我已阅读何时需要 TCP 选项 SO_LINGER (0)?以及其他几个相关的问题和答案,但我无法重现SO_LINGER
这些帖子中解释的任何行为。我将在这里分享我的许多实验之一。
我在以下环境中进行这个实验。
$ lsb_release -d
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 9.0 (stretch)
$ gcc -dumpversion
6.3.0
这是一个连接到服务器的行为不端的客户端的示例,但在 90 秒内没有收到任何数据。
/* client.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
int main()
{
int sockfd;
int ret;
struct addrinfo hints, *ai;
char buffer[256];
ssize_t bytes;
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
if ((ret = getaddrinfo(NULL, "8000", &hints, &ai)) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "client: getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(ret));
return 1;
}
sockfd = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol);
if (sockfd == -1) {
perror("client: socket");
return 1;
}
if (connect(sockfd, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
perror("client: connect");
close(sockfd);
return -1;
}
printf("client: connected\n");
/*
bytes = recv(sockfd, buffer, sizeof buffer, 0);
if (recv(sockfd, buffer, sizeof buffer, 0) == -1) {
perror("client: recv");
close(sockfd);
return -1;
}
printf("client: received: %.*s\n", (int) bytes, buffer);
*/
sleep(90);
freeaddrinfo(ai);
printf("client: closing socket ...\n");
close(sockfd);
printf("client: closed socket!\n");
return 0;
}
这是我的服务器代码,它发送hello
给连接到服务器的每个客户端,然后立即关闭连接。为简单起见,此服务器不是多线程的。在一个多线程服务器中,它将接受来自客户端的 100 个连接的连接,其中许多可能是行为不端的,我们的目标是尽快丢弃无用的套接字,以便释放为这些套接字使用的端口。
为了实现这一点,我们启用了SO_LINGER
延迟超时 10 秒的套接字选项。
/* server.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
int main()
{
int sockfd;
int ret;
int yes = 1;
struct addrinfo hints, *ai;
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
if ((ret = getaddrinfo(NULL, "8000", &hints, &ai)) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(ret));
return 1;
}
sockfd = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol);
if (sockfd == -1) {
perror("server: socket");
return 1;
}
if (setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof yes) == -1) {
perror("server: setsockopt");
close(sockfd);
return 1;
}
if (bind(sockfd, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
perror("server: bind");
close(sockfd);
return 1;
}
freeaddrinfo(ai);
if (listen(sockfd, 10) == -1) {
perror("server: listen");
close(sockfd);
return 1;
}
printf("server: listening ...\n");
while (1) {
int client_sockfd;
struct sockaddr_storage client_addr;
socklen_t client_addrlen = sizeof client_addr;
struct linger l_opt;
printf("server: accepting ...\n");
client_sockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &client_addr,
&client_addrlen);
/* Set SO_LINGER opt for the new client socket. */
l_opt.l_onoff = 1;
l_opt.l_linger = 10;
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, &l_opt, sizeof l_opt);
if (client_sockfd == -1) {
perror("server: accept");
continue;
}
if (send(client_sockfd, "hello\n", 6, 0) == -1) {
perror("server: send");
continue;
}
printf("server: sent: hello\n");
printf("server: closing client socket ...\n");
close(client_sockfd);
printf("server: closed client socket!\n");
}
return 0;
}
这是我的实验跑步者。
# run.sh
gcc -std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE server.c -o server
gcc -std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE client.c -o client
./server &
sleep 1
./client
pkill ^server$
在另一个窗口/终端中,我运行这个小 bash 脚本以每 10 秒监视一次套接字的状态。
$ for i in {1..10}; do netstat -nopa 2> /dev/null | grep :8000; echo =====; sleep 10; done
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16293/./server off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 7 0 127.0.0.1:35536 127.0.0.1:8000 CLOSE_WAIT 16295/./client off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8000 127.0.0.1:35536 FIN_WAIT2 - timewait (59.84/0/0)
=====
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16293/./server off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 7 0 127.0.0.1:35536 127.0.0.1:8000 CLOSE_WAIT 16295/./client off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8000 127.0.0.1:35536 FIN_WAIT2 - timewait (49.83/0/0)
=====
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16293/./server off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 7 0 127.0.0.1:35536 127.0.0.1:8000 CLOSE_WAIT 16295/./client off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8000 127.0.0.1:35536 FIN_WAIT2 - timewait (39.82/0/0)
=====
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16293/./server off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 7 0 127.0.0.1:35536 127.0.0.1:8000 CLOSE_WAIT 16295/./client off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8000 127.0.0.1:35536 FIN_WAIT2 - timewait (29.81/0/0)
=====
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16293/./server off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 7 0 127.0.0.1:35536 127.0.0.1:8000 CLOSE_WAIT 16295/./client off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8000 127.0.0.1:35536 FIN_WAIT2 - timewait (19.80/0/0)
=====
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16293/./server off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 7 0 127.0.0.1:35536 127.0.0.1:8000 CLOSE_WAIT 16295/./client off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8000 127.0.0.1:35536 FIN_WAIT2 - timewait (9.78/0/0)
=====
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16293/./server off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 7 0 127.0.0.1:35536 127.0.0.1:8000 CLOSE_WAIT 16295/./client off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8000 127.0.0.1:35536 FIN_WAIT2 - timewait (0.00/0/0)
=====
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16293/./server off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 7 0 127.0.0.1:35536 127.0.0.1:8000 CLOSE_WAIT 16295/./client off (0.00/0/0)
=====
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16293/./server off (0.00/0/0)
tcp 7 0 127.0.0.1:35536 127.0.0.1:8000 CLOSE_WAIT 16295/./client off (0.00/0/0)
=====
=====
上面的输出显示服务器套接字(输出的每次迭代中的第三行)保持FIN_WAIT2
状态 60 秒(即默认时间等待)。
为什么SO_LINGER
超时10
秒的选项并不能确保服务器在 10 秒后成功关闭其客户端套接字(即本地地址 = 127.0.0.1:8000;外部地址 = 127.0.0.1:35536)?
注意:即使超时为 0,我也得到相同的结果,即使用以下代码,本地地址 = 127.0.0.1:8000 和外部地址 = 127.0.0.1:35536 的套接字保持FIN_WAIT2
状态 60 秒。
/* Set SO_LINGER opt for the new client socket. */
l_opt.l_onoff = 1;
l_opt.l_linger = 0;
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, &l_opt, sizeof l_opt);
如果SO_LINGER
对套接字的删除或FIN_WAIT2
超时没有影响,那么真正的目的是SO_LINGER
什么?