swap old
            # and new images.
            new_image = self.image
            self.image = self._old_image
            self.clear_cache()
            self.image = new_image  # Back to the new image.
            self._old_image.storage.delete(self._old_image.name)  # Delete (old) base image.
        if self.date_taken is None or image_has_changed:
            # Attempt to get the date the photo was taken from the EXIF data.
            try:
                exif_date = self.EXIF(self.image.file).get('EXIF DateTimeOriginal', None)
                if exif_date is not None:
                    d, t = exif_date.values.split()
                    year, month, day = d.split(':')
                    hour, minute, second = t.split(':')
                    self.date_taken = datetime(int(year), int(month), int(day),
                                           int(hour), int(minute), int(second))
            except:
                logger.error('Failed to read EXIF DateTimeOriginal', exc_info=True)
        super(ImageModel, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
        self.pre_cache()

根据要求，这是get_storage_path功能：

# Look for user function to define file paths
PHOTOLOGUE_PATH = getattr(settings, 'PHOTOLOGUE_PATH', None)
if PHOTOLOGUE_PATH is not None:
    if callable(PHOTOLOGUE_PATH):
        get_storage_path = PHOTOLOGUE_PATH
    else:
        parts = PHOTOLOGUE_PATH.split('.')
        module_name = '.'.join(parts[:-1])
        module = import_module(module_name)
        get_storage_path = getattr(module, parts[-1])
else:
    def get_storage_path(instance, filename):
        fn = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', force_text(filename)).encode('ascii', 'ignore').decode('ascii')
        return os.path.join(PHOTOLOGUE_DIR, 'photos', fn)
4

3 回答 3

1

编辑/更新 2：我想我知道为什么你的 slug 字段是空的。我认为问题self.slug不是None，即使该字段不包含字符串或包含空字符串（请参阅此答案）。所以尝试更新if self.slug is None到这个：

class Photo(ImageModel):
    ...
    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # test if slug is not truthy, including empty string or None-ness
        if not self.slug:
            self.slug = slugify(self.title)
        super(Photo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

编辑/更新 1：查看这个答案。它来自 Django 1.4（我知道很古老），但它应该可以解决您的问题。如果您MEDIA_ROOT在创建Photo实例之前复制或移动要添加的文件，那么您应该很高兴。这是一个显示如何在 python 中复制文件的答案。我建议您将自定义命令更改为：

from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.utils import timezone
from photologue.models import Photo, Gallery

# so you can access settings.MEDIA_ROOT
from django.conf import settings

# so you can copy file to MEDIA_ROOT if need be
from shutil import copyfile

import os
from datetime import datetime
import pytz

class Command(BaseCommand):

    help = 'Adds a photo to Photologue.'

    def add_arguments(self, parser):
        parser.add_argument('imagefile', type=str)

        # where the imagefile is currently located, assumes MEDIA_ROOT
        parser.add_argument('--media_source', type=str)
        parser.add_argument('--title', type=str)
        parser.add_argument('--date_added', type=str, help="datetime string in 'YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS' format [UTC]")
        parser.add_argument('--gallery', type=str)

    def handle(self, *args, **options):

        # the path of the file relative to media_source
        imagefile = options['imagefile']

        # if file is not in media root, copy it to there
        if options['media_source']:
            media_source = os.path.realpath(options['media_source'])
            media_target = os.path.realpath(settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
            if media_source != media_target:
                copyfile(imagefile, os.path.join(media_target, imagefile)
        # note: if media_source was not provided, assume file is already in MEDIA_ROOT

        if options['title']:
            title = options['title']
        else:
            base = os.path.basename(imagefile)
            title = os.path.splitext(base)[0]
        if options['date_added']:
            date_added = datetime.strptime(options['date_added'],'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
        else:
            date_added = timezone.now()

        p = Photo(image=imagefile, title=title, date_added=date_added)
        p.save()

现在您imagefile的相对于您的媒体来源 ( ../dataplots)，被复制到MEDIA_ROOT，并且一切都应该按计划进行。这是您的命令的样子

manage.py addphoto 'monitoring/test.png' --media_source='../dataplots'

