编辑:我无法让一些缩进正常工作,但代码是完整的并且被正确阻止。对不起。
对于课堂作业,我必须实现一个简单的 UNIX shell 的一部分。它必须支持重定向、管道和后台。我得到了一个解析器,它填充了一个名为 Command_line 的结构(我将在下面包含结构原型)。我的工作是编写一个函数来处理这些命令行(处理重定向、后台、管道和执行程序)。
我几乎让它工作了,但由于某种原因它不能正确处理形式program1 |的命令 程序 2 文件。例如,cat < file1.in | 猫-file2.in。问题似乎不在重定向中,因为我已经编写了测试程序放在不需要重定向但仍然导致相同问题的管道前面。在大多数情况下,流水线确实有效。只是这些带有“-”作为参数的程序会导致问题。
当我运行其中一个有问题的命令行时,会打印第一个程序的输出并且进程挂起(我必须手动挂起并终止它)。它不会在之后给用户提示或对输入做出反应(除了我用来暂停进程的 ctrl + z )。
任何有关如何使这项工作的建议将不胜感激。
这是结构:
/* This is the structure that holds the information about a parsed
* command line. The argvs array is an array of string vectors; in
* other words, for some int i, argvs[i] is an array of strings.
* You should be able to use argvs[i] in calls to one of the execv*()
* functions.
*/
typedef struct {
char *argvs[MAX_PROGS + 1][MAX_ARGS + 1];
int num_progs; /* Number of argument vectors; if > 1, piping is requested */
char *infile; /* Name of stdin redirect file; NULL if no redirection */
char *outfile; /* Name of stdout redirect file; NULL if no redirection */
int append; /* Is output redirection appending? */
int bg; /* Put command into background? */
} Command_line;
还有我的代码,它处理这些结构之一(我省略了#includes)。
pid_t runproc(int fd[][2], int num, Command_line *cmd);
void execute_command_line(Command_line *cmd) {
int n;
int temp_pipe[2];
int fd[MAX_PROGS-1][2];
pid_t pids[MAX_PROGS];
/* Clears pipes (sets all values to -1*/
for(n = 0; n < cmd->num_progs; n++){
fd[n][0] = -1;
fd[n][1] = -1;
}
/*Uses temp_pipe to connect write end of nth pipe to read end of (n+1)th
pipe*/
for(n = 0; n < cmd->num_progs - 1; n++){
pipe(temp_pipe);
fd[n][1] = temp_pipe[1];
fd[n+1][0] = temp_pipe[0];
}
/*If input file redirection is occuring, redirects read end of first pipe to
file*/
if(cmd->infile){
fd[0][0] = open(cmd->infile, O_RDONLY);
if(fd[0][0] < 0){
printf("Error executing command\n");
exit(1);
}
}
/*If output file redirection is occurring, redirects write end of last pipe to
file. Sets append option according to append field of command*/
if(cmd->outfile){
if(cmd->append){
fd[cmd->num_progs - 1][1] = open(cmd->outfile, O_APPEND | O_WRONLY);
if(fd[cmd->num_progs - 1][1] < 0){
printf("Error executing command\n");
exit(1);
}
}else{
fd[cmd->num_progs - 1][1] = open(cmd->outfile, O_WRONLY);
if(fd[cmd->num_progs - 1][1] < 0){
printf("Error executing command\n");
exit(1);
}
}
}
/*Runs runproc for every program in pipe, stores return values (pids of
children) in array*/
for(n = 0; n < cmd->num_progs; n++){
pids[n] = runproc(fd, n, cmd);
}
/*Closes all pipes*/
for(n = 0; n < cmd->num_progs; n++){
if(fd[n][0] >= 0) close(fd[n][0]);
if(fd[n][1] >= 0) close(fd[n][1]);
}
/*Waits for all children*/
for(n = 0; n < cmd->num_progs; n++){
wait(NULL);
}
}
pid_t runproc(int fd[][2], int num, Command_line *cmd){
pid_t pid;
int n;
int frk_chk;
pid = fork();
if(pid < 0){
printf("Error executing command\n");
exit(1);
}else if (!pid){ /*Child code*/
/*Redirects stdin/stdout of process to read/write end of corresponding
pipe*/
if(fd[num][0] >= 0) dup2(fd[num][0], STDIN_FILENO);
if(fd[num][1] >= 0) dup2(fd[num][1], STDOUT_FILENO);
/*Closes pipe ends*/
for(n=0; n < cmd->num_progs - 1; n++){
if(fd[num][0] >= 0) close(fd[num][0]);
if(fd[num][1] >= 0) close(fd[num][1]);
}
/*If backgrounding: forks, parent exits, child executes program.
If not backgrounding: program just executes*/
if(cmd->bg){
if((frk_chk = fork()) < 0){
printf("Error executing command\n");
exit(1);
}else if(frk_chk){
exit(0);
}else{
if(!(cmd->infile) && num == 0) close(STDIN_FILENO);
execvp(cmd->argvs[num][0], cmd->argvs[num]);
}
}else{
if(!num){
dup2(fd[0][1], STDOUT_FILENO);
}
execvp(cmd->argvs[num][0], cmd->argvs[num]);
}
printf("Error executing command\n");
exit(1);
}else{ /*Parent code*/
/*Returns pid of child, used for reaping loop*/
return pid;
}
}