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我正在尝试使用 f2py 为我的同时使用 PETSc 和 SLEPc 的 Fortran 代码创建一个 python 模块（这个问题与这篇文章密切相关，但是那里的讨论无法解决我的问题——请参阅底部的评论邮政）。代码由许多文件和子程序组成，但我只需要访问 python 中最外层的 main/driver 函数。我采取的第一步是使用 SLEPc 提供的 makefile 模板来生成所有目标文件（最终链接失败，因为外部函数现在是子程序而不是主程序，但我现在不用担心，因为我'就在目标文件之后）。

从那里，我尝试了两种方法。首先是简单地调用f2py如下：

f2py -c -m modname outer_driver.f90 file1.o file2.o file3.o...

这似乎可行，但在尝试导入 python 时，找不到 SLEPc（并且，我认为是 PETSc）对象/函数：

>>> import mod_name
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: dlopen(./mod_name.so, 2): Symbol not found: _epscreate_
  Referenced from: ./mod_name.so
  Expected in: flat namespace
 in ./mod_name.so

第二种方法假设我也需要链接到 SLEPc/PETSc 库。因此，我在 makefile 中添加了一行：

modname.so: outer_driver.f90
        f2py -c -m modname outer_driver.f90 file1.o file2.o file3.o ${SLEPC_EPS_LIB}

运行“make modname.so”后f2py，无法完全运行。这是输出：

running build
running config_cc
unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options
running config_fc
unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options
running build_src
build_src
building extension "modname" sources
f2py options: []
f2py:> /tmp/tmpIH70ZJ/src.macosx-10.10-x86_64-2.7/modnamemodule.c
creating /tmp/tmpIH70ZJ/src.macosx-10.10-x86_64-2.7
Reading fortran codes...
    Reading file 'outer_driver.f90' (format:free)
Post-processing...
    Block: modname
            Block: outer_driver
Post-processing (stage 2)...
Building modules...
    Building module "modname"...
        Constructing wrapper function "outer_driver"...
          outer_driver()
    Wrote C/API module "modname" to file "/tmp/tmpIH70ZJ/src.macosx-10.10-x86_64-2.7/modnamemodule.c"
  adding '/tmp/tmpIH70ZJ/src.macosx-10.10-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.c' to sources.
  adding '/tmp/tmpIH70ZJ/src.macosx-10.10-x86_64-2.7' to include_dirs.
copying /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/f2py/src/fortranobject.c -> /tmp/tmpIH70ZJ/src.macosx-10.10-x86_64-2.7
copying /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/f2py/src/fortranobject.h -> /tmp/tmpIH70ZJ/src.macosx-10.10-x86_64-2.7
build_src: building npy-pkg config files
running build_ext
customize UnixCCompiler
customize UnixCCompiler using build_ext
customize Gnu95FCompiler
Found executable /usr/local/bin/gfortran
customize Gnu95FCompiler
customize Gnu95FCompiler using build_ext
building 'modname' extension
compiling C sources
C compiler: clang -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes

error: unknown file type '' (from '-Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/Cellar/slepc/3.7.3_4/real/lib')
make: *** [modname.so] Error 1

在链接到 PETSc 的 fortran 代码上使用 f2py的 OP表明他能够通过将环境变量设置为 PETSc 库来绕过使用-Wl,-rpath标志，这在此处似乎也是一个问题。LD_LIBRARY_PATH但是，如果我做同样的事情（设置为 SLEPc 库，我相信这也意味着 PETSc 库），这两种方法都对我没有帮助。有人可以建议我可能使用的方法吗？

更新-Wl,rpath：要求提供有关错误及其来源的更多信息。据我了解，这些标志来自使用 SLEPc/PETSc 链接。因此，在我的 makefile 中，它们来自${SLEPC_EPS_LIB}变量。解释时，完整的命令非常长，但无论如何我都会包含它，以防可以从那里挖掘某些东西。请记住，我在上面的示例中没有使用实际的文件名——为了清楚起见，我只是简化了。下面的文件名会有所不同。

