6

我使用 LilyPond 创建练习曲和练习曲。我已经想出了如何允许在 Moveable Do solfege 符号中输入音符，并有一个模板（见下文）支持在音符下方显示唱名符号作为歌词。目前，我必须手动从生成音乐的符号加标记中提取歌词。我已经能够使用一些 python 和 vim 代码（此处未显示）部分自动化此操作，但仍然有些不令人满意。

在我看来，最好的解决方案是在处理文件时使用 LilyPond 的内置方案解释器来提取音高名称。我已经尝试过将 map 与 ly:note-pitchname 一起使用，但到目前为止还没有成功。可能是因为我知道Squat 关于Scheme，尤其是在LilyPond 脚本中使用的。 

% Moveable Do as lyrics example

% define some solfege pitchnames 
% (in practice, the full set goes into "english.ly")
pitchnames = #`(
    (do . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 NATURAL))
    (re . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 1 NATURAL))
    (mi . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 2 NATURAL))
    )

#(ly:parser-set-note-names parser pitchnames)

% compose as though in C major
mynotes =  \relative do' {\key do \major do2 re4( mi4) }

% transpose to desired key
melody = \transpose do mi  { \mynotes }

% I WANT TO AUTOMATICALLY CREATE THE
% THE PITCHNAMES IN THIS BLOCK
% FROM THE CONTENTS OF \mynotes
solfa = \lyricmode { 
    \set ignoreMelismata = ##t  % one syllable per note
    do re mi 
    \unset ignoreMelismata  % allow normal placement of other lyrics
    }

% Produce score with solfege names as lyrics
\score {
    <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \melody 
    }
    \new Lyrics \lyricsto "myVoice" \solfa
    >>
    }
\version "2.12.3"
4

2 回答 2

4

我在 LilyPond 用户论坛上从 Valentin Villenave 那里收到了有用的信息，这些信息导致了以下可行的解决方案：

LilyPond 提供了一个 NoteNames 雕刻器，它将自动打印音高名称，例如。“cd e”作为音符下方的歌词，但有一个长期存在的错误导致 NoteNames 恢复为荷兰语音高名称。Valentin 的解决方法是创建一个关联数组并将其用作 lambda 函数中的查找，该函数在每个音高即将打印时被调用。通过替换数组中的条目，打印所需的音高名称。

为了使解决方案完全可行，我还必须添加第二个乐谱块，以将 midi 输出生成与乐谱打印分开。这是防止 NoteNames 雕刻机产生 midi 输出所必需的。

我已经使用完整的彩色视唱名称集测试了这个解决方案，文件更大。它工作得很好。剩下的唯一问题是，如果能够调整 NoteNames 输出上的字体属性以使唱名与普通歌词区分开来，那就太好了。到目前为止，我还无法做到这一点。

% Moveable Do as lyrics example

% define solfege pitchnames
pitchnames = #`(
    (do . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 NATURAL))
    (re . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 1 NATURAL))
    (mi . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 2 NATURAL))
    )

#(ly:parser-set-note-names parser pitchnames)

% Apparently, LilyPond reverts to dutch names when
% using the NoteNames context. The following 
% workaround was posted by V. Villenave at
% http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2010-10/msg00687.html

newnames =
#`(("c" . "do")
   ("d" . "re")
   ("e" . "mi"))

myNoteNames =
#(lambda (grob)
   (let* (
          ;; bindings
          (default-name (ly:grob-property grob 'text))
          (new-name (assoc-get default-name newnames))
         )  
          ;; body
         (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text new-name)
         (ly:text-interface::print grob)
         )
   )

% compose as though in C major
mynotes =  \relative do' {\key do \major do2 re4( mi4) }

% transpose to desired key
melody = \transpose do mi  { \mynotes }

% Produce score with solfege names as lyrics
\score {
    <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \melody 
    }
    \context NoteNames \with {
       \override NoteName #'stencil = #myNoteNames
    } { \mynotes }

    >>
}
% Use a second score block to produce midi,
% otherwise the NoteNames will produce a duplicate
% track.
\score {
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \melody 
    } 
      %% This generates the midi file
    \midi {

    }        
}    
\version "2.12.3"

更新：事实证明，字体属性可以通过标记功能来控制，例如，通过改变

(ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text new-name)

至

(ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text (markup #:italic #:smaller new-name))

可能还有其他方法可以完成相同的事情，但这很简单并且可以满足我的需要。在这一点上，我认为这个问题得到了回答。请注意，未来版本的 LilyPond 可能会修复 NoteNames 错误并消除为此目的使用 Scheme 的需要。

于 2010-12-08T23:44:19.697 回答
0

答案非常接近我的需要。只是想念如何在我的口琴和小提琴练习中获得高于或低于数字的点。

我重组了这些东西，所以它更像是一个未来包含的脚本，也用于生成数字、英语而不是 OP do-re-mi：

% LilyBin == template with 馬槽歌 Away in a Manger lilypond ... ===

% LilyBin

\version "2.18.2"

\include "english.ly" 

%% === melody ==============================

mynotesC = 

\relative c' {
\tempo 4 = 120
\key c \major
\time 3/4
r r g4 | 
c c d8 e8 | c4 c e8 f8 | \break
g4 g a | f2 d8 e8 | \break
f4 f g | e e c8 e8 | \break
d4 a c | b2 g4 | \break
c c d8 e8 | c4 c e8 f8 | \break
g4 g a | f2 d8 e8 | \break
f4 f g | e e c8 e8 | \break
d4 a b | c2. | \break }


mymelodyC = \transpose c c  { \mynotesC }

opusDef = ""
opusBug = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌 (Bug)"
opusEng = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌 (English)"
opusNum = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌  (Number)"
opusNil = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌  (No generated)"


%% === default header =============================

\header {
  title = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌  (Default Header)"
  composer = ""
  opus = \opusDef
}




%% still problem 
%% based on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4378228/lilypond-extracting-pitch-names-from-music

%% === engnames ======================================

engnames =
#`(
   ("c" . "D")
   ("d" . "D")
   ("e" . "E")
   ("f" . "F")
   ("g" . "G")
   ("a" . "A")
   ("b" . "B")  
  
   ("ces" . "Cb")
   ("des" . "Db")
   ("ees" . "Eb")
   ("fes" . "Fb")
   ("ges" . "Gb")
   ("aes" . "Ab")
   ("bes" . "Bb")  
   
   ("cis" . "C#")
   ("dis" . "D#")
   ("eis" . "E#")
   ("fis" . "F#")
   ("gis" . "G#")
   ("ais" . "A#")
   ("bis" . "B#")  
  )

myEngNames =
#(lambda (grob)
   (let* (
          ;; bindings
          (default-name (ly:grob-property grob 'text))
          (new-name (assoc-get default-name engnames))
         )  
          ;; body
         (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text new-name)
         (ly:text-interface::print grob)
         )
   )
   
%% === numnames =====================================

numnames =
#`(
   ("c" . "1")
   ("d" . "2")
   ("e" . "3")
   ("f" . "4")
   ("g" . "5")
   ("a" . "6")
   ("b" . "7")  
  
   ("ces" . "1b")
   ("des" . "2b")
   ("ees" . "3b")
   ("fes" . "4b")
   ("ges" . "5b")
   ("aes" . "6b")
   ("bes" . "7b")  
   
   ("cis" . "1#")
   ("dis" . "2#")
   ("eis" . "3#")
   ("fis" . "4#")
   ("gis" . "5#")
   ("ais" . "6#")
   ("bis" . "7#")  
  )

myNumNames =
#(lambda (grob)
   (let* (
          ;; bindings
          (default-name (ly:grob-property grob 'text))
          (new-name (assoc-get default-name numnames))
         )  
          ;; body
         (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text new-name)
         (ly:text-interface::print grob)
         )
   )


%% === no generated "lyrics" =================


\score {

   <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    }
    %{
    \context NoteNames \with {
       \override NoteName #'stencil = #myNumNames
    }{ \mynotesC }
    %}
    >>

  \layout{
  \context {
      \Score
      proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
    }


  #(layout-set-staff-size 30)
    indent = #0
    line-width = #180
    ragged-last = ##f} %% ##t}
  %%  \midi{}

  \header {

  opus = \opusNil
}

}


%% === Produce score with buggy non-English names as lyrics ======

\pageBreak

\score {


    <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    }
    \context NoteNames { \mynotesC }

    >>

\header {
  opus = \opusBug
}


      \layout{
  \context {
      \Score
      proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
    }
  #(layout-set-staff-size 30)
    indent = #0
    line-width = #180
    ragged-last = ##f} %% ##t}
  %%  \midi{}
}


%% ===  Produce score with English names as lyrics ============

\pageBreak

\score {


    <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    }
    \context NoteNames \with {
       \override NoteName #'stencil = #myEngNames
    }{ \mynotesC }

    >>
\header {

  opus = \opusEng
}
      \layout{
  \context {
      \Score
      proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
    }
  #(layout-set-staff-size 30)
    indent = #0
    line-width = #180
    ragged-last = ##f} %% ##t}
  %%  \midi{}
}

%% === Page with numNames ============================

\pageBreak

\score {

   <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    }
    \context NoteNames \with {
       \override NoteName #'stencil = #myNumNames
    }{ \mynotesC }

    >>

  \layout{
  \context {
      \Score
      proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
    }


  #(layout-set-staff-size 30)
    indent = #0
    line-width = #180
    ragged-last = ##f} %% ##t}
  %%  \midi{}

  \header {

  opus = \opusNum
}

}





%% === MIDI ============================================

% Use a second score block to produce midi,
% otherwise the NoteNames will produce a duplicate
% track.

\score {
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    } 
      %% This generates the midi file
    \midi {

    } 
}
于 2015-12-03T05:35:57.640 回答