delphi - Delphi中如何实现并行循环？

Question

如何在 Delphi (Delphi 200X, Delphi XE) 中实现并行循环？如何做到这一点最好？有没有通用的解决方案？

请举个例子。

Answer 1

目前最好的解决方案可能是OmniThreadLibrary中的 Parallel For Loop 构造。你向它传递一个集合，或者一对表示下限和上限的整数，以及一个表示循环体的匿名方法，它使用线程池并行运行 for 循环。

请注意，这仅在循环体方法能够独立运行时才有效。如果它修改任何外部变量或依赖于循环中较早进行的计算值，则它不能被并行化。

可以在此处找到有关 OmniThreadLibrary 并行的介绍。例如，一个简单的 for 循环遍历数字如下所示：

Parallel.ForEach(1, testSize).Execute(
  procedure (const elem: integer)
  begin
    // do something with 'elem'
  end);

Answer 2

如果您只需要 ParallelFor 您可以使用此代码：

interface

uses
  Classes, SysUtils;

type
  TParallelProc = reference to procedure(i: Integer; ThreadID: Integer);

  TParallel = class(TThread)
  private
    FProc: TParallelProc;
    FThreadID: Integer; //current thread ID
  protected
    procedure Execute; override;
    function GetNextValue: Integer;
  public
    constructor Create;
    destructor Destroy; override;

    property Proc: TParallelProc
      read FProc write FProc;
    class var
      CurrPos: Integer; //current loop index
      MaxPos: Integer;  //max loops index
      cs: TCriticalSection;
      ThCount: Integer; //thread counter - how much threads have finished execution
  end;


{** ParallelFor Loop - all iterations will be performed in chosen threads
@param nMin - Loop min value (first iteration)
@param nMax - Loop max value (last iteration)
@param nThreads - how much threads to use
@param  aProc - anonymous procedure which will be performed in loop thread
}
procedure ParallelFor(nMin, nMax, nThreads: Integer; aProc: TParallelProc); overload;
{** ParallelFor Loop - all iterations will be performed in max cpu cores
@param nMin - Loop min value (first iteration)
@param nMax - Loop max value (last iteration)
@param  aProc - anonymous procedure which will be performed in loop thread
}
procedure ParallelFor(nMin, nMax: Integer; aProc: TParallelProc); overload;

implementation

uses
  {$IFDEF MSWINDOWS}
  Windows,
  {$ENDIF}
  SyncObjs;

procedure ParallelFor(nMin, nMax, nThreads: Integer; aProc: TParallelProc);
var
  threads: array of TParallel;
  I: Integer;
begin
  if nMin > nMax then
    Exit;
  // initialize TParallel class data
  TParallel.CurrPos := nMin;
  TParallel.MaxPos := nMax;
  TParallel.cs := TCriticalSection.Create;
  TParallel.ThCount := 0;

  // create the threads
  SetLength (threads, nThreads);
  for I := 0 to nThreads - 1 do
  begin
    threads[I] := TParallel.Create; // suspended
    threads[I].FThreadID := I;
    threads[I].Proc := aProc;
    threads[I].Start;
  end;

  for I := 0 to nThreads - 1 do
  begin
    threads[I].WaitFor;
  end;

  for I := 0 to nThreads - 1 do
  begin
    threads[I].Free;
  end;

  TParallel.cs.Free;
end;

procedure ParallelFor(nMin, nMax: Integer; aProc: TParallelProc);
begin
  ParallelFor(nMin, nMax, CPUCount, aProc);
end;

{ TParallel }

constructor TParallel.Create;
begin
  inherited Create(True); // suspended
  InterlockedIncrement(ThCount);
  FreeOnTerminate := False;
  FThreadID := 0;
end;

destructor TParallel.Destroy;
begin
  InterlockedDecrement(ThCount);
  inherited;
end;

procedure TParallel.Execute;
var
  nCurrent: Integer;
begin
  nCurrent := GetNextValue;
  while nCurrent <= MaxPos do
  begin
    Proc(nCurrent, FThreadID);
    nCurrent := GetNextValue;
  end;
end;

function TParallel.GetNextValue: Integer;
begin
  cs.Acquire;
  try
    Result := CurrPos;
    Inc(CurrPos);
  finally
    cs.Release;
  end;
end;

但是，如果您需要更多线程“东西”，您应该考虑使用第三方库。