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DecodableSwift 4 通过协议引入了对原生 JSON 编码和解码的支持。我如何为此使用自定义键?

例如,假设我有一个结构

struct Address:Codable {
    var street:String
    var zip:String
    var city:String
    var state:String
}

我可以将其编码为 JSON。

let address = Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zip: "94608", city: "Emeryville", state: "California")

if let encoded = try? encoder.encode(address) {
    if let json = String(data: encoded, encoding: .utf8) {
        // Print JSON String
        print(json)

        // JSON string is 
           { "state":"California", 
             "street":"Apple Bay Street", 
             "zip":"94608", 
             "city":"Emeryville" 
           }
    }
}

我可以将它编码回一个对象。

    let newAddress: Address = try decoder.decode(Address.self, from: encoded)

但是如果我有一个 json 对象

{ 
   "state":"California", 
   "street":"Apple Bay Street", 
   "zip_code":"94608", 
   "city":"Emeryville" 
}

我将如何告诉该Address地图zip_code上的解码器zip?我相信您使用新CodingKey协议,但我不知道如何使用它。

4

4 回答 4

324

手动自定义编码键

在您的示例中,您将获得自动生成的符合性,Codable因为您的所有属性也符合Codable. 这种一致性会自动创建一个与属性名称相对应的键类型——然后使用它来对单个键容器进行编码/解码。

然而,这种自动生成的一致性的一个非常巧妙的特性是,如果你enum在你的类型中定义一个嵌套的名为 " CodingKeys" (或使用typealias这个名称),它符合CodingKey协议——Swift 将自动使用作为键类型。因此,这允许您轻松自定义您的属性编码/解码的密钥。

所以这意味着你可以说:

struct Address : Codable {

    var street: String
    var zip: String
    var city: String
    var state: String

    private enum CodingKeys : String, CodingKey {
        case street, zip = "zip_code", city, state
    }
}

枚举案例名称需要与属性名称匹配,并且这些案例的原始值需要与您编码/解码的键匹配(除非另有说明,否则String枚举的原始值将与案例名称相同)。因此,该zip属性现在将使用 key 进行编码/解码"zip_code"

进化提案(强调我的)详细说明了自动生成Encodable/一致性的确切规则:Decodable

除了 的自动CodingKey需求合成 之外enums,还可以为某些类型自动合成Encodable&Decodable需求:

  1. 符合Encodable其属性的类型都Encodable获得一个自动生成的String支持CodingKey枚举,将属性映射到案例名称。类似地,对于Decodable属性为 all 的类型Decodable

  2. 属于 (1)的类型 - 以及手动提供 a CodingKey enum(命名CodingKeys、直接或通过 a typealias)的类型,其情况按名称一对一映射到Encodable/Decodable属性-使用这些属性和键获得自动合成init(from:)并酌情encode(to:)

  3. 如果需要,既不属于 (1) 也不属于 (2) 的类型必须提供自定义键类型,并酌情提供它们自己的init(from:)encode(to:)

示例编码:

import Foundation

let address = Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zip: "94608",
                      city: "Emeryville", state: "California")

do {
    let encoded = try JSONEncoder().encode(address)
    print(String(decoding: encoded, as: UTF8.self))
} catch {
    print(error)
}
//{"state":"California","street":"Apple Bay Street","zip_code":"94608","city":"Emeryville"}

示例解码:

// using the """ multi-line string literal here, as introduced in SE-0168,
// to avoid escaping the quotation marks
let jsonString = """
{"state":"California","street":"Apple Bay Street","zip_code":"94608","city":"Emeryville"}
"""

do {
    let decoded = try JSONDecoder().decode(Address.self, from: Data(jsonString.utf8))
    print(decoded)
} catch {
    print(error)
}

// Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zip: "94608",
// city: "Emeryville", state: "California")

属性名称的自动snake_caseJSON 键camelCase

在 Swift 4.1 中,如果将zip属性重命名为zipCode,则可以利用 和 上的键编码/解码策略,以便在 和 之间自动转换JSONEncoder编码键。JSONDecodercamelCasesnake_case

示例编码:

import Foundation

struct Address : Codable {
  var street: String
  var zipCode: String
  var city: String
  var state: String
}

let address = Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zipCode: "94608",
                      city: "Emeryville", state: "California")

do {
  let encoder = JSONEncoder()
  encoder.keyEncodingStrategy = .convertToSnakeCase
  let encoded = try encoder.encode(address)
  print(String(decoding: encoded, as: UTF8.self))
} catch {
  print(error)
}
//{"state":"California","street":"Apple Bay Street","zip_code":"94608","city":"Emeryville"}

