我正在研究一个简单的内核,我一直在尝试实现一个键盘中断处理程序来摆脱端口轮询。我一直在-kernel
模式下使用 QEMU(以减少编译时间,因为使用生成 isogrub-mkrescue
需要相当长的时间)并且它工作得很好,但是当我想切换到-cdrom
模式时它突然开始崩溃。我不知道为什么。
最终我意识到,当它从 iso 引导时,它还会在引导内核本身之前运行 GRUB 引导加载程序。我发现 GRUB 可能会将处理器切换到保护模式,这会导致问题。
问题:通常我会简单地初始化中断处理程序,只要我按下一个键,它就会被处理。但是,当我使用 iso 运行内核并按下一个键时,虚拟机就崩溃了。这发生在 qemu 和 VMWare 中,所以我认为我的中断一定有问题。
请记住,只要我不使用 GRUB,代码就可以正常工作。
interrupts_init()
(见下文)是main()
内核函数中首先调用的东西之一。
本质上的问题是:有没有办法让它在保护模式下工作?.
我的内核的完整副本可以在我的GitHub 存储库中找到。一些相关文件:
lowlevel.asm
:
section .text
global keyboard_handler_int
global load_idt
extern keyboard_handler
keyboard_handler_int:
pushad
cld
call keyboard_handler
popad
iretd
load_idt:
mov edx, [esp + 4]
lidt [edx]
sti
ret
interrupts.c
:
#include <assembly.h> // defines inb() and outb()
#define IDT_SIZE 256
#define PIC_1_CTRL 0x20
#define PIC_2_CTRL 0xA0
#define PIC_1_DATA 0x21
#define PIC_2_DATA 0xA1
extern void keyboard_handler_int(void);
extern void load_idt(void*);
struct idt_entry
{
unsigned short int offset_lowerbits;
unsigned short int selector;
unsigned char zero;
unsigned char flags;
unsigned short int offset_higherbits;
} __attribute__((packed));
struct idt_pointer
{
unsigned short limit;
unsigned int base;
} __attribute__((packed));
struct idt_entry idt_table[IDT_SIZE];
struct idt_pointer idt_ptr;
void load_idt_entry(int isr_number, unsigned long base, short int selector, unsigned char flags)
{
idt_table[isr_number].offset_lowerbits = base & 0xFFFF;
idt_table[isr_number].offset_higherbits = (base >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
idt_table[isr_number].selector = selector;
idt_table[isr_number].flags = flags;
idt_table[isr_number].zero = 0;
}
static void initialize_idt_pointer()
{
idt_ptr.limit = (sizeof(struct idt_entry) * IDT_SIZE) - 1;
idt_ptr.base = (unsigned int)&idt_table;
}
static void initialize_pic()
{
/* ICW1 - begin initialization */
outb(PIC_1_CTRL, 0x11);
outb(PIC_2_CTRL, 0x11);
/* ICW2 - remap offset address of idt_table */
/*
* In x86 protected mode, we have to remap the PICs beyond 0x20 because
* Intel have designated the first 32 interrupts as "reserved" for cpu exceptions
*/
outb(PIC_1_DATA, 0x20);
outb(PIC_2_DATA, 0x28);
/* ICW3 - setup cascading */
outb(PIC_1_DATA, 0x00);
outb(PIC_2_DATA, 0x00);
/* ICW4 - environment info */
outb(PIC_1_DATA, 0x01);
outb(PIC_2_DATA, 0x01);
/* Initialization finished */
/* mask interrupts */
outb(0x21 , 0xFF);
outb(0xA1 , 0xFF);
}
void idt_init(void)
{
initialize_pic();
initialize_idt_pointer();
load_idt(&idt_ptr);
}
void interrupts_init(void)
{
idt_init();
load_idt_entry(0x21, (unsigned long) keyboard_handler_int, 0x08, 0x8E);
/* 0xFD is 11111101 - enables only IRQ1 (keyboard)*/
outb(0x21 , 0xFD);
}
kernel.c
#if defined(__linux__)
#error "You are not using a cross-compiler, you will most certainly run into trouble!"
#endif
#if !defined(__i386__)
#error "This kernel needs to be compiled with a ix86-elf compiler!"
#endif
#include <kernel.h>
// These _init() functions are not in their respective headers because
// they're supposed to be never called from anywhere else than from here
void term_init(void);
void mem_init(void);
void dev_init(void);
void interrupts_init(void);
void shell_init(void);
void kernel_main(void)
{
// Initialize basic components
term_init();
mem_init();
dev_init();
interrupts_init();
// Start the Shell module
shell_init();
// This should be unreachable code
kernel_panic("End of kernel reached!");
}
boot.asm
:
bits 32
section .text
;grub bootloader header
align 4
dd 0x1BADB002 ;magic
dd 0x00 ;flags
dd - (0x1BADB002 + 0x00) ;checksum. m+f+c should be zero
global start
extern kernel_main
start:
mov esp, stack_space ;set stack pointer
call kernel_main
; We shouldn't get to here, but just in case do an infinite loop
endloop:
hlt ;halt the CPU
jmp endloop
section .bss
resb 8192 ;8KB for stack
stack_space: