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Codable在创建对象(不是结构)时,如何使用它们来解码 JSON 并交叉引用它们?在此示例中,我希望Painting该类具有Color也在 JSON 中定义的对象数组。(我也希望能够将它们编码回 JSON。)

奖励:在这种情况下,我更愿意Painting.colors成为非可选let属性而不是 var. 我不希望它在创建后改变,我也不希望它永远为零。(我宁愿使用空数组的默认值而不是 nil。)

class Art: Codable {
    var colors: [Color]?
    var Paintings: [Painting]?
}

class Color: Codable {
    var id: String?
    var hex: String?
}

class Painting: Codable {
    var name: String?
    var colors: [Color]?
}

let json = """
{
    "colors": [
        {"id": "black","hex": "000000"
        },
        {"id": "red", "hex": "FF0000"},
        {"id": "blue", "hex": "0000FF"},
        {"id": "green", "hex": "00FF00"},
        {"id": "yellow", "hex": "FFFB00"},
        {"id": "orange", "hex": "FF9300"},
        {"id": "purple", "hex": "FF00FF"}
    ],
    "paintings": [
        {
            "name": "Starry Night",
            "colorIds": ["blue", "black", "purple", "yellow"]
        },
        {
            "name": "The Scream",
            "colorIds": ["orange", "black", "blue"]
        },
        {
            "name": "Nighthawks",
            "colorIds": ["green", "orange", "blue", "yellow"]
        }
    ]
}
"""


let data = json.data(using: .utf8)
let art = try JSONDecoder().decode(Art.self, from: data!)

我考虑过的一些方法:

  • 手动编码/解码json。似乎需要做很多额外的工作,但也许它给了我所需的控制权?

  • 将 JSON 解码分解为多个步骤。将 JSON 反序列化为字典,首先提取并解码颜色,然后是绘画(可以访问上下文中的颜色)。这感觉就像是在与Codable想要你一次使用Data而不是Dictionary.

  • 通过动态属性在运行时Painting动态查找s。Color但我更愿意在开始真正的工作之前设置和验证所有对象关系,然后再不改变。但也许这将是最简单的?

  • 不使用可编码

  • 其他一些坏主意

4

1 回答 1

8

我投票决定重新提出您的问题,因为虽然 JSON 和 不能方便地使用Codable它,但可以做到。您将不得不手动解码 JSON,所以问题变成:最不痛苦的方法是什么?

我的经验法则:不要与 JSON 作斗争。将其按原样导入 Swift 值,然后您可以对其进行各种操作。为此,让我们定义一个RawArt紧跟 JSON 的结构:

fileprivate struct RawArt: Decodable {
    struct RawPainting: Codable {
        var name: String
        var colorIds: [String]
    }

    var colors: [Color]             // the Color class matches the JSON so no need to define a new struct
    var paintings: [RawPainting]    // the Painting class does not so we need a substitute struct
}

现在将原始 JSON 对象转换为您的类:

class Art: Codable {
    var colors: [Color]
    var paintings: [Painting]

    required init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let rawArt = try RawArt(from: decoder)

        self.colors = rawArt.colors
        self.paintings = rawArt.paintings.map { rawPainting in
            let name = rawPainting.name
            let colors = rawPainting.colorIds.flatMap { colorId in
                rawArt.colors.first(where: { $0.id == colorId })
            }

            return Painting(name: name, colors: colors)
        }
    }
}

class Color: Codable {
    var id: String
    var hex: String

    init(id: String, hex: String) {
        self.id = id
        self.hex = hex
    }
}

// It does not transform into the JSON you want so you may as well remove Codable conformance
class Painting: Codable {
    var name: String
    var colors: [Color]

    init(name: String, colors: [Color]) {
        self.name = name
        self.colors = colors
    }
}

要测试它实际上是在引用一个Color对象:

let data = json.data(using: .utf8)
let art = try JSONDecoder().decode(Art.self, from: data!)

art.colors[0].id = "new_black"
print(art.paintings[0].colors[1].id)    // the second color in Starry Night: new_black

一切都是非可选的,从 JSON 中解压缩对象只需不到 20 行代码。

于 2017-06-16T23:07:16.813 回答