示例解码:

let jsonString = """
{"state":"California","street":"Apple Bay Street","zip_code":"94608","city":"Emeryville"}
"""

do {
  let decoder = JSONDecoder()
  decoder.keyDecodingStrategy = .convertFromSnakeCase
  let decoded = try decoder.decode(Address.self, from: Data(jsonString.utf8))
  print(decoded)
} catch {
  print(error)
}

// Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zipCode: "94608",
// city: "Emeryville", state: "California")

然而,关于此策略需要注意的一件重要事情是,它无法使用首字母缩略词或首字母缩写来往返某些属性名称,根据Swift API 设计指南,这些属性名称应统一为大写或小写(取决于位置)。

例如,一个名为的属性someURL将使用 key 进行编码some_url,但在解码时,它将转换为someUrl

要解决此问题,您必须手动将该属性的编码键指定为解码器期望的字符串,例如someUrl在这种情况下(仍将some_url由编码器转换为):

struct S : Codable {

  private enum CodingKeys : String, CodingKey {
    case someURL = "someUrl", someOtherProperty
  }

  var someURL: String
  var someOtherProperty: String
}

(这并没有严格回答您的具体问题,但鉴于此问答的规范性质,我觉得值得包括在内)

自定义自动 JSON 键映射

在 Swift 4.1 中,您可以利用 和 上的自定义键编码/解码策略JSONEncoderJSONDecoder允许您提供自定义函数来映射编码键。

您提供的函数采用 a [CodingKey],它表示编码/解码中当前点的编码路径(在大多数情况下,您只需要考虑最后一个元素;即当前键)。该函数返回一个CodingKey将替换此数组中的最后一个键的值。

例如,属性名称UpperCamelCase的 JSON 键:lowerCamelCase

import Foundation

// wrapper to allow us to substitute our mapped string keys.
struct AnyCodingKey : CodingKey {

  var stringValue: String
  var intValue: Int?

  init(_ base: CodingKey) {
    self.init(stringValue: base.stringValue, intValue: base.intValue)
  }

  init(stringValue: String) {
    self.stringValue = stringValue
  }

  init(intValue: Int) {
    self.stringValue = "\(intValue)"
    self.intValue = intValue
  }

  init(stringValue: String, intValue: Int?) {
    self.stringValue = stringValue
    self.intValue = intValue
  }
}

extension JSONEncoder.KeyEncodingStrategy {

  static var convertToUpperCamelCase: JSONEncoder.KeyEncodingStrategy {
    return .custom { codingKeys in

      var key = AnyCodingKey(codingKeys.last!)

      // uppercase first letter
      if let firstChar = key.stringValue.first {
        let i = key.stringValue.startIndex
        key.stringValue.replaceSubrange(
          i ... i, with: String(firstChar).uppercased()
        )
      }
      return key
    }
  }
}

extension JSONDecoder.KeyDecodingStrategy {

  static var convertFromUpperCamelCase: JSONDecoder.KeyDecodingStrategy {
    return .custom { codingKeys in

      var key = AnyCodingKey(codingKeys.last!)

      // lowercase first letter
      if let firstChar = key.stringValue.first {
        let i = key.stringValue.startIndex
        key.stringValue.replaceSubrange(
          i ... i, with: String(firstChar).lowercased()
        )
      }
      return key
    }
  }
}

您现在可以使用.convertToUpperCamelCase关键策略进行编码:

let address = Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zipCode: "94608",
                      city: "Emeryville", state: "California")

do {
  let encoder = JSONEncoder()
  encoder.keyEncodingStrategy = .convertToUpperCamelCase
  let encoded = try encoder.encode(address)
  print(String(decoding: encoded, as: UTF8.self))
} catch {
  print(error)
}
//{"Street":"Apple Bay Street","City":"Emeryville","State":"California","ZipCode":"94608"}

.convertFromUpperCamelCase并使用关键策略进行解码:

let jsonString = """
{"Street":"Apple Bay Street","City":"Emeryville","State":"California","ZipCode":"94608"}
"""

do {
  let decoder = JSONDecoder()
  decoder.keyDecodingStrategy = .convertFromUpperCamelCase
  let decoded = try decoder.decode(Address.self, from: Data(jsonString.utf8))
  print(decoded)
} catch {
  print(error)
}

// Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zipCode: "94608",
// city: "Emeryville", state: "California")
于 2017-06-06T18:01:25.840 回答
27

使用 Swift 4.2,根据您的需要,您可以使用以下 3 种策略之一,以使您的模型对象自定义属性名称与您的 JSON 键匹配。


#1。使用自定义编码键

当您使用以下实现声明符合CodableDecodable和协议)的结构时...Encodable

struct Address: Codable {
    var street: String
    var zip: String
    var city: String
    var state: String        
}

