作为消磨时间,我正在尝试解决我在大学学习的课程(涉及 Lambda 微积分和各种编程概念)中提出的各种问题。因此,我正在尝试在 OCaml 中实现 Church 数字和相关运算符(也作为 OCaml 中的练习)。
这是到目前为止的代码:
let church_to_int n =
n (fun x -> x + 1) 0;;
let succ n s z =
s (n s z)
let zero = fun s z -> z
let int_to_church i =
let rec compounder i cont =
match i with
| 0 -> cont zero
| _ -> compounder (i - 1) (fun res -> cont (succ res))
in
compounder i (fun x -> x)
let add a b = (b succ) a
let mul a b = (b (add a)) zero
因此,它似乎有效,但随后就崩溃了。让我们考虑这些定义:
let three = int_to_church 3
let four = int_to_church 4
church_to_int (add three four) // evaluates to 7
church_to_int (add four three) // throws type error - see later
我知道抛出的错误与 Church 数字在定义时的类型多态性有关(参见SO question),然后在调用闭包一次后解决。但是,我似乎不明白为什么在这种情况下会引发类型不一致错误:
let three = int_to_church 3
let four = int_to_church 4
church_to_int (mul three four) // throws type error - see later
有什么想法吗?
具体错误:
1.
Error: This expression has type (int -> int) -> int -> int but an expression was expected of type ((('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'a) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'b) ->
((((int -> int) -> int -> int) -> (int -> int) -> int -> int) ->
((int -> int) -> int -> int) -> (int -> int) -> int -> int) ->
'd
Type int is not compatible with type ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'a
2.
Error: This expression has type ((((('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'a) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'b) -> (('d -> 'd) -> 'd -> 'd) -> 'e) ->
((('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'a) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'b) ->
(('d -> 'd) -> 'd -> 'd) -> 'e) ->
(((('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'a) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'b) ->
(('d -> 'd) -> 'd -> 'd) -> 'e) ->
((('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'a) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'b) ->
(('d -> 'd) -> 'd -> 'd) -> 'e
but an expression was expected of type
((((('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'a) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'b) ->
(('d -> 'd) -> 'd -> 'd) -> 'e) ->
'e) ->
('f -> 'g -> 'g) -> 'h
The type variable 'e occurs inside
((('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'a) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'b) ->
(('d -> 'd) -> 'd -> 'd) -> 'e