urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden尝试使用 Certbot 安装 Lets Encrypt 证书时收到错误消息。一年多来，我一直在使用本文中列出的步骤安装证书，最近开始在我的许多服务器上遇到问题。
存在问题的每台服务器的环境：
GoDaddy 云服务器 (512MB)
Bitnami Wordpress
Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS
Python 2.7.6
以下是尝试安装证书时的输出：
sudo ./certbot-auto certonly --webroot -w /opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/htdocs/ -d xxxxxxxxxxxxx.com
Bootstrapping dependencies for Debian-based OSes... (you can skip this with --no-bootstrap)
Ign http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
Get:1 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates InRelease [65.9 kB]
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports InRelease
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg
Get:2 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Sources [399 kB]
28% [2 Sources 63.9 kB/399 kB 16%] [Waiting for headers] [Waiting for headers]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty InRelease
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Sources
Get:3 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted Sources [6,331 B]
Get:4 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe Sources [180 kB]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main amd64 Packages
Get:5 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse Sources [7,764 B]
Get:6 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages [984 kB]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Sources
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main i386 Packages
Get:7 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [17.1 kB]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe i386 Packages
Get:8 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe amd64 Packages [408 kB]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Translation-en
Get:9 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [14.3 kB]
Get:10 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main i386 Packages [941 kB]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Translation-en
Get:11 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted i386 Packages [16.9 kB]
Get:12 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe i386 Packages [408 kB]
Get:13 http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [14.6 kB]
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Translation-en
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe Translation-en
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main Sources
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted Sources
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe Sources
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse Sources
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted amd64 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main i386 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main Translation-en
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe Translation-en
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Sources
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Sources
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Sources
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Sources
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted amd64 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main i386 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Translation-en
Ign http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Translation-en_US
Ign http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign http://iad-public-cmh-zone-1.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Translation-en_US
Fetched 3,463 kB in 8s (395 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python-cffi-backend-api-max
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python-cffi-backend-api-min
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python3-cffi-backend-api-max
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python3-cffi-backend-api-min
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python-cffi-backend-api-max
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python-cffi-backend-api-min
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python3-cffi-backend-api-max
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python3-cffi-backend-api-min
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
gcc is already the newest version.
python is already the newest version.
python-dev is already the newest version.
augeas-lenses is already the newest version.
ca-certificates is already the newest version.
libaugeas0 is already the newest version.
libffi-dev is already the newest version.
libssl-dev is already the newest version.
openssl is already the newest version.
python-virtualenv is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 19 not upgraded.
WARNING: unable to check for updates.
Creating virtual environment...
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python2.7
New python executable in /home/xxxxxxxxxxx/.local/share/letsencrypt/bin/python2.7
Also creating executable in /home/xxxxxxxxxxx/.local/share/letsencrypt/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip...done.
Installing Python packages...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/tmp/tmp.rG5cNt1Qm0/pipstrap.py", line 146, in <module>
exit(main())
File "/tmp/tmp.rG5cNt1Qm0/pipstrap.py", line 130, in main
for url, digest in PACKAGES]
File "/tmp/tmp.rG5cNt1Qm0/pipstrap.py", line 112, in hashed_download
response = opener().open(url)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 410, in open
response = meth(req, response)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 523, in http_response
'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 448, in error
return self._call_chain(*args)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 382, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 531, in http_error_default
raise HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), code, msg, hdrs, fp)
urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden
更新
这是我尝试从以下位置下载 tar 文件时发生的情况pypi.python.org
bitnami@atv-demo:/tmp$ sudo wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-8.0.3.tar.gz
--2017-06-07 06:58:33-- https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-8.0.3.tar.gz
Resolving pypi.python.org (pypi.python.org)... 151.101.32.223, 2a04:4e42:8::223
Connecting to pypi.python.org (pypi.python.org)|151.101.32.223|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 403 Forbidden
2017-06-07 06:58:33 ERROR 403: Forbidden.
bitnami@atv-demo:/tmp$ sudo wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-20.2.2.tar.gz
--2017-06-07 06:58:41-- https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-20.2.2.tar.gz
Resolving pypi.python.org (pypi.python.org)... 151.101.32.223, 2a04:4e42:8::223
Connecting to pypi.python.org (pypi.python.org)|151.101.32.223|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 403 Forbidden
2017-06-07 06:58:41 ERROR 403: Forbidden.
bitnami@atv-demo:/tmp$ sudo wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/w/wheel/wheel-0.29.0.tar.gz
--2017-06-07 06:58:48-- https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/w/wheel/wheel-0.29.0.tar.gz
Resolving pypi.python.org (pypi.python.org)... 151.101.32.223, 2a04:4e42:8::223
Connecting to pypi.python.org (pypi.python.org)|151.101.32.223|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 403 Forbidden
2017-06-07 06:58:48 ERROR 403: Forbidden.