...编译器会自动为您生成一个符合CodingKey协议的嵌套枚举。

struct Address: Codable {
    var street: String
    var zip: String
    var city: String
    var state: String

    // compiler generated
    private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case street
        case zip
        case city
        case state
    }
}

因此,如果序列化数据格式中使用的键与数据类型中的属性名称不匹配,则可以手动实现此枚举并rawValue为所需的情况设置适当的值。

下面的例子展示了如何做:

import Foundation

struct Address: Codable {
    var street: String
    var zip: String
    var city: String
    var state: String

    private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case street
        case zip = "zip_code"
        case city
        case state
    }
}

编码(用zip“zip_code”JSON 键替换属性):

let address = Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zip: "94608", city: "Emeryville", state: "California")

let encoder = JSONEncoder()
if let jsonData = try? encoder.encode(address), let jsonString = String(data: jsonData, encoding: .utf8) {
    print(jsonString)
}

/*
 prints:
 {"state":"California","street":"Apple Bay Street","zip_code":"94608","city":"Emeryville"}
 */

解码(用属性替换“zip_code”JSON 键zip):

let jsonString = """
{"state":"California","street":"Apple Bay Street","zip_code":"94608","city":"Emeryville"}
"""

let decoder = JSONDecoder()
if let jsonData = jsonString.data(using: .utf8), let address = try? decoder.decode(Address.self, from: jsonData) {
    print(address)
}

/*
 prints:
 Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zip: "94608", city: "Emeryville", state: "California")
 */

#2。使用蛇案例到骆驼案例的关键编码策略

如果您的 JSON 具有蛇形键,并且您想将它们转换为模型对象的驼峰式属性,您可以将JSONEncoder'skeyEncodingStrategyJSONDecoder'keyDecodingStrategy属性设置为.convertToSnakeCase.

下面的例子展示了如何做:

import Foundation

struct Address: Codable {
    var street: String
    var zipCode: String
    var cityName: String
    var state: String
}

编码(将驼峰式属性转换为蛇形 JSON 键):

let address = Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zipCode: "94608", cityName: "Emeryville", state: "California")

let encoder = JSONEncoder()
encoder.keyEncodingStrategy = .convertToSnakeCase
if let jsonData = try? encoder.encode(address), let jsonString = String(data: jsonData, encoding: .utf8) {
    print(jsonString)
}

/*
 prints:
 {"state":"California","street":"Apple Bay Street","zip_code":"94608","city_name":"Emeryville"}
 */

解码(将蛇形 JSON 键转换为驼峰形属性):

let jsonString = """
{"state":"California","street":"Apple Bay Street","zip_code":"94608","city_name":"Emeryville"}
"""

let decoder = JSONDecoder()
decoder.keyDecodingStrategy = .convertFromSnakeCase
if let jsonData = jsonString.data(using: .utf8), let address = try? decoder.decode(Address.self, from: jsonData) {
    print(address)
}

/*
 prints:
 Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zipCode: "94608", cityName: "Emeryville", state: "California")
 */

#3。使用自定义键编码策略

如有必要,JSONEncoderJSONDecoder允许您设置自定义策略以使用JSONEncoder.KeyEncodingStrategy.custom(_:)和映射编码键JSONDecoder.KeyDecodingStrategy.custom(_:)

以下示例显示了如何实现它们:

import Foundation

struct Address: Codable {
    var street: String
    var zip: String
    var city: String
    var state: String
}

struct AnyKey: CodingKey {
    var stringValue: String
    var intValue: Int?

    init?(stringValue: String) {
        self.stringValue = stringValue
    }

    init?(intValue: Int) {
        self.stringValue = String(intValue)
        self.intValue = intValue
    }
}

编码(将小写首字母属性转换为大写首字母 JSON 键):

let address = Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zip: "94608", city: "Emeryville", state: "California")

let encoder = JSONEncoder()
encoder.keyEncodingStrategy = .custom({ (keys) -> CodingKey in
    let lastKey = keys.last!
    guard lastKey.intValue == nil else { return lastKey }
    let stringValue = lastKey.stringValue.prefix(1).uppercased() + lastKey.stringValue.dropFirst()
    return AnyKey(stringValue: stringValue)!
})

if let jsonData = try? encoder.encode(address), let jsonString = String(data: jsonData, encoding: .utf8) {
    print(jsonString)
}

/*
 prints:
 {"Zip":"94608","Street":"Apple Bay Street","City":"Emeryville","State":"California"}
 */