f2py -c -m iga_blade_py run_analysis.f90 modules.o force.o param.o cname.o curve_input_nrb_mc.o shell_input_nrb_mp.o shell_reduce_node.o shell_input_nrb.o material_input.o material_calculate.o shell_laminate2.o iosol.o shell_gp_info.o shell_profile_vector。 o shell_genIEN_INN.o shell_genSparStruc.o shell_genGP_GW.o shell_eval_SHAPE.o shell_dersbasisfuns.o shell_e3LRhs_KLShell.o shell_e3LRhs_KLShell_pen_disp.o shell_e3LRhs_KLShell_pen_rot.o shell_KL_geo.o cross_prod.o shell_BCLhs_3D.o shell_FillSparseMat_3D.o shell_SparseMatLoc_3D.o shell_SparseCG.o shell_skyline.o shell_SparseProd.o shell_IntElmAss_post2 .o shell_e3LRhs_KLShell_post.o curve_element_project.o shell_mnrb_find_search_locs.o shell_nrb_find_point.o patch_point_proj.o petsc_genSparStruc.o viz_read_mesh_points.o driver.o input_shell.o solflow.o shell_IntElmAss.o petsc_fillMat。o shell_IntElmAss_pen.o petsc_prepSolve.o shell_allocate_LRhs.o petsc_rank.o solflow_lin_buck.o solflow_vibr.o shell_IntElmAss_mass.o -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/Cellar/slepc/3.7.3_4/real/lib -L/usr/local /Cellar/slepc/3.7.3_4/real/lib -lslepc -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/arpack/lib -L/usr/local/opt/arpack/lib -lparpack -larpack -Wl,- rpath,/usr/local/Cellar/petsc/3.7.5/real/lib -L/usr/local/Cellar/petsc/3.7.5/real/lib -lpetsc -L/usr/local/opt/superlu_dist/lib -lsuperlu_dist -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/mumps/libexec/lib -L/usr/local/opt/mumps/libexec/lib -lcmumps -ldmumps -lsmumps -lzmumps -lmumps_common -lpord -Wl,- rpath,/usr/local/opt/parmetis/lib -L/usr/local/opt/parmetis/lib -lparmetis -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/metis/lib -L/usr/local/opt /metis/lib -lmetis -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/hypre/lib -L/usr/local/opt/hypre/lib -lHYPRE -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/libevent/lib -L/usr/local/opt/libevent/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/Cellar/open-mpi/2.0.2/lib -L/usr/local /Cellar/open-mpi/2.0.2/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib -Wl,-rpath,/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions /Current/Libraries -L/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/Current/Libraries -Wl,-rpath,/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang /8.0.0/lib/darwin -L/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/8.0.0/lib/darwin -lclang_rt.osx -lc++ -Wl,- rpath,/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/8.0.0/lib/darwin -L/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/工具链/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/8.0.0/lib/darwin -lclang_rt。osx -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/scalapack/lib -L/usr/local/opt/scalapack/lib -lscalapack -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/suite-sparse/lib - L/usr/local/opt/suite-sparse/lib -lumfpack -lklu -lcholmod -lbtf -lccolamd -lcolamd -lcamd -lamd -lsuitesparseconfig -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/sundials/lib -L/ usr/local/opt/sundials/lib -lsundials_cvode -lsundials_nvecserial -lsundials_nvecparallel -llapack -lblas -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/netcdf/lib -L/usr/local/opt/netcdf/lib -lnetcdf - wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/hdf5/lib -L/usr/local/opt/hdf5/lib -lhdf5_hl -lhdf5 -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/hwloc/lib -L/ usr/local/opt/hwloc/lib -lhwloc -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/fftw/lib -L/usr/local/opt/fftw/lib -lfftw3_mpi -lfftw3 -lmpi_usempif08 -lmpi_usempi_ignore_tkr -lmpi_mpifh - lgfortran -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/6.3.0_1/lib/gcc/6/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0/6.3。0 -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/6.3.0_1/lib/gcc/6/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0/6.3.0 -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/ 6.3.0_1/lib/gcc/6 -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/6.3.0_1/lib/gcc/6 -lgfortran -lgcc_ext.10.5 -lquadmath -lm -lclang_rt.osx -lc++ -lclang_rt.osx - wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/libevent/lib -L/usr/local/opt/libevent/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/Cellar/open-mpi/2.0.2/lib - l/usr/local/Cellar/open-mpi/2.0.2/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib -Wl,-rpath,/System/Library/Frameworks/ OpenGL.framework/Versions/Current/Libraries -L/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/Current/Libraries -ldl -lmpi -lSystem -Wl,-rpath,/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/工具链/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/8.0.0/lib/darwin -L/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../ lib/clang/8.0.0/lib/darwin -lclang_rt.osx -ldl

已解决：我最终能够找到几种不同的方法来解决这个问题。最直接的方法与我描述的第二种（基于makefile）方法基本相同，但我手动从变量中删除了每个-Wl,rpath命令。SLEPC_EPS_LIB此外，我通过 PETSc 邮件列表了解到，可以仅使用 f2py 来生成必需的 .c、.f90 和 .pyc 文件。然后，您可以自己编译，链接必要的库。显然这涉及更多，但它也是一种选择。

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