哪个应该将您的数据图复制到MEDIA_ROOT然后Photo按预期创建实体。

原答案：

您可以发布get_storage_path以下行中的内容：

class ImageModel(models.Model):
     image = models.ImageField(_('image'),
                          max_length=IMAGE_FIELD_MAX_LENGTH,
                          upload_to=get_storage_path)  # <-- here

在我知道那是什么之前，这个答案会有些不完整，但我想我看到了你的问题。查看您正在运行的命令：

./manage.py addphoto '../dataplots/monitoring/test.png' --traceback

你的imagefile论点是../dataplots/monitoring/test.png。如果get_storage_path返回相同../的路径，在路径的开头，那么您将指定一个不在您的MEDIA_ROOT目录中但在其父目录中的上传路径。我认为它正在尝试上传到MEDIA_ROOT/../dataplots/monitoring/test.png，如您的回溯中的第一个 SuspiciousFileOperation 所示：

# note: linebreaks and indentation added for readability
django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousFileOperation: 
    The joined path (/home/user/mysite/dataplots/monitoring/test.png) 
    is located outside of the base path component (/home/user/mysite/media)

所以它试图上传到MEDIA_ROOT/imagefile，但从不应该被允许的imagefile开头。../

如果这确实是问题（在发布代码之前很难说get_storage_path），那么有很多方法可以解决问题。也许最快的解决方法是将您的dataplots目录移动到与您的目录相同的目录中manage.py：

mv ../dataplots ./dataplots

这应该可以直接解决您的问题，因为您不再需要它../，但是您可能不希望项目目录中的所有这些数据图，所以它是一个快速但弱的解决方案。潜在的问题是源文件的路径和您上传源文件的路径不应该是相等的。我认为您应该将命令参数更改为包含image_sourceand image_destination，或者您可以包含source_media_rootandimagefile其中../是 的一部分source_media_root，并且imagefile相对于两者source_media_root以及...中的所需目标位置MEDIA_ROOT有很多解决方案，但我不能完全提供正确的代码，直到我知道是什么get_storage_path（我假设它是一个返回或可以返回的函数imagefile以一种或另一种方式论证）。

于 2017-08-16T02:49:53.707 回答
1

关于您问题的一部分：保存slug时该列是空的Photo。

它应该在保存时自动填充Photo- 正如您复制和粘贴上面的 Photologue 源代码所if self.slug is None: self.slug = slugify(self.title)表明的那样。

这表明实际上并未从您的管理命令调用Photologue 源代码- 您可以通过向 Photologue 代码的本地副本添加一些快速调试代码来检查这一点，例如save()方法中的 print() 语句，并检查它是否正在运行。

于 2017-08-04T08:17:24.870 回答
0

addphoto.py这是我最终创建 的自定义命令的工作版本。

图像文件需要在MEDIA_ROOT/photologue/photos其中以方便导入。该命令使用./manage.py addphoto 'photologue/photos/test.png'. 请注意，--gallery如果图库的slug.

from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.utils import timezone
from photologue.models import Photo, Gallery

import os
from datetime import datetime
import pytz

class Command(BaseCommand):

    help = 'Adds a photo to Photologue.'

    def add_arguments(self, parser):
        parser.add_argument('imagefile',
                            type=str)
        parser.add_argument('--title',
                            type=str)
        parser.add_argument('--date_added',
                            type=str,
                            help="datetime string in 'YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS' format [UTC]")
        parser.add_argument('--gallery',
                            type=str)

    def handle(self, *args, **options):
        imagefile = options['imagefile']
        base = os.path.basename(imagefile)

        if options['title']:
            title = options['title']
        else:
            title = os.path.splitext(base)[0]
        if options['date_added']:
            date_added = datetime.strptime(options['date_added'],'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
        else:
            date_added = timezone.now()

        try:
            p = Photo(image=imagefile, title=title, slug=title, date_added=date_added)
        except:
            raise CommandError('Photo "%s" could not be added' % base)
        p.save()
        self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS('Successfully added photo "%s"' % p))

        if options['gallery']:
            try:
                g = Gallery.objects.get(slug=options['gallery'])
            except:
                raise CommandError('Gallery "%s" does not exist' % options['gallery'])
            p.galleries.add(g.pk)
            p.save()
            self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS('Successfully added photo to gallery "%s"' % g))
于 2017-08-16T16:38:02.457 回答