解码(将大写首字母 JSON 键转换为小写首字母属性):

let jsonString = """
{"State":"California","Street":"Apple Bay Street","Zip":"94608","City":"Emeryville"}
"""

let decoder = JSONDecoder()
decoder.keyDecodingStrategy = .custom({ (keys) -> CodingKey in
    let lastKey = keys.last!
    guard lastKey.intValue == nil else { return lastKey }
    let stringValue = lastKey.stringValue.prefix(1).lowercased() + lastKey.stringValue.dropFirst()
    return AnyKey(stringValue: stringValue)!
})

if let jsonData = jsonString.data(using: .utf8), let address = try? decoder.decode(Address.self, from: jsonData) {
    print(address)
}

/*
 prints:
 Address(street: "Apple Bay Street", zip: "94608", city: "Emeryville", state: "California")
 */

资料来源:

于 2017-07-11T11:11:37.310 回答
4

我所做的是创建自己的结构,就像您从 JSON 中获得的数据类型一样。

像这样:

struct Track {
let id : Int
let contributingArtistNames:String
let name : String
let albumName :String
let copyrightP:String
let copyrightC:String
let playlistCount:Int
let trackPopularity:Int
let playlistFollowerCount:Int
let artistFollowerCount : Int
let label : String
}

在此之后,您需要创建相同struct扩展decodableenum相同结构的扩展CodingKey,然后您需要使用此枚举及其键和数据类型初始化解码器(键将来自枚举,数据类型将来自或说从结构本身引用)

extension Track: Decodable {

    enum TrackCodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case id = "id"
        case contributingArtistNames = "primaryArtistsNames"
        case spotifyId = "spotifyId"
        case name = "name"
        case albumName = "albumName"
        case albumImageUrl = "albumImageUrl"
        case copyrightP = "copyrightP"
        case copyrightC = "copyrightC"
        case playlistCount = "playlistCount"
        case trackPopularity = "trackPopularity"
        case playlistFollowerCount = "playlistFollowerCount"
        case artistFollowerCount = "artistFollowers"
        case label = "label"
    }
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let trackContainer = try decoder.container(keyedBy: TrackCodingKeys.self)
        if trackContainer.contains(.id){
            id = try trackContainer.decode(Int.self, forKey: .id)
        }else{
            id = 0
        }
        if trackContainer.contains(.contributingArtistNames){
            contributingArtistNames = try trackContainer.decode(String.self, forKey: .contributingArtistNames)
        }else{
            contributingArtistNames = ""
        }
        if trackContainer.contains(.spotifyId){
            spotifyId = try trackContainer.decode(String.self, forKey: .spotifyId)
        }else{
            spotifyId = ""
        }
        if trackContainer.contains(.name){
            name = try trackContainer.decode(String.self, forKey: .name)
        }else{
            name = ""
        }
        if trackContainer.contains(.albumName){
            albumName = try trackContainer.decode(String.self, forKey: .albumName)
        }else{
            albumName = ""
        }
        if trackContainer.contains(.albumImageUrl){
            albumImageUrl = try trackContainer.decode(String.self, forKey: .albumImageUrl)
        }else{
            albumImageUrl = ""
        }
        if trackContainer.contains(.copyrightP){
            copyrightP = try trackContainer.decode(String.self, forKey: .copyrightP)
        }else{
            copyrightP = ""
        }
        if trackContainer.contains(.copyrightC){
                copyrightC = try trackContainer.decode(String.self, forKey: .copyrightC)
        }else{
            copyrightC = ""
        }
        if trackContainer.contains(.playlistCount){
            playlistCount = try trackContainer.decode(Int.self, forKey: .playlistCount)
        }else{
            playlistCount = 0
        }

        if trackContainer.contains(.trackPopularity){
            trackPopularity = try trackContainer.decode(Int.self, forKey: .trackPopularity)
        }else{
            trackPopularity = 0
        }
        if trackContainer.contains(.playlistFollowerCount){
            playlistFollowerCount = try trackContainer.decode(Int.self, forKey: .playlistFollowerCount)
        }else{
            playlistFollowerCount = 0
        }

        if trackContainer.contains(.artistFollowerCount){
            artistFollowerCount = try trackContainer.decode(Int.self, forKey: .artistFollowerCount)
        }else{
            artistFollowerCount = 0
        }
        if trackContainer.contains(.label){
            label = try trackContainer.decode(String.self, forKey: .label)
        }else{
            label = ""
        }
    }
}

您需要根据需要在此处更改每个键和数据类型,并将其与解码器一起使用。

于 2018-11-19T10:08:01.837 回答
0

通过使用CodingKey,您可以在可编码或可解码协议中使用自定义键。

struct person: Codable {
    var name: String
    var age: Int
    var street: String
    var state: String

    private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case name
        case age
        case street = "Street_name"
        case state
    } }
于 2019-02-07T07:06:19.393 回答