我们运行 Flink 1.3.0 CEP 作业并依赖 Avro 1.8.1（LogicalType 在 Avro 1.7.7 中不存在）来序列化复杂事件（作为 POJO）。它在 IDE (IntelliJ) 中运行时可以工作，但是当我们打包 jar 文件并将其部署到集群时，我们得到：
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.apache.avro.Schema.setLogicalType(Lorg/apache/avro/LogicalType;)V
at org.apache.avro.LogicalType.addToSchema(LogicalType.java:72)
但是，似乎我们构建的 jar 包含关于构建输出的正确 Avro 包版本（1.8.1）。
mvn clean package -Pbuild-jar
...
[INFO] Including org.apache.avro:avro:jar:1.8.1 in the shaded jar.
...
问题：我们如何确保我们的 Flink 集群使用正确的 Avro 版本（1.8.1）？
我们的 pom.xml：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.group.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>cep</artifactId>
<version>0.2</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>Complex Event Processing</name>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<flink.version>1.3.0</flink.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<kafka.version>0.10.2.1</kafka.version>
<scala.version>2.11</scala.version>
<avro.version>1.8.1</avro.version>
<junit.version>5.0.0-M4</junit.version>
</properties>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>apache.snapshots</id>
<name>Apache Development Snapshot Repository</name>
<url>https://repository.apache.org/content/repositories/snapshots/</url>
<releases>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>jitpack.io</id>
<url>https://jitpack.io</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<!--
Execute "mvn clean package -Pbuild-jar"
to build a jar file out of this project!
How to use the Flink Quickstart pom:
a) Adding new dependencies:
You can add dependencies to the list below.
Please check if the maven-shade-plugin below is filtering out your dependency
and remove the exclude from there.
b) Build a jar for running on the cluster:
There are two options for creating a jar from this project
b.1) "mvn clean package" -> this will create a fat jar which contains all
dependencies necessary for running the jar created by this pom in a cluster.
The "maven-shade-plugin" excludes everything that is provided on a running Flink cluster.
b.2) "mvn clean package -Pbuild-jar" -> This will also create a fat-jar, but with much
nicer dependency exclusion handling. This approach is preferred and leads to
much cleaner jar files.
-->
<dependencies>
<!-- Apache Flink dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-java</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-streaming-java_${scala.version}</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-clients_${scala.version}</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-cep_${scala.version}</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-connector-kafka-0.10_${scala.version}</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- explicitly add a standard loggin framework, as Flink does not (in the future) have
a hard dependency on one specific framework by default -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
<artifactId>kafka_${scala.version}</artifactId>
<version>${kafka.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
<artifactId>avro</artifactId>
<version>${avro.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.smueller18</groupId>
<artifactId>avro-builder</artifactId>
<version>0.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.smueller18</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-serialization</artifactId>
<version>0.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
<artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
<version>2.9.9</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<profiles>
<profile>
<!-- Profile for packaging correct JAR files -->
<id>build-jar</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
</activation>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-java</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-streaming-java_${scala.version}</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-clients_${scala.version}</artifactId>
<version>${flink.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- disable the exclusion rules -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<artifactSet>
<excludes combine.self="override"></excludes>
</artifactSet>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</profile>
</profiles>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- We use the maven-shade plugin to create a fat jar that contains all dependencies
except flink and it's transitive dependencies. The resulting fat-jar can be executed
on a cluster. Change the value of Program-Class if your program entry point changes. -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.1</version>
<executions>
<!-- Run shade goal on package phase -->
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<artifactSet>
<excludes>
<!-- This list contains all dependencies of flink-dist
Everything else will be packaged into the fat-jar
-->
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-annotations</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-shaded-hadoop2</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-shaded-curator-recipes</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-core</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-java</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-scala_2.11</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-runtime_2.11</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-optimizer_2.11</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-clients_2.11</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-avro_2.11</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-examples-batch_2.11</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-examples-streaming_2.11</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-streaming-java_2.11</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-streaming-scala_2.11</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-scala-shell_2.11</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-python</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-metrics-core</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-metrics-jmx</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.flink:flink-statebackend-rocksdb_2.11</exclude>
<!-- Also exclude very big transitive dependencies of Flink
WARNING: You have to remove these excludes if your code relies on other
versions of these dependencies.
-->
<exclude>log4j:log4j</exclude>
<exclude>org.scala-lang:scala-library</exclude>
<exclude>org.scala-lang:scala-compiler</exclude>
<exclude>org.scala-lang:scala-reflect</exclude>
<exclude>com.data-artisans:flakka-actor_*</exclude>
<exclude>com.data-artisans:flakka-remote_*</exclude>
<exclude>com.data-artisans:flakka-slf4j_*</exclude>
<exclude>io.netty:netty-all</exclude>
<exclude>io.netty:netty</exclude>
<exclude>commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload</exclude>
<!--<exclude>org.apache.avro:avro</exclude>-->
<exclude>commons-collections:commons-collections</exclude>
<exclude>org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl</exclude>
<exclude>org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl</exclude>
<exclude>com.thoughtworks.paranamer:paranamer</exclude>
<exclude>org.xerial.snappy:snappy-java</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.commons:commons-compress</exclude>
<exclude>org.tukaani:xz</exclude>
<exclude>com.esotericsoftware.kryo:kryo</exclude>
<exclude>com.esotericsoftware.minlog:minlog</exclude>
<exclude>org.objenesis:objenesis</exclude>
<exclude>com.twitter:chill_*</exclude>
<exclude>com.twitter:chill-java</exclude>
<exclude>commons-lang:commons-lang</exclude>
<exclude>junit:junit</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.commons:commons-lang3</exclude>
<exclude>org.slf4j:slf4j-api</exclude>
<exclude>org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12</exclude>
<exclude>log4j:log4j</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.commons:commons-math</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.sling:org.apache.sling.commons.json</exclude>
<exclude>commons-logging:commons-logging</exclude>
<exclude>commons-codec:commons-codec</exclude>
<exclude>com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core</exclude>
<exclude>com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind</exclude>
<exclude>com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations</exclude>
<exclude>stax:stax-api</exclude>
<exclude>com.typesafe:config</exclude>
<exclude>org.uncommons.maths:uncommons-maths</exclude>
<exclude>com.github.scopt:scopt_*</exclude>
<exclude>commons-io:commons-io</exclude>
<exclude>commons-cli:commons-cli</exclude>
</excludes>
</artifactSet>
<filters>
<filter>
<artifact>org.apache.flink:*</artifact>
<excludes>
<!-- exclude shaded google but include shaded curator -->
<exclude>org/apache/flink/shaded/com/**</exclude>
<exclude>web-docs/**</exclude>
</excludes>
</filter>
<filter>
<!-- Do not copy the signatures in the META-INF folder.
Otherwise, this might cause SecurityExceptions when using the JAR. -->
<artifact>*:*</artifact>
<excludes>
<exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
<exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
<exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
</excludes>
</filter>
</filters>
<!-- If you want to use ./bin/flink run <quickstart jar> uncomment the following lines.
This will add a Main-Class entry to the manifest file -->
<!--
<transformers>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
<mainClass>de.hska.stcs.cep.StreamingJob</mainClass>
</transformer>
</transformers>
-->
<createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source> <!-- If you want to use Java 8, change this to "1.8" -->
<target>1.8</target> <!-- If you want to use Java 8, change this to "1.8" -->
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<!-- If you want to use Java 8 Lambda Expressions uncomment the following lines -->
<!--
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<compilerId>jdt</compilerId>
</configuration>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.eclipse.tycho</groupId>
<artifactId>tycho-compiler-jdt</artifactId>
<version>0.21.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
<artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<configuration>
<lifecycleMappingMetadata>
<pluginExecutions>
<pluginExecution>
<pluginExecutionFilter>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<versionRange>[2.4,)</versionRange>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
</pluginExecutionFilter>
<action>
<ignore/>
</action>
</pluginExecution>
<pluginExecution>
<pluginExecutionFilter>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<versionRange>[3.1,)</versionRange>
<goals>
<goal>testCompile</goal>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</pluginExecutionFilter>
<action>
<ignore/>
</action>
</pluginExecution>
</pluginExecutions>
</lifecycleMappingMetadata>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
-->
</build>
更新：我从源代码构建 flink 1.3 并在项目的 pom.xml 中更新了 avro 版本（从 1.7.7 到 1.8.1），它现在似乎可以工作。仍然不确定为什么在构建胖罐时它不